番茄黄化曲叶病毒与番茄褪绿病毒复合侵染对番茄黄化曲叶病毒传播的影响

番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV)是一种由烟粉虱传播的单链环状DNA病毒, 在田间可与多种病毒发生复合侵染, 如番茄褪绿病毒(tomato chlorosis virus, ToCV)等?本文对比了TYLCV单独侵染和TYLCV与ToCV复合侵染对烟粉虱获取和传播TYLCV的影响?结果表明, 与取食TYLCV单独侵染的番茄相比, 取食复合侵染番茄的烟粉虱对TYLCV的传毒率显著提高, 且番茄植株和烟粉虱体内TYLCV的病毒积累量也显著提高?试验结果说明复合侵染会提高烟粉虱的传毒率, 促进TYLCV的发生与流行?     

Detection and molecular characterization of viruses associated with tomato yellow leaf curl disease in cucurbit crops in Jordan

In this study, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) and the strains Israel and Mild of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV-IL, TYLCV-Mld) were detected for the first time in four cucurbit crops in Jordan by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). These viruses cause the tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) in tomato. Cucumber, squash, melon and watermelon plants inoculated with TYLCV-IL[JO:Cuc], TYLCV-Mld, TYLCSV-IT[IT:Sar:88] and the Jordanian isolate of TYLCV (TYLCV-JV) did not show disease symptoms. However, virus-specific fragments were detected in uppermost leaves of symptomless plants by nPCR. A whitefly transmission test showed that Bemisia tabaci could transmit TYLCV-Mld from cucumber into tomato and jimsonweed plants. However, all infected tomato plants remained symptomless. In addition, results of semi-quantitative PCR (sqPCR) analysis showed that the relative amount of TYLCV-Mld DNA acquired by B. tabaci from cucumber plants was less than that acquired from tomato plants.     

Detection of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in imported tomato fruit in northern Europe

Imported tomato fruits infected with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) were identified on the market in northern Europe using paper‐based FTA Classic Cards (Whatman), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and partial DNA sequence analysis. Trade tomatoes originating from southern Europe, Africa and the Middle East were sampled in Estonia and Sweden, and tested for infection with begomoviruses. Out of 100 batches analysed with five fruits sampled in each batch (58 batches from Estonia and 42 from Sweden), 20 batches were positive (16 from Estonia and four from Sweden). Rolling circle amplification (RCA) and full‐length genome sequence analysis of one isolate collected in Estonia and one isolate in Sweden, revealed highest nucleotide sequence identity at 99% to TYLCV‐IL for the Estonian isolate and at 97% to TYLCV‐Mld for the Swedish isolate. In this study, TYLCV was identified for the first time in imported tomato fruits on the market in northern Europe. FTA cards proved to be an effective means to collect, extract and store begomovirus DNA from tomato fruits and the subsequent molecular analysis.     

Cultural management of tomato yellow leaf curl disease in Cyprus

Cultural management of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) by roguing old, overwintered tomato crops was investigated in a small, isolated production centre in the southern coastal zone of Cyprus. Control measures were applied on an area-wide basis during March-April, before emergence of adult whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci Genn.) vectors, for three consecutive years (1980-82). In all three years, primary virus spread to spring plantings was almost completely prevented, while further secondary spread to summer plantings was kept below 5%, compared with 40-50% in 1978 and 1979. When control measures were discontinued disease incidence increased to 15% in 1983 and 40% in 1984. The disease could also be controlled by early transplanting in the spring or by late transplanting in the autumn. Several cultural practices were evaluated to prevent or reduce infection of seedlings before transplanting. Seedlings produced in the summer in a coastal region were infected by TYLCV (virus incidence 7-42%), with a higher incidence in seedbeds situated near infected tomato crops. Infection was significantly reduced by covering seedbeds with an insect-proof tunnel, and was completely prevented by producing seedlings in inland areas, where no commercial tomato crops were grown. The use of healthy transplants delayed subsequent disease development in the field but had little effect on final disease incidence.     

