丹麦水貂养殖业考察见闻

通过对丹麦哥本哈根毛皮中心、哥本哈根诊断实验室、水貂农场、饲料厨房的考察,以及哥本哈根毛皮中心、丹麦毛皮动物养殖协会、农场主及饲料厨房管理人员对丹麦水貂养殖和管理情况的介绍,对丹麦水貂养殖业有了更深一步的认识,丹麦先进的水貂养殖与管理经验,对我国迅速发展的水貂养殖业具有借鉴意义。     

北欧的毛皮业

北欧主要指位于斯堪的纳维亚半岛上的挪威,瑞典,芬兰和丹麦,由于其独特的地理位置,北欧毛皮兽养殖业和销售业已跃居世界之首,创造出特有的优质毛皮品牌。北欧四国独特的地理位置挪队叶1”比欧斯堪的呐XHF丫．’已1）、比耶山［润或做民间M门｝八h卜海岸线KVZ入h［1冰山人听堪的’11叫。Z］。］］脉0踞沿海大问处松叩卜旧了海受l人师对暖流于门向。较同纬度其它地／人吸。人都X海而个纤；冰。渔类资源h，常卞法入ZfR了优质蛋广1成h阶、．卜北欧斯堪的纳维、m一个I积约h八h；河出线长达芬狮队。11。北青K九；句地的尼l厂2倾斜的论什干高…     

北欧四国禽蛋、肉产量、进口及消费情况

丹麦、芬兰、挪威、瑞典等北欧四国,丹麦禽业发展较为突出。丹麦禽肉产量比其     

北欧的草坪科学与草坪业——访问瑞典和丹麦之感

<正> 北欧包括瑞典、丹麦、芬兰、挪威、冰岛等国,是世界和平富裕,社会福利较好的地区之一。其草坪科学和草坪业非常发达,有着较为悠久的历史。 本人受瑞典国家发展与投资协会、SVALOFWEIBULL AB公司和丹麦DLFTRIFOLIUM A/S的邀请,于1995年9月2日至10月29日拜访了北欧很有代表性的两个国家——瑞典和丹麦,参观和访问了有关种子生产农户、种子处理工厂、种子销售     

金州珍贵毛皮动物公司简介

金 州珍贵毛皮动物公司水貂场　是辽宁华曦集团公司的直属企业 ,也是全国惟一的国营水貂场。金 州水貂场　始建于 1 95 8年 ,占地面积 1 3 5ｍ2 ,固定资产 490 0万元 ,流动资产1 660万元。主要饲养水貂、狐、貉、紫貂、艾虎等珍贵毛皮动物。其中水貂种兽存栏 2万头 ,年产仔貂 7万余头。主要品种有 2 0 0 3年引进的纯种美国短毛漆黑貂 2 668头 ;金州黑色标准水貂 1 1 0 0 0头 ;1 999年从丹麦引进的深棕色、浅棕色、红眼白水貂 2 0 0 0头 ,深受国内外客户喜爱。种兽存栏量较少的银兰貂、珍珠貂 30 0 0头 ;蓝宝石、吉林白、黑十字、米黄色貂共…     

年内裘皮涨价可能性不大

由于"暖冬"和俄罗斯打击灰色清关,限制外国商人在俄开展零售业务,以及人民币升值、裘皮出口降低退税率,我国水貂皮、貉皮、狐皮产量增加过快,今年2月份,西、北欧毛皮拍卖会貂皮价格下跌15%～20%,拍卖量大减.另外,丹麦、挪威、芬兰等国存有较大数量的貂皮、狐皮等裘皮产品待售,这些因素对于我国的裘皮市场造成了很大的冲击,持续了几年的裘皮"牛"市开始降温.     

瑞典、丹麦、荷兰、英国、瑞士畜牧业概况

瑞典、丹麦、荷兰、英国、瑞士是北欧和西欧畜牧业比较发达的国家。现将达五个国家的畜牧业情况作出概略的介绍。一、畜牧业生产面貌和发展趋势(一)一般情况这五个国家的农业情况虽不相同,但有共共同点,即农业基本是以发展畜牧业为主。     

中国特种毛皮动物养殖可持续发展的建议

目前,中国已经成为世界上较大的毛皮生产国和成品出口国,但应看到我国在特种毛皮动物养殖业上与北欧、北美等国还存在差距,如何缩短这些差距,引进国际上的成功经验和先进技术并消化吸收,对促进中国特     

