Renal lysosomes: role in biogenesis of erythropoietin

The "light" mitochondrial pellet obtained from the kidneys of rats previously treated with Triton WR-1339 and rendered hypoxic was separated into subcellular component fractions by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in a zonal rotor. Selected fractions were pooled, disrupted by osmotic lysis and repeated freeze-thawing, and incubated in the presence and absence of normal rat serum. The incubation mixtures were assayed for erythropoiesis-stimulating activity (erythropoietin). High specific activity was identified only in fractions rich in lysosomes. Biochemical analysis of reference enzymes for the identification of lysosomes and mitochondria, supplemented by electron microscopic examination of the various separated fractions, supports the observed requirement for lysosomal constituents in the formation of erythropoietin by the kidney.     

Revisiting the role of the mother centriole in centriole biogenesis

Centrioles duplicate once in each cell division cycle through so-called templated or canonical duplication. SAK, also called PLK4 (SAK/PLK4), a kinase implicated in tumor development, is an upstream regulator of canonical biogenesis necessary for centriole formation. We found that overexpression of SAK/PLK4 could induce amplification of centrioles in Drosophila embryos and their de novo formation in unfertilized eggs. Both processes required the activity of DSAS-6 and DSAS-4, two molecules required for canonical duplication. Thus, centriole biogenesis is a template-free self-assembly process triggered and regulated by molecules that ordinarily associate with the existing centriole. The mother centriole is not a bona fide template but a platform for a set of regulatory molecules that catalyzes and regulates daughter centriole assembly.     

Mitochondrial dysfunction in the elderly: possible role in insulin resistance

Insulin resistance is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in the elderly. To investigate how insulin resistance arises, we studied healthy, lean, elderly and young participants matched for lean body mass and fat mass. Elderly study participants were markedly insulin-resistant as compared with young controls, and this resistance was attributable to reduced insulin-stimulated muscle glucose metabolism. These changes were associated with increased fat accumulation in muscle and liver tissue assessed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and with a approximately 40% reduction in mitochondrial oxidative and phosphorylation activity, as assessed by in vivo 13C/31P NMR spectroscopy. These data support the hypothesis that an age-associated decline in mitochondrial function contributes to insulin resistance in the elderly.     

Solar proton events: stratospheric sources of nitric oxide

The production of nitric oxide (NO) in the stratosphere during each of the solar proton events of November 1960, September 1966, and August 1972 is calculated to have been comparable to or larger than the total average annual production of NO by the action of galactic cosmic rays. It is therefore very important to consider the effect of solar proton events on the temporal and spatial distribution of ozone in the stratosphere. A study of ozone distribution after such events may be particularly important for validating photochemical-diffusion models.     

中药饮水剂对感染球虫后雏鸡血清一氧化氮及其合成酶的影响

为了进一步探讨中药饮水剂的抗球虫作用机制,将120只14日龄海兰褐蛋公雏,随机分为对照组(I)、感染组(Ⅱ)和中药饮水剂组(Ⅲ),每组40只。除I组外,其余每只鸡口服感染8.0×104个E.tenella孢子化卵囊,分别于感染0、3、6、9、12 d后,每组随机取鸡5只,心脏采血,用于血清一氧化氮(NO)及其合成酶(iNOS)的测定。结果表明,在感染后3 d,各组血清NO含量和iNOS活性无显著差异(P>0.05);在感染高峰期(6 d),Ⅲ组血清NO含量及iNOS活性较Ⅱ组分别降低了36.17%和14.25%,差异极显著(P<0.01),与Ⅰ组比较无显著差异(P>0.05);至感染后9 d,虽然Ⅲ组血清NO含量及iNOS活性与Ⅱ组差异不显著,但仍较其降低了12.53%和13.51%;至感染后12 d,Ⅱ组血清NO含量及iNOS活性基本恢复正常水平。结果提示:中药饮水剂通过抑杀球虫,以减少炎性因子的释放,抑制宿主细胞内iNOS活性及表达,降低血清NO含量。     

Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide consumption in polluted air: the carbon monoxide-hydroperoxyl reaction

A recent laboratory measurement of the ratio of the rate constant for the reaction CO + HO (2) --> C0(2) + OH relative to that for H + HO(2) --> 2OH indicates that the former reaction is probably faster than CO + OH --> CO(2) + H. On this basis a simple analysis is given showing that the calculated lifetime of nitric oxide in polluted atmospheres would be appreciably longer than that estimated on the assumption that the carbon monoxide-hydroperoxyl reaction may be neglected. A fast carbon monoxide-hydroperoxyl reaction implies that the cyclic consumption of carbon monoxide (an atmospheric sink) could occur even with no nitric oxide present.     