Breeding tomatoes for resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl begomovirus

Tomato yellow leaf curl begomovirus (TYLCV) can be devastating to tomato crops in tropical and subtropical regions. The development of resistant cultivars is the best option for the control of TYLCV. The TYLCV-resistance level of a new breeding line, TY172, alongside that of commercial cultivars known to be resistant to the virus, was evaluated in a field test by comparing the yield performance of inoculated plants with that of uninoculated plants of the same line or cultivar. There were substantial differences among the different entries tested in the extent of yield loss relative to the corresponding uninoculated control plants. This comparison between inoculated and uninoculated plants of the same entry provides a quantitative assay for resistance level. All resistant commercial cultivars tested developed different levels of disease symptoms. Only line TY172 showed no symptoms of the disease. A low level of viral DNA was detected in infected TY172, showing that it is a symptomless carrier of TYLCV. When TY172 was crossed with susceptible lines, the hybrids exhibited milder symptoms than the susceptible parent, yet higher than that of TY172, suggesting a partial dominance for TY172 resistance. Upon inoculation of F₂ populations, the amount of symptomless individuals appeared in a ratio approximating 7:64. This suggests that at least three genes appear to account for the resistance.     

2009年河北省番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发生危害和分布

2009年,河北省主要番茄种植区发生一种疑似番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的新病害。本文在田间调查、取样的基础上,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ID-ELISA)方法对病原进行鉴定,明确了番茄黄化曲叶病在河北省的分布与危害:至2009年9月,番茄黄化曲叶病毒病已在河北省南部的邯郸、邢台和石家庄,中部的保定和衡水等地严重发生,河北省中北部廊坊、沧州南部靠近衡水的部分地市亦零星发生此病害,应用TYLCV检测试剂盒检测的29个品种58个标样A405值达到2.1～7.5。唐山、承德地区尚未发现番茄黄化曲叶病的危害,4个县市9个番茄品种检测结果均呈阴性。     

Detection of Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus in Tunisia

Surveys were undertaken for tomato yellow leaf curl viruses in the main Tunisian tomato-growing areas in fields and plastic houses. Symptoms included yellowing, leaf curling and stunting. Collected samples were submitted to molecular analysis using two approaches: (1) hybridization tests with two DNA probes corresponding to an intergenic region derived from a cloned dimer of an Egyptian full-length TYLCV and to the coat region of a Tunisian TYLCV isolate; (2) PCR amplification coupled to RFLP allowing both identification and clustering of Tunisian isolates. Only Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus was detected in Tunisia.     

Epidemiology of tomato yellow leaf curl begomovirus in the Fayium area, Egypt

Tomato yellow leaf curl begomovirus (TYLCV) severely invaded tomato plantations in Egypt (Lower and Middle Egypt) in 1989. This study aimed to discover the relationship between TYLCV and other epidemic-associated factors in the Fayium area. The rate of TYLCV infection was inspected visually for three successive years (1994/1996) in the Fayium area. During the same period, whiteflies were collected for virus detection using bait-plant and DNA hybridization techniques. DAS-ELISA was used to detect mixed virus infections in tomato plants. TYLCV infection was prevalent (60–68%) and severe (2.1–3.0) in the Fayium fields. Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) was found in some fields (5–28%) with moderate severity (1.0–20). Potato Y potyvirus (PVY) and potato leaf roll polerovirus (PLRV) were found in few fields (5–19% and 5% respectively) at very low severity. There was a negative correlation between TYLCV occurrence and distance from the source of infection, and a positive correlation (98%) between TYLCV intensity and percentage of viruliferous whiteflies in 1994 and 1995. There was no positive correlation between TYLCV and the total population of whiteflies caught during the same period. Five percent of viruliferous whiteflies, as proved by cDNA hybridization, led to 46% TYLCV infection. The same percentage of whiteflies, as shown by bioassay, led to 68% TYLCV infection. Monitoring of viruliferous whiteflies could be used for early prediction of TYLCV infection.     

