共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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随畜牧业发展,草田耕作制度在中国北方和南方发展迅速,我国南方逐步形成柱花草和一年生黑麦草为主的种植模式,我国北方呈现紫花苜蓿、黑麦草及沙打旺为主的种植模式。草田耕作具有提高土壤有机质、增加氮素供给、改善土壤物理特性、维持土壤养分平衡和防止土壤侵蚀等作用。草田耕作对合理利用土地资源和实现农牧业可持续发展具有重要意义。草田耕作使用地和养地结合,实现由传统粮食/经济作物二元结构向粮食/牧草/经济作物三元结构过渡,有利于提高光、热、水和土地资源利用,提高系统生产力,达到既提高粮食产量,又提供蛋白质饲料,同时改善生态环境。同时,两种作物或牧草间作或混作可产生互补作用。 相似文献
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草田轮作中苜蓿,红豆草不同插种方式的产草量动态及栽培管理与利用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据旱作草田轮作中苜蓿、红豆草不同播种方式连续5年的产草量测定和7年的栽培试验结果,对苜蓿、红豆草不同播种方式的产出和效益进行了对比分析,提出了旱作条件下苜蓿、红豆草参与草田轮作的最佳播种方式、栽培管理技术及合理的利用年限,具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。 相似文献
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本研究通过"稻-多花黑麦草""、稻-光叶紫花苕"及"多花黑麦草+光叶紫花苕-稻-冬闲田-稻-紫云英-稻"3年轮作和"稻-燕麦"2年轮作的栽培模式试验,研究分析了牧草在冬闲田种植及其对水稻、土壤的影响。结果表明:4种模式下,多花黑麦草、光叶紫花苕、燕麦在冬闲田长势表现良好,均能获得较好的草产量,紫云英产量较低;多花黑麦草+光叶紫花苕混播产量高于多花黑麦草和光叶紫花苕单播产量。草田轮作对水稻增产具有积极作用,与对照(冬闲)相比",稻-多花黑麦草""、稻-光叶紫花苕"模式的水稻产量3年分别增收35.4%、25.4%、10.8%和25.4%、15.2%、3.1%";稻-燕麦"和"多花黑麦草+光叶紫花苕-稻-冬闲田-稻-紫云英-稻"模式的水稻产量增收10.7%和3.1%;种植多花黑麦草和光叶紫花苕的稻田土壤的pH值和有效磷含量所提升,但有机质、水解氮、速效钾、铜、锌含量略有降低,且铜、锌含量呈递减态势。 相似文献
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新发动物传染病的威胁是我们不得不面对的一个课题。近30年来,在全球范围内累计发现了40余种人类新发病,其中近80%来源于动物。人感染禽流感、疯牛病、SARS、尼帕病、北美西尼罗河热、裂谷热、猪链球菌II型等均属此类;另外,还有20多种仅对动物致病的传染病, 相似文献
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本文陈述了猪粪的营养学特性及施猪粪水体存在的主要食物链,阐述了该水体的主养鱼种类及适宜的猪鱼配比,并讨论了养鱼水体受粪力影响因素及猪粪养鱼的社会安全性等问题。 相似文献
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介绍了国际草地会议的历史及其对世界草地科技发展的影响,内容包括:会议起源,历届会议概况和历史情节,世界草地科技发展的地域差异,草地科技发展的时代特征,国际天然牧地会议与国际草地会议的关系,国际草地会议对世界草地学术组织、草地农业发展和草地学家成长的影响,国际草地会议和国际天然牧地会议对我国草地科技的影响和启示。 相似文献
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我国南方自然保护区集体林比重较大,生物多样性保护与社区发展的矛盾突出。运用威胁因素分析方法掌握自然保护区主要保护对象的状况以及保护区与社区矛盾所在,针对性地采取适应性管理措施,是提高自然保护区保护管理水平的重要手段。本文以湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区为例,用头脑风暴等方法找出主要保护对象面临的威胁因素,用矩阵分析等方法对各种威胁因素进行威胁程度排序,用逻辑框架的方法找出威胁因素产生的原因、危害方式、危害区域。经过分析,该自然保护区主要保护对象面临的威胁因素按照威胁程度从高到低为:林火隐患,薪柴采集,偷猎和非法猎捕,道路建设,非法采伐林木,非法旅游,非法采集,放牧。针对这些威胁因素,提出了运行机制、管理体制、政策和技术支撑、人力和资金保障等方面的对策建议。 相似文献
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我国草田轮作的历史、理论与实践概览 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
大力推行草田轮作对我国农业结构调整及农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究概括了我国从作物连作制出现到草田轮作的发展历史;归纳了草田轮作的增产、减少病虫害及杂草危害、改土肥田、保持水土等生态效益和经济效益;总结了我国南亚热带地区“黑麦草→水稻”轮作等7个主要草田轮作模式;以草地农业理论为指导,结合我国粮食安全、农业结构调整、水土保持和农牧民致富需求阐述了大力推行草田轮作的现实必要性;从政策保障、理论指导和技术支撑3个方面论述了实行草田轮作的可行性;分析了我国2次“种草高潮”的经验得失,提出了今后应重点加强农业结构优化研究、草田轮作模式构建与示范以及满足草田轮作需要的作物及牧草品种选育等建议。 相似文献
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Kondombo SR Nianogo AJ Kwakkel RP Udo HM Slingerland M 《Tropical animal health and production》2003,35(6):563-574
This study aimed to describe and compare village chicken production in two farming systems in Burkina Faso. The systems were those in which crops and livestock production were, respectively, the most important. A rapid rural appraisal preceded a monitoring study in which data were collected fortnightly for 2 months. The study revealed that village chickens are used as sacrifices, gifts and objects of exchange for traditional medicine, or are sold for a little money under both systems. Chicken production is a free-range procedure in both farming systems, but there are differences in management. On average, the flock size was 33.5±3 birds, of which 57% were chicks. During the period of 2 months in the rainy season, the overall mortality was relatively low (8.8%±1.5) but mortality in chicks was high (31.7%). The main cause of financial loss in the village chickens was mortality, which represented up to 84% of the total exits. The hatching rate and mortality in young chicks differed significantly (p<0.05) between the two farming systems. 相似文献
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The Productivity of Small Animal Species in Small-scale Mixed Farming Systems in Subtropical Bolivia
The productivity of the scavenging, small animal species (chickens, ducks, pigs, hair sheep and guinea-pigs) commonly found on small-scale farms at the forest margin in subtropical Bolivia was monitored over a full year. Chickens and guinea-pigs were kept mainly for home consumption, while ducks and pigs were kept mainly for sale. Sheep served both purposes, depending upon the family requirements. In the absence of veterinary treatment, the productivity varied greatly between farms. Pigs gave the greatest gross return, but received the largest amount of supplementary feed. Under the existing system, chickens, ducks and sheep all gave similar gross returns per breeding female, although chickens produced good returns and made a large contribution to the family diet where the reproductive efficiency was high and the chick mortality was low. Mortality resulting from disease was a major problem in poultry, while internal parasites appeared to be important limiting factors in pigs and sheep. Guinea-pigs showed no major problems apart from theft, and were an important dietary component for immigrant families from the highlands of the country. Small animal species have largely been ignored by agricultural research and development activities in Bolivia and elsewhere. They currently make significant contributions to the livelihoods of poor people in terms of both income and food security, and this could be greatly increased by simple improvements in animal husbandry. 相似文献