甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的毒力测定

室内毒力测定表明,在一定范围内,不同浓度甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒(SeNPV)感染甜菜夜蛾2龄幼虫后,浓度越高,甜菜夜蛾死亡率越高,开始死亡时间越早,全程感染至死亡的天数越短,致死中时(LT50)为2.44~5.60 d,致死中浓度LC50=7.11×104PIB/m l。以剂量为2×105PIB/m l的SeNPV样品感染甜菜夜蛾1~4龄幼虫,低龄幼虫的死亡高峰期为4~5 d,全程期为6~7 d;3龄以上幼虫死亡高峰期为7 d左右,全程期为10~12 d。     

不同寄主植物对甜菜夜蛾解毒酶活性的影响

通过离体酶活性测定,研究取食苜蓿、苋菜、生菜、白菜、玉米5种寄主植物对甜菜夜蛾磷酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响.结果表明甜菜夜蛾取食寄主植物后,体内磷酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性均发生变化.除取食苋菜的甜菜夜蛾碱性磷酸酯酶活性与取食苜蓿、白菜的之间差异不显著外,其他各处理之间差异均显著.其中玉米对这3种酶的诱导能力最低.     

AcNPV对甜菜夜蛾二龄幼虫的生物测定

以甜菜夜蛾二龄幼虫对苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（ＡｃＮＰＶ）两种毒株采用生物测定方法进行比较。对ＡｃＮＰＶ两毒株杀虫毒力及杀虫速率的分析表明：以甜菜夜蛾活体增值的ＡｃＮＰＶ Ａ株（ＬＤ５０＝１３１．８ＰＩＢ／头）比用草地贫夜蛾细胞株（Ｓｆ９）增殖的ＡｃＮＰＶ Ｂ株（ＬＤ５０＝１６９６．８ＰＩＢ／头）毒力要高１０倍，而毒杀速率，也以ＡｃＮＰＶ Ａ株（ＬＴ５０＝４．４６ｄ）比ＡｃＮＰＶ Ｂ株（ＬＴ５０     

葫芦素B对甜菜夜蛾幼虫取食和成虫产卵的影响

测定了葫芦素B对甜菜夜蛾1～3龄幼虫取食和成虫产卵的影响.结果表明,当质量浓度达到16 0 0 μg·mL-1时,葫芦素B对1龄幼虫有拒食作用,并降低其存活率,干扰作用控制指数(IIPC)为0 70 0 ;在相同质量浓度下,葫芦素B抑制成虫产卵,产卵抑制率达5 5 5 % ,IIPC为0 4 4 5 .     

甜菜夜蛾幼虫气门的超微结构观察

采用扫描电子显微镜对甜菜夜蛾5龄幼虫气门(spiracle)的超微结构进行了观察。结果表明,甜菜夜蛾的气门类型为内闭式气门(internat closing apparatus),外面观和内面观皆呈新月形或近圆形;气门的开闭结构主要由闭弓(closing bow)、闭带(closing valve)和闭肌(occluscle)3部分构成;气门的过滤结构(filter apparatus)外面观呈簇生状,分枝发达,内面观呈平行排列的树状,分枝不发达;气门外围体壁(integument)的表面具有馒头状(直径约1μm)的纹饰;蛹气门椭圆形,中央拱起,过滤结构分枝较少,气门外缘具砖形垫状结构。甜菜夜蛾气门的这种超微结构既具有其自身的生理意义,同时也可以作为其系统分类的参考依据。     

感染白粉菌玫瑰对甜菜夜蛾幼虫取食与发育的影响

用感染白粉病的玫瑰叶片饲养甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫,测量取食量,观察生长发育情况。结果表明：无选择试验中,甜菜夜蛾从3龄幼虫至化蛹,对健康叶片的取食量达1125．6mm^2／虫,而对感病叶片的取食量只有764．0mm^2／虫;在有选择试验中,甜菜夜蛾总偏好取食健康叶片,从3龄幼虫至化蛹对健康叶片的取食量达979．7mm^2／虫,而对感病叶片的取食量只有165．7mm^2／虫。感病玫瑰叶片对甜菜夜蛾生长发育的影响主要表现在：进入预蛹期时间延长,死亡率高,化蛹率低,蛹质量明显降低;表明甜菜夜蛾取食感染白粉菌的玫瑰叶片后生长发育和取食量均受到明显影响。     