不同番茄品种对番茄黄化曲叶病毒的抗病性鉴定

为评估生产上常用番茄栽培品种对番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)的抗性水平,采用田间大棚自然传毒的方式,通过对各品种的发病时间、发病率及病情指数等参数的比较,结合PCR及ELISA对TYLCV的检测结果,综合分析了20个番茄品种对番茄黄化曲叶病毒的抗病性。不同品种对番茄黄化曲叶病毒的抗性差异较大,试验筛选出仙客6号和金棚1号2份感病材料,发病率和病情指数在90%和60.9以上;佳红8号、10-秋展47和红罗曼2号3份高抗材料,发病率和病情指数均为0;其它表现不同程度抗、耐病水平的材料15份,发病率和病情指数分别在10.0%～85.0%和1.0～40.6之间。     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病暴发原因分析及防控对策

<正>番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)为双生病毒科(Geminniviridae)菜豆金色花叶病毒属(Begomovirus)成员[1]。该类病毒通过B型烟粉虱和Q型烟粉虱进行传播,同时可经嫁     

Comparison of the reaction of tomato lines to infection by tomato yellow leaf curl begomovirus in Lebanon

Tomato yellow leaf curl begomovirus (TYLCV), transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci , is epidemic in Africa, the Middle East and South-East Asia. It is also reported in some European countries and the American continent. In Lebanon, it is the major limiting factor for summer and autumn production of tomato. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence in the intergenic region with other reported leaf curl viruses showed the Lebanese TYLCV isolate to be closely related to Egyptian, Israeli and Jamaican isolates (94–96% identity). However, it is not closely related to isolates from Sardinia, Spain and Thailand, or to tomato leaf curl isolates from India, Taiwan and Australia. In field and greenhouse screening tests conducted for 5 years on 67 tomato lines, several were identified as promising. TY-Carla, PSR and RS lines were among the most promising with determinate growth, while S&G 143 and the DR lines were the most promising with semi-determinate and indeterminate growth, respectively. Virus concentrations in most, but not all, tolerant tomato lines were significantly lower than in the susceptible lines. None of the lines tested was immune to the virus. A survey of TYLCV alternative hosts on at least 58 plant species, using nucleic acid hybridization, showed that Amaranthus sp., Malva sp., Sonchus oleraceus , Plantago sp., Solanum melongena , Phaseolus vulgaris and Mercurialis annua may play an important role in the epidemiology of TYLCV in Lebanon. Mercurialis annua is a newly reported host for TYLCV.     

Quantitation over time of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus DNA in its whitefly vector

ABSTRACT The amount of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV) DNA that accumulated in the vector Bemisia tabaci was studied by quantitative chemiluminescent dot-blot assay, using digoxigenin-labeled specific DNA probes. Large groups of female whiteflies were allowed to feed for 4, 12, 24, or 48 h on TYLCV-infected tomato plants and then were transferred to TYLCV-immune cucumber plants. Insects were sampled at different times during and after acquisition access and tested for TYLCV-DNA content. TYLCV-DNA assays were done either on whole insects oron the head plus prothorax (to include salivary glands) and abdomen separately. The maximum amount of TYLCV DNA, averaging from 0.5 to 1.6 ng per insect, was always attained at the end of the acquisition period. The mean amount then decreased by about 1 to 2% per day, remaining clearly detectable up to 20 days after the end of the acquisition period. Only some whiteflies that were TYLCV-positive in the abdomen were positive for head plus prothorax. In both parts of the body, TYLCV DNA remained detectable up to 18 days after the end of the acquisition period, showing that TYLCV DNA remains in insect tissues much longer than infectivity indicates.     

Chlorophyll content of tomato yellow leaf curl virus-infected tomatoes in relation to virus resistance

A good association was found between chlorophyll content of TYLCV-infected tomato lines and individual F₂ plants, and their TYLCV resistance which was evaluated visually. Moreover, by examining the resistance of the F₃ progeny it was demonstrated that determination of chlorophyll content provided an earlier and more precise quantitative evaluation of resistance than visual evaluation. The chlorophyll test is simple and useful for studying virus-vector-plant interactions and estimating TYLCV resistance in extensive breeding programs.     

