不同苜蓿品种对主要苜蓿病害的田间抗病性调查

以田间发病率和病情指数为指标,在甘肃榆中县品种比较试验田,对12个紫花苜蓿(Medica-go sativa)品种进行了抗霜霉病(Peronospora estioalis)、白粉病(Leueillula leguminosarum)、褐斑病(Pseudopeziza medicaginis)的调查。结果表明,不同苜蓿品种对抗霜霉病的表现为甘农5号、苜蓿王、驯鹿、游客、中兰1号的病情指数分别为8.1、8.1、8.0、2.5、1.1,属高抗品种;哥萨克的病情指数为45.0,发病率为75.6%,属高感品种。对抗白粉病的表现,驯鹿的病情指数4.2,为高抗品种;阿尔冈金、甘农5号为抗性品种;而哥萨克、苜蓿王、德宝的病情指数分别为25.6,23.9和15.6,均属感病品种。对抗褐斑病的表现,新疆大叶、甘农3号、皇后的发病率分别为90.0%,88.9%和76.7%,为高感品种。     

马立克氏病的发病机理及马立克氏病疫苗的免疫机理

本文综述了马立克氏病（MD）的发病机理和MD疫苗的免疫机制，表明IFN-γ的NO在MD致病机理中具有重要作用，它们在MDV溶细胞感染过程和潜伏感染过程中抑制了病毒的复制；特异性和非特异性免疫反应参与了疫苗免疫的过程，细胞毒性T细胞（CTLs）在特异性免疫反应中具有特别重要的作用。     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、传染性法氏囊病三联弱毒疫苗的试制

用同胚培养的鸡新城疫Lasota株和传染性支气管炎H120（或H52）株以及用鸡胚成纤维细胞增殖的传染性法氏囊弱毒株以适当比例混合为抗原,用蔗糖脱脂乳作保护剂,经真空冷冻干燥制成三联弱毒疫苗。通过三批疫苗室内外各项指标的测试,表明该三联疫苗安全性能可靠,免疫效果确实,使用方法简便。在实验室进行的物理性状检验、无茵检验、支原体检验、剩余水分检验、真空度检查均符合国家标准;用10倍大剂量接种15日龄雏鸡无不良反应;以常规量颈部皮下接种免疫后,7d产生免疫力,免疫后14d抗鸡新城疫、鸡传染性支气管炎、鸡传染性法氏囊病三株强毒攻击的保护率均为,100％。对15日龄雏鸡首免,其免疫期至少为30d,在-25℃保存期为1年。     

Clinical Efficacy of Sildenafil in Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Dogs

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in dogs carries a poor prognosis. Sildenafil increases exercise capacity and improves hemodynamics in people with PAH. Hypothesis/Objectives: Dogs receiving sildenafil will have lower pulmonary arterial pressure, increased exercise capacity, and better quality of life (QOL) than dogs receiving placebo. Animals: Thirteen dogs with echocardiographic evidence of PAH. Methods: Prospective short‐term, randomized, placebo controlled, double‐blind, crossover study. Dogs with PAH were randomly allocated to receive sildenafil or placebo for 4 weeks, followed by the alternative treatment for 4 weeks. Results: Dogs receiving sildenafil had a significantly lower estimated pulmonary arterial pressure (median, 56 mmHg; range, 34–83 mmHg) than at baseline (median, 72 mmHg; range, 61–86 mmHg; P= .018), but not significantly lower than those receiving placebo (median, 62 mmHg; range, 49–197 mmHg). Exercise capacity was significantly greater in dogs receiving sildenafil than those receiving placebo (mean activity count per minute: 101 ± 47 versus 74 ± 32; P= .05). QOL scores were significantly higher in dogs receiving sildenafil than dogs receiving placebo. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Sildenafil decreases systolic pulmonary arterial pressure from baseline in dogs with PAH and is associated with increased exercise capacity and QOL when compared to treatment with placebo.     

Recognition and diagnosis of lysosomal storage diseases in the cat and dog

Lysosomal storage diseases are rare, inherited disorders caused by the deficiency of 1 or more enzymes within the lysosomes of cells or by the deficiency of an activating protein or cofactor necessary for enzyme activity. The enzyme deficiency leads to a catabolic blockade and subsequent accumulation of storage material, and this in turn leads, albeit indirectly, to a wide array of clinical signs. Many features of storage diseases make them difficult to recognize and diagnose. In this review, we summarize the clinical features of these diseases and outline the steps required to confirm a diagnosis.     