河南省芝麻田甜菜夜蛾的发生与为害

1分布为害甜菜夜蛾又名玉米叶夜蛾、贪夜蛾、白菜褐夜蛾,属鳞翅目,夜蛾科。在全国各地都有发生,局部地区较为严重。甜菜夜蛾食性极杂,除为害芝麻外,主要还为害玉米、高粱、大豆、棉花、甜菜及各种蔬菜和杂草。甜菜夜蛾为害芝麻,以初孵幼虫取食叶下表面和叶肉,形成“天窗”;大龄     

蔬菜作物甜菜夜蛾幼虫发生与防治

调查结果表明,甜菜夜蛾幼虫在益阳市从5月下旬至11月底都有幼虫发生为害,只是量的多少不同而已,每月一个高峰期,一般都在中下旬,共7个高峰期,尤以8月发生量最大,5、6、11月发生量少,基本不构成为害.在白天一天中,晴天09：00前是为害高峰期,下午17：00后进入为害高峰期;阴天10：00前是为害高峰期,下午16：00后进入为害高峰期.为害的蔬菜作物主要是十字花科类、豆类、茄果类、葱蒜类、芦笋、菠菜、菜用红薯叶等.     

甜菜甘蓝夜蛾防治

<正>甘蓝夜蛾又叫甘蓝夜盗虫或甘蓝夜盗蛾,属鳞翅目夜蛾科害虫。以幼虫为害甜菜叶片。除为害甜菜外,还为害甘蓝、白菜、油菜等多种蔬菜。一般年份,该虫为害可使甜菜块根减     

Effect of Nitrogen and Sulfur Supply on Glucosinolates in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis

Glucosinolates （GSs） are a group of plant secondary metabolites containing abundant nitrogen （N） and sulfur （S） mainly in Brassica and have the beneficial effects on human health including anti-carcinogenic, cholesterol-reducing and other pharmacological effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of N （5, 10, and 20 mmol L-a, denoted by N5, N10 and N20） and S （0,5, 1, and 2 mmol L^-1, denoted by S0.5, S1 and S2） on the yield and GSs in pakchoi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. communis） in hydroponics. Results showed that N10 and N20 significantly enhanced the yield compared with N5, however, N20 had a negative effect relative to N10. Only with N10 and N20 low S supply （S0.5） reduced the yield. The concentrations of aliphatic GSs, aromatic GS and total GSs were enhanced by N5 and indolyl GSs were enhanced by N20. S2 enhanced the concentration of individual GS and total GSs. The concentrations of indolyl GSs were maximized in N20S2 treatment, whereas the highest concentrations of aliphatic GSs, aromatic GS and total GSs were found in N5S2 treatment. Effects of N and S on aliphatic GSs were higher than on indolyl GSs. The results suggest that the accumulation of aliphatic GSs and aromatic GS could be enhanced by low N and high S and restricted by high N while that of indolyl GSs could be enhanced by high N and high S.     