副溶血弧菌对九孔鲍血清中一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶活力的影响

为了研究感染副溶血弧菌对杂色鲍体内一氧化氮(NO)及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力的影响,分别对九孔鲍足部注射浓度为5×105CFU/mL、5×106CFU/mL和5×107CFU/mL的副溶血弧菌悬浮液(剂量为0.1 mm/只),在注射前及注射后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h9、6 h1、92 h和240 h足部取血,测定其血清中NO含量以及NOS活力的变化情况。结果表明,注射副溶血弧菌后九孔鲍血清中NO含量及NOS活力显著高于对照组,且NOS活力的最大值出现的较NO最大值早,证明注射副溶血弧菌可以诱导九孔鲍血清内NO含量和NOS活力的升高。为今后研究NO/NOS系统在软体类免疫中的作用提供一些理论依据。在生产实践中,可以通过诱导调节NO在鲍体内的含量,增强其自身的非特异性免疫功能,从而提高抵抗疾病的能力。     

一氧化氮在植物根系生长发育过程中的作用研究进展

一氧化氮作为重要的气体信号分子,在植物体内参与的生理调节和信号转导功能已经成为新的研究热点.近年来,有关NO在植物根系生长发育过程中的作用研究取得了较大进展,特别是在植物根系中NO的合成和产生、NO调节植物根系生长和发育的详细具体过程以及这些过程中参与的信号转导途径等方面.本文对植物根系中NO的产生方式、NO在调节植物...     

Cogeneration of electric energy and nitric oxide

A solid electrolyte fuel cell operating on ammonia fuel has been constructed and tested. The yield of nitric oxide can exceed 60 percent with simultaneous electric energy production. Two dimensionless numbers have been identified which govern the product selectivity and power output of this fuel cell. The cell appears to be a promising candidate for nitric acid and electric energy cogeneration.     

副溶血弧菌对九孔鲍血清中一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶活力的影响

为了研究感染副溶血弧菌对杂色鲍体内一氧化氮(NO)及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力的影响,分别对九孔鲍足部注射浓度为5×105CFU/mL、5×106CFU/mL和5×107CFU/mL的副溶血弧菌悬浮液(剂量为0.1 mm/只),在注射前及注射后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h9、6 h1、92 h和240 h足部取血,测定其血清中NO含量以及NOS活力的变化情况。结果表明,注射副溶血弧菌后九孔鲍血清中NO含量及NOS活力显著高于对照组,且NOS活力的最大值出现的较NO最大值早,证明注射副溶血弧菌可以诱导九孔鲍血清内NO含量和NOS活力的升高。为今后研究NO/NOS系统在软体类免疫中的作用提供一些理论依据。在生产实践中,可以通过诱导调节NO在鲍体内的含量,增强其自身的非特异性免疫功能,从而提高抵抗疾病的能力。     

Stress-induced inhibition of reproductive functions: role of endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor

In the adult castrated male rat, exposure to inescapable, intermittent electroshocks inhibited the pulsatile pattern of luteinizing hormone release and markedly lowered its plasma concentrations. The central administration of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonist alpha-helical ovine CRF residues 9 to 41 reversed the inhibitory action of stress. Neither its peripheral injection, nor the intraventricular injection of the inactive CRF analog des-Glu to Arg ovine CRF was effective. These results suggest that endogenous CRF may mediate some deleterious effects of noxious stimuli on reproduction.     

一氧化氮（NO）在鸡感染柔嫩艾美球虫中的作用

在感染柔嫩艾美球虫 (Eimeriatenella)的雏鸡日粮中添加NO前体物L Arg或在饮水中添加iNOS抑制剂Dex ,探讨NO在鸡感染柔嫩艾美球虫过程中的作用。结果显示 ,未感染组鸡的血浆中NO水平无明显变化 ,感染组鸡则明显升高 ,第 6天达到峰值 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;加喂L Arg组鸡与不添加的对照组NO水平基本一致 (P>0 0 5 ) ;添加Dex组鸡则明显高于不添加的对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。NO水平与卵囊感染数无相关性。加喂L Arg组鸡死亡率最低 ,增重明显 ,每克粪便卵囊数 (OPG)低 ,血粪堆数少 ,病变轻 ;而添加Dex的感染鸡 ,出现负增重和严重死亡。提示 :日粮中添加L Arg对感染球虫的鸡有明显的保护作用 ,而Dex的添加不但不能降低血浆中的NO水平 ,还使鸡对球虫的易感性增强。表明NO在球虫感染过程中可杀伤或抑制球虫 ,但NO生成过多会使宿主产生免疫病理效应而造成损伤     