A variant form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in American bulldogs

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by accumulations of autofluorescent lipopigments within cells of the nervous system. Nine related American Bulldogs demonstrated dysmetria in all limbs and paraparesis. Nonambulatory tetraparesis was observed only in the later stages of the disease. The clinical signs developed between 1 and 3 years of age and were slowly progressive over several years, which is inconsistent with most reports in other breeds. Results from blood tests for 8 different lysosomal storage diseases on 4 affected and 6 related but unaffected dogs were negative. Four affected dogs were euthanized and histopathologic examinations showed diffuse accumulations of periodic acid-Schiff-positive inclusions in neurons and axonal spheroids along the entire neuraxis and retinae. The most severe lesions were in the brainstem proprioceptive nuclei and spinal cord, consistent with clinical signs. The storage material was autofluorescent and immunohistochemically positive for products of lipid peroxidation. Ultrastructural analysis was consistent with NCL. Pedigree analysis supports an autosomal-recessive mode of inheritance. NCL has not been previously reported in the American Bulldog and these findings suggest a variant form of the canine disease.     

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Canine Urinary Proteins for the Analysis and Differentiation of Tubular and Glomerular Diseases

A preliminary investigation was performed to evaluate the use of a new, noninvasive technique for the localization of canine renal lesions by electrophoresis of urinary proteins. Urine specimens from six clinically healthy, nonproteinuric dogs and 12 dogs with persistent proteinuria were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). Urine electrophoretic patterns of proteinuric dogs were classified as glomerular (n=4), tubular (n=2), or mixed (glomerular and tubular) (n=6), based on the number and molecular weight of the silver-stained protein bands. Renal tissues from biopsies or necropsies were obtained from eight of the dogs with proteinuric disease. Interpretation of seven of eight electrophoretograms agreed with the histologic interpretation of renal lesions. We concluded SDS PAGE is a potentially valuable technique for detection and localization of renal lesions in dogs with proteinuric disease.     

海北地区牦牛衣原体和布鲁氏菌病的血清学检测

2010-2012年期间,应用衣原体间接血凝试验和布鲁氏菌病试管凝集试验对采自海北州所属4县的部分牦牛血清进行了衣原体和布鲁氏菌病的检测,结果在3351份牦牛血清中,检出衣原体阳性血清94份,阳性率2.8％;另从采集的6303份牦牛血清样品,检出布鲁氏菌病阳性血清388份,阳性率6.15％.表明,海北州的牦牛群中存在衣原体病和布病的感染.     

A comparison of predictions made by three simulation models of foot-and-mouth disease

AIMS: To describe results of a relative validation exercise using the three simulation models of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in use by the quadrilateral countries (QUADS; Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and United States of America; USA).

METHODS: A hypothetical population of farms was constructed and, following the introduction of an FMD-like disease into a single farm, spread of disease was simulated using each of the three FMD simulation models used by the QUADS countries. A series of 11 scenarios was developed to systematically evaluate the key processes of disease transmission and control used by each of the three models. The predicted number of infected units and the size of predicted outbreak areas for each scenario and each model were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Agreement among the three models in terms of geographical areas predicted to become infected were quantified using Fleiss' Kappa statistic.

RESULTS: Although there were statistically significant differences in model outputs in terms of the numbers of units predicted to become infected, the temporal onset of infection throughout the simulation period, and the spatial distribution of infected units, these differences were generally small and would have resulted in the same (or similar) management decisions being adopted in each case.

CONCLUSIONS: Agreement among the three models in terms of the numbers of premises predicted to become infected, the temporal onset of infection throughout the simulation period, and the spatial distribution of infected premises provides evidence that each of the model developers are consistent in their approach to simulating the spread of disease throughout a population of susceptible individuals. This consistency implies that the assumptions taken by each development team are appropriate, which in turn serves to increase end-user confidence in model predictions.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Relative validation is one of a number of steps that can be undertaken to increase end-user confidence in predictions made by infectious disease models.     

兔病毒性出血症灭活疫苗的研究

以三株本室分离的病毒作为种毒，研制了免病毒性出血症油乳剂灭活疫苗和氢氧化铝灭活疫苗。所研制的两种疫苗无菌及理化检验均合格。将疫苗大剂量接种实验兔无任何不良反应，两种疫苗免疫实验兔后用强毒攻击，均获得保护，免疫持续期至少5个月。     

Comparison of Serum Zinc Levels in Healthy, Systemically Ill and Dermatologically Diseased Dogs

Abstract— Decreased levels of total body zinc can lead to profound effects on both the immune and integumentary systems. Unfortunately, accurate measurements of total body zinc are difficult because the mineral is ubiquitous in the environment and many endogenous and exogenous factors can falsely elevate or depress measurements. In man, various dermatologic and non-dermatologic diseases have been associated with low serum zinc levels. The objective of this study was to analyse by atomic absorption and compare the serum zinc levels of healthy dogs, dogs with non-dermatologic