侵染新疆加工番茄的中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒 DNA-A的基因组特征

 从新疆加工番茄上分离到病毒分离物XJ26-4,对其基因组DNA-A 全序列测定表明,XJ26-4 DNA-A 全长2 737 个核苷酸(GenBank 登录号:FN985163),具有典型的双生病毒基因组特征。进一步序列比较发现,XJ26-4 DNA-A 与中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus, TYLCCNV)各分离物的同源性最高,达到91. 2% ~ 99. 5% ,而与其他双生病毒的序列相似性均在79. 5% 以下,表明XJ26-4 是TYLCCNV 的一个分离物。这是首次明确新疆加工番茄受到粉虱传双生病毒的侵染。     

侵染假酸浆的泰国番茄黄化曲叶病毒全基因组结构特征

为明确假酸浆Nicandra physalodes叶片黄化、皱缩症状是否由菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒侵染引起,本研究利用分子检测方法和生物信息学技术鉴定了假酸浆样品中的病毒种类。从采集的病样中克隆并获得了2条菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒DNA-A全序列和1条beta卫星全序列,经全序列分析发现,该双生病毒的两条DNA-A全序列与泰国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus, TYLCTHV)云南分离物TYLCTHV-YN1732一致性最高,达99.3%,亲缘关系较近;beta卫星的全序列与云南番茄曲叶beta卫星(tomato leaf curl Yunnan betasatellite, TLCYnB)的分离物YN5230一致性最高,达99.3%,亲缘关系较近。重组分析显示,假酸浆上分离的TYLCTHV-YN5735-12是一个重组病毒,有两个重组事件,一个主要发生在AV1的编码区,由中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl China virus, TYLCCNV)和广西大戟曲叶病毒(euphorbia lea...     

陕西省早春茬番茄定植时间与番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发生的关系

为了明确早春茬番茄定植时间与番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发生的关系,采取小区对比试验对不同定植时间下番茄上烟粉虱种群消长动态、番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发病株率、发病程度及番茄产量和经济效益等进行了系统调查。结果表明:番茄田烟粉虱种群消长动态在年度间基本相同,4月上旬始见,5月中旬达到高峰,烟粉虱发生后15 d左右出现番茄黄化曲叶病毒病症状。4月上旬以前定植番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发生较轻,单位面积产量和经济效益较高,4月上旬以后定植发病较重,产量和经济效益较低。定植时间(X_1)与番茄黄化曲叶病毒发病株率(Y_1)及病情指数(Y_2)均呈显著正相关,其相关关系为Y_1=1.470 4X_1+7.947 2,Y_2=0.876 7X_1-6.441 7。生产实践中采取双膜或三膜覆盖栽培等措施适当提早定植,避免番茄感病期与烟粉虱发生高峰期相遇,在不使用任何防治措施下,可有效预防番茄黄化曲叶病毒病暴发成灾。     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒北京分离物侵染性克隆的构建与其致病性

为明确番茄黄化曲叶病毒北京分离物（Beijing isolate of tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV-BJ）致病性的强弱,以感染TYLCV-BJ的番茄叶片DNA为模板PCR扩增获得该分离物基因组全长序列,并构建该分离物的侵染性克隆,将其分别接种到番茄、烟草和拟南芥植株上,比较该分离物和TYLCV上海分离物2(TYLCV-Shanghai 2,TYLCV-SH2)致病性的差异。结果显示,该分离物基因组全长序列同TYLCV-SH2的相似度为99.03%,在番茄和烟草植株上TYLCV-BJ比TYLCV-SH2发病更早,症状更重,TYLCV DNA和外壳蛋白积累量更高。TYLCV-BJ可以通过农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens注射法在拟南芥中复制和系统侵染,而TYLCV-SH2不能有效侵染拟南芥。表明TYLCV-BJ的致病性强于TYLCV-SH2,所建立的侵染性克隆有广泛的研究和应用价值。     

南疆温室番茄黄化曲叶病病毒种类的分子鉴定

为明确南疆温室番茄黄化曲叶病的病毒种类,利用双生病毒的兼并引物通过PCR扩增,对采集的20个番茄病株进行了分子检测.从20个病株中均扩增到约500 bp的目标片段,对其中4株进行克隆和测序,其相互间序列同源性为97.1％ ～99.3％,与番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)的同源性较高,为98.6％ ～ 99.5％.随机选取莎车分离物KS2-5进行全基因组的克隆和测序,KS2-5 DNA全长为2781 nt(序列号:JQ807735),具有典型的双生病毒基因组特征,与TYLCV其它分离物同源性达到98.9％～99.5％,而与其它粉虱传双生病毒的序列同源性较低,为68.3％ ～75.5％,表明危害南疆温室番茄的病毒种类为番茄黄化曲叶病毒TYLCV.