一氧化氮与植物激素之间相互作用研究进展

文章主要阐述了植物中NO在一些激素如生长素、细胞分裂素、细胞脱落酸及在种子萌发和细胞程序性死亡（PCD）等调控的生理反应中的协同作用,指出NO和乙烯的比率决定着植物的成熟和衰老发生;关于NO在各种反应中内源的产生机制、NO在植物细胞和组织间的传递途径以及NO的靶分子等问题还需要进一步深入研究。并提出在植物生长发育方面,NO与植物激素功能存在着重叠,而它们之间是怎样协同发挥功能将是今后深入研究的热点方向。     

NO和水孔蛋白在小麦种子萌发中的互作效应

为探究一氧化氮(NO)和水孔蛋白(AQP)在种子萌发过程中是否存在互作效应,以小麦品种陕合6号（耐旱型）和郑引1号（干旱敏感型）为材料,研究H₂O、HgCl₂（500 μM）、PEG（PEG-8000,-0.35 MPa）、SNP（0.5 mM）、SNP+PEG、SNP+HgCl₂溶液浸种对种子萌发的影响。结果表明：SNP(NO供体)促进了抗旱品种种子的萌发,而抑制了干旱敏感品种种子的萌发;AQP在干旱敏感品种种子萌发中的作用大于抗旱品种;NO能够 解除干旱和水孔蛋白抑制剂HgCl₂对种子萌发的抑制作用;处理对吸胀种子萌发的抑制效应小于直接在处理液中萌发的抑制效应;NO对AQP的活性具有调节作用且NO和AQP的作用主要存在于种子最初吸水萌动的12 h内。     

金黄色葡萄球菌一氧化氮合酶生理功能分析

为了研究金黄色葡萄球菌一氧化氮合酶的功能和作用,克隆该基因的全长序列,在一氧化氮合酶基因缺陷菌株的基础上,构建一氧化氮合酶过表达菌株,进行表型验证,研究NO对细菌表型的影响。结果显示:一氧化氮合酶缺失使细菌自溶速率加快,抗氧化杀伤能力减弱,生物被膜生成能力降低、缺失和过表达均会影响细菌正常的生长周期和速率。外源性NO对野生菌株、敲除菌株和过表达菌株生物被膜有不同影响显示,金黄色葡萄球菌一氧化氮合酶还参与了外源性NO对生物被膜的调控。一系列表型结果表明:金黄色葡萄球菌内源性NO作用不仅仅阻断Fenton反应、增强过氧化氢酶活性,还可以作为一种信号分子调控细菌基因的转录和表达。     

卵母细胞发生阶段猪卵巢一氧化氮合酶的免疫组化定位

研究一氧化氮在猪胎儿卵母细胞发生中的作用,用免疫组化的方法检测了妊娠第33、40、46、54和61天的胎猪卵巢组织中内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的分布。结果显示两者在各时期都有表达,染色都集中在卵巢中的上皮细胞、卵原细胞、卵母细胞、固缩坏死的卵原细胞和卵母细胞的胞质部分,eNOS在血管内皮细胞上也有表达。eNOS在妊娠33 d时表达很弱,妊娠46和61 d时活性相对较高;iNOS表达较强,且呈增强趋势。各时期核固缩或退化消失的卵原细胞或卵母细胞中,eNOS和iNOS呈强阳性染色;根据以上结果说明NO可能与胎猪卵母细胞发生有关。     

Content of nitric oxide metabolites in cow milk in health and mastitis

In is shown that in health, milk contains S-nitrosothiols and nitrite is absent, which is found in the case of mastitis before the appearance of clinical signs. The physiological significance of milk S-nitrosothiols is discussed.     

Spectroscopic measurements of stratospheric nitric oxide and water vapor

Spectroscopic measurements have been made of the nitric oxide and water vapor concentrations in the stratosphere at an altitude of 28 kilometers. The measurements, carried out in situ with the use of a spin flip Raman laser, represent the first accurate determination of nitric oxide as a function of time (as the sun rose) from about 6: 30 to 14: 00 C. D. T.