紫菜苔叶片和茎杆花青素含量的遗传分析

【目的】探索紫菜苔叶片和茎杆花青素含量的遗传规律,为紫色白菜的育种或改良提供理论指导。【方法】以紫菜薹(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis var.purpuraria,AA,2n=20)纯系育种材料与菜心(B.campestris ssp.chinensis var.utilis,AA,2n=20)为亲本,构建F1、F_2、BC1P1(B1)和BC1P2(B2)群体,对双亲及上述各群体植株苗期叶片和蕾苔期茎杆的花青素含量进行测定,并通过六世代联合分离分析方法,研究叶片和茎杆中花青素的遗传规律。【结果】紫菜苔(P1)整株表现深紫色,其叶片和茎杆中花青素含量分别为(24.27±4.14)mg/kg和(64.22±7.84)mg/kg;而菜心(P2)整株表现绿色,叶片和茎杆中花青素含量分别为(13.02±2.43)mg/kg和(2.58±0.48)mg/kg;杂种F1代叶片表现为浅紫色,而茎杆表现为微紫色,叶片和茎杆中花青素平均含量分别为(15.73±2.50)mg/kg和(24.20±1.00)mg/kg。各分离世代中,叶片和茎杆花青素含量均呈多峰或偏锋分布,符合具有主基因控制的数量性状分布规律。六世代分析中,叶片和茎杆花青素含量遗传的最适模型分别为2MG-ADI和MX2-ADI-ADI,表明叶片和茎杆花青素含量均受两对加性-显性-上位主基因控制,另外茎杆花青素含量也受多基因的影响。控制叶片和茎杆花青素的主基因均在F_2群体中具有较高的遗传率,受环境影响较小。【结论】紫菜薹叶片和茎杆花青素的遗传均受2对主基因影响,主基因在F_2中的遗传率较高,因此适宜从F_2及自交后代中进行紫色植株的选育。     

外源细胞分裂素BA对小白菜硫代葡萄糖苷含量的影响

研究外源细胞分裂素BA对小白菜硫代葡萄糖苷（硫苷）含量的影响,为提高小白菜硫苷含量提供参考。以不同浓度（0,0.2,5和20 mg·L^-1） BA进行处理,分析其对小白菜生长和硫苷含量的影响。随BA浓度的增加,小白菜鲜重有增加的趋势,其中5～20 mg·L^-1 BA处理显著增加了小白菜地上部鲜重。与对照相比,较高BA处理浓度（20 mg·L^-1）显著诱导了5-甲基亚磺酰戊基硫苷、3-丁烯基硫苷、4-戊烯基硫苷和总硫苷的含量,但在0.2 mg·L^-1 BA处理显著增加了4-戊烯基硫苷和2-苯乙基硫苷含量。5～20 mg·L^-1 BA处理显著抑制了1-甲氧基吲哚-3-甲基硫苷的含量,但对其他吲哚族硫苷含量并没有引起显著的变化。不同种类硫苷对不同浓度的BA处理有不同的响应,其中20 mg·L^-1 BA处理显著提高了小白菜总硫苷含量。     

Identification of QTLs Related to Bolting in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis （syn. Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis）

A genetic linkage map of Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis was constructed with 186 AFLP （amplified fragment length polymorphism） markers by using a doubled-haploid （DH） population with 183 individuals. The individuals were derived from F1 which was developed by crossing a bolting resistant DH line Y-177-12 and an easy bolting DH line Y195-93a. AFLPs were generated by the use of restriction enzymes EcoR Ⅰ and Mse Ⅰ . The segregation of each marker and linkage was analyzed by using JoinMap version 3.0. Mapped markers were aligned in ten linkage groups which covered 887.8 cM with an average marker interval of 4.47 cM. Markers showing skewed segregation ratio were clustered in six LGs. Quantitative trait loci （QTL） were mapped for bolting resistance by using MAPQTL 4.0 package. Four QTLs explaining from 7.0 to 9.4% of the total variation were detected, all of them increase bolting resistance. These mapped QTLs could be used to develop a marker assisted selection programme for bolting resistance breeding.     

Effect of the Antisense BcMF12 Driven by the BcA9 Promoter on Gene Silencing in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis

The study analyzed the silencing of BcMF12 gene regulated by BcA9 promoter in the transgenic pakchoi and confirmed the effect of antisense BcMF12 gene on the pollen development. A conserved BcMF12 gene fragment was amplified from the cDNA of flower buds in pakchoi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis, syn. B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis） and was fused to the anther specific BcA9 promoter. The plant antisense expression vector was constructed and then introduced into pakchoi via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were screened by antibiotics and molecular analysis. PCR and Southern blot revealed that the antisense BcMF12-GUS fusion gene regulated by BcA9 promoter was integrated into transgenic plants. Northern blot suggested that the expression of BcMF12 gene was down-regulated significantly. The pollen germination rate of transgenic plants with antisense BcMF12 gene decreased as compared with that of the control plants. The expression of the gene BcMF12 related to the pollen development was inhibited by the antisense BcMF12 driven by BcA9 promoter, which consequently affected the pollen development in pakchoi.     