河北省毛皮特养业发展现状及前景

近年来，欧美国家受高价劳动力和动物权利保护意识的影响，许多国家限制和禁止毛皮动物的饲养。丹麦等北欧国家因为农业不发达，耕地面积少，气候寒冷，毛皮动物粪便缺乏直接的处理市场，造成了环境污染，饲养受到限制。中国政府支持和鼓励发展养殖业，广大农民发展毛皮动物养殖业积极性很高。预测未来5-10年间，中国水貂皮产量将会达到1300多万张、狐狸皮产量达到250万张，中国将逐步成为一个新的国际裘皮饲养、加工和消费中心。     

毛皮动物养殖如何突破瓶颈

目前我国毛皮动物（貂、狐、貉）皮张市场行情稳定,部分优质皮张价格较高。但要实现盈利,还需要了解我国毛皮动物行业的特点和问题。（一）我国毛皮动物养殖业存在的问题1.优良品种毛皮动物养殖比例小。良种在毛皮动物养殖业经济效益上的贡献占到近50%,优良品种,如芬兰狐、丹麦水貂、美国短毛黑水貂等,皮张较大、质量好,     

水貂自咬症病因的分子遗传研究

自咬症是笼养毛皮动物水貂、狐狸的常见病,严重影响着毛皮质量,然而其发病原因一直未得以明确。作者初步从分子遗传学角度探讨了水貂自咬症的发病原因。采用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术分别对正常水貂组和自咬水貂组进行了遗传基因差异上的比对分析。从100个随机引物中筛选出40个重复性好的多态引物,提取水貂健康与患病群体DNA各40个,随机抽取10个构建基因池,进行RAPD标记研究。挑选出在健康组与患病组差异明显的S103引物（序列为AGACGTCCAC）并对其进行克隆,将克隆结果交上海生工生物有限公司测序。引物S103扩增出健康与患病水貂的特异条带,仅在患病水貂组中发现750 bp左右的DNA片段,而在健康组中发现600 bp左右的特异片段。此两条特异片段可初步作为区分健康和患病水貂群体的分子遗传标记,为进一步对水貂自咬症的深入研究奠定了基础。     

国内外毛皮市场现状及我国建立国际毛皮拍卖市场的必要性

主要综述了我国毛皮动物养殖业的资源优势,毛皮动物生产、贸易、销售及裘皮消费市场的现状,同时介绍了国内外毛皮拍卖市场的现状,提出了我国建立国际毛皮拍卖市场的必要性。     

中国马鹿的研究现状及展望

马鹿在世界上主要分布于欧洲南部和中部、北美洲、非洲北部、亚洲的俄罗斯东部、蒙古、朝鲜和喜马拉雅山地区,在中国马鹿有8个亚种,主要分布在东北、华北、西北及西南等地。本文根据文献资料系统地总结了中国马鹿的研究现状,展望了马鹿需要研究的问题,为中国马鹿的保护及科研活动开展提供依据。     

Molecular evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of a highly pathogenic fish rhabdovirus, the spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV)

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), which causes an acute hemorrhagic and highly contagious disease in cyprinids, was first described in Europe and subsequently reported in parts of Asia and North America. SVCV can be classified into four genogroups: Ia, Ib, Ic, and Id. While Ia and Id have wide circulation and are reported to cause outbreaks in North America and Europe, respectively, Ib and Ic were last reported in the 1980s. We used a Bayesian framework to determine the nucleotide substitution rates, relative genetic diversity, and time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of SVCV using large sets of sequences of the phosphoprotein and glycoprotein (G) genes. The sampled genetic diversities of Ia and Id were found to have arisen during the year 1996 (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1986-1998) and 1957 (1926-1972), respectively, with consistent results across the two genes. The TMRCA for SVCV was estimated to have been around 1850 (1727-1938). The substitution rate for Ia is at least 5-7 times higher than that of Id. The rate of nonsynonymous (dn) to synonymous (ds) substitutions (dn/ds=ω) for the G gene of Ia (ω=0.608) is significantly higher than that of Id (ω=0.0749), indicating both exhibit distinct selection profiles. The SVCV population experienced a bottleneck during the early 1990 s followed by a sudden rebound, primarily due to the sudden increase in genetic variants in Ia and Id, which coincided with the timing of a recent series of outbreaks reported in Europe and North America.     