黄心乌白菜游离小孢子培养及植株再生

为了提高黄心乌类型白菜的游离小孢子胚诱导率,选用7个淮南黄心乌品种,研究不同品种、取蕾月份和预处理对小孢子胚胎发生的影响,并采用流式细胞仪研究再生植株的倍性变异。结果表明,不同品种的小孢子出胚率存在明显差异,只有3个品种09-96、09-97和09-98诱导出了胚状体,平均出胚率分别为1.13胚/蕾,2.93胚/蕾和4.63胚/蕾;33℃热激处理对小孢子的胚发生至关重要;与对照相比,0.2%正丁醇预处理5 h显著提高了09-97和09-98的出胚率;倍性鉴定结果表明,在获得的再生植株中,单倍体、双单倍体、三倍体和四倍体都存在,但以双单倍体为主,09-97和09-98的双单倍体率分别达到70%和80%。     

薹菜再生体系的建立

为了建立薹菜再生体系进而为转基因工作做准备,以薹菜无菌苗子叶-子叶柄和下胚轴为外植体,研究了适于薹菜再生的外植体类型,以苗龄、AgNO3 的质量浓度和植物生长调节剂组合,建立了薹菜的再生体系.结果表明,5 d苗龄的子叶-子叶柄为最佳外植体材料. 筛选出最佳培养基为1/2NH4+浓度的MS+BAP 5 mg/L+ZT 2 mg/L +NAA 0.7 mg/L+AgNO3 7.5 mg/L,子叶-子叶柄再生频率达67.8%.     

生物炭对大白菜幼苗生长的影响

以2个大白菜品种为试材,在常规育苗基质中添加不同比例的花生壳生物炭或玉米秸秆生物炭,研究生物炭对大白菜幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明,生物炭添加有助于提升基质的通气性,与常规育苗基质相比增幅为 2.1%~42.1%,显着提升了C/N和速效钾含量,增幅分别为23.9%~131.2%和48.8%~297.2%,同时,生物炭添加降低了基质碱解氮与有效磷含量,降幅分别为10.4%~44.8%和7.1%~20.8%,基质毛管孔隙度降幅为14.0%~19.6%.在花生壳生物炭与常规育苗基质等体积比混合处理中,大白菜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、植株鲜干重及壮苗指数等最高,长势最佳,但出苗率最低。     

提取大白菜基因组DNA的几种方法比较

对用 SDS法、尿素法、改良 SDS法、氯化苄和 CTAB法提取的大白菜基因组DNA进行了比较。结果表明 ,改良 SDS法提取的 DNA具有典型的天然 DNA分子的标准紫外吸收光谱特点 ,其 A2 6 0 /A2 80 为 1 .7～ 1 .9,A2 6 0 /A2 30 为 1 .8～ 2 .0 ,叶片的 DNA产量为 40 0μg/g。用该法提取的大白菜 DNA适于进行 RAPD分析。     

Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers in Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis and Transferability Among Related Species

Simple sequence repeat （SSR） or microsatellite marker is a valuable tool for several purposes, such as mapping, fingerprinting, and breeding. In the present study, an intersimple sequence repeat （ISSR）-PCR technique was applied for developing SSR markers in non-heading Chinese cabbage （Brassica rapa）. A total of 190 SSRs were obtained. Among these, AG or CT （54.7%） was the most frequent repeat, followed by AC or GT （31.6%） of the microsatellites. The average number of the SSRs length array was 16 and 10 times, respectively. Based on the determined SSR sequences, 143 SSR primer pairs were designed to evaluate their transferabilities among the related species of Brassica. The number of alleles produced per marker averaged 2.91, and the polymorphism information content （PIC） value ranged from 0 to 0.863 with an average of 0.540. Monomorphism was observed in 16 primer pairs. The transferability percentage in CC genome was higher than in BB genome. More loci occurred in the BBCC genome. This result supported the hypothesis that BB genome was divergent from A and C genomes, and AA and CC genomes were relatively close. The polymorphic primers can be exploited for further evolution, fingerprinting, and variety identification.