Further biological, serological and biochemical characterization of North American, European and Southeast Asian strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 compared with other alphaherpesvirinae members

Hemagglutination activity, structural protein profiles and neutralization assays were used in a comparative study of bovine herpesvirus 1 strains from the U.S.A., Canada, Great Britain, Denmark and Malaysia with equine, feline and human herpesviruses in order to further characterize the bovine herpesvirus 1 hemagglutinin. Bovine herpesvirus 1 strains of different geographical origins all showed hemagglutinating activity for mouse erythrocytes; furthermore, feline herpesvirus 1 was also shown to hemagglutinate mouse erythrocytes. Analyses of partly purified viruses showed that a distinctive and specific polypeptides profile is associated with each species of herpesviruses used in our study; strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 from North America, Europe and Southeast Asia however, presented a remarkable similarity as to their electrophoretic protein patterns. A protein similar to the 97-kDa bovine viral hemagglutinin was not identified with the hemagglutinating feline herpesvirus. An important neutralization epitope on the bovine viral hemagglutinin was also not found on feline, equine and human herpesviruses but was identified on all bovine strains tested from North America, Europe and Southeast Asia stressing the importance of the bovine hemagglutinin for eventual prophylactic purposes.     

O-serotyping of Yersinia ruckeri with special emphasis on European isolates.

Yersinia ruckeri is the aetiological agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM), an acute to chronic bacteraemic infection of salmonid fish. The O-serotypes of 127 isolates of Y. ruckeri obtained from Europe (96 isolates), North America (23 isolates), Australia (six isolates) and South Africa (two isolates), as well as four reference strains, were determined by slide agglutination test and microplate agglutination assay. A serotyping scheme is proposed based on heat-stable O-antigens; the serotypes were designated O1, O2, O5, O6 and O7. The proposed scheme is compared to serotyping schemes described by other authors. All five O-serotypes were present in both Europe and North America, whereas only serotype O1 isolates were identified in Australia and South Africa. These findings suggest that European and North American populations of Y. ruckeri are interrelated, thus supporting previous evidence which suggests that the organism was introduced into Europe from North America by the importation of asymptomatic infected carrier fish. Conversely, the results suggest that Australia and South Africa are more isolated from the dissemination of Y. ruckeri. Serotypes O5, O6 and O7 have not previously been recognized in Europe and these findings will have important implications on the diagnosis of ERM and on the vaccination of fish against this disease. It is suggested that the Australian isolate previously described as serotype III is a rough-type mutant and that other isolates described in the literature as serotype III have been incorrectly serotyped and are, in fact, serotype O1. To avoid further confusion it is suggested that the scheme described here be adopted for serological studies of Y. ruckeri.     

金州黑色标准水貂的选育

金州黑色标准水貂是以美国标准水貂为父本 ,丹麦标准水貂为母本 ,选育而成的水貂优良新品种 ,它具有高产、优质、低耗、适应性强的特点 ,发展前景广阔。     

Agar gel immunodiffusion test for the detection of bovine leukemia virus antibodies: lack of trans-Atlantic standardization.

Two agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) kits for the serodiagnosis of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) were imported from Europe and were compared with North American kits. The BLV AGID kits from North America and from Europe differed significantly. The punches were different, as were the pattern distribution in the agar of the reference and the test sera, resulting in differences in the reading of the immunoprecipitation lines. Based on the testing of 1200 serum samples from cattle, the European kits gave a good correlation with the American kits, as indicated by their respective kappa values. However, the European kits were found to be less sensitive when evaluated against weakly positive samples from field specimens or following a dilution trial. Only 65% and 50% of the weakly positive samples detected by the American kit #1 were detected by the European kits #2 and #3, respectively. The American kit was also capable of detecting BLV antibodies in 45% of strongly positive samples diluted 1/50 in negative sera, while antibodies were detected in only 15% of the samples with the European kit #2 and in none of the samples with the European kit #3. False negatives were also detected with the European kits. Among the false negatives, the degree of expected reactions was weak (European kit #2) or of varying degrees of positivity (European kit #3). Besides the differences in format and performance, the BLV-AGID kits in Europe are evaluated with the National Standard Serum E4 while a proficiency panel composed of a quadruplicate set of 10 reference sera is used in Canada to monitor the kits. Based on the overall observations, we noted a lack of standardization between the BLV-AGID kits used in North America and in Europe.     

国外鹿科动物的寄生虫病研究概况

对引起世界各地尤其是北美洲和欧洲的鹿科动物寄生虫病的多种内寄生虫及外寄生虫进行了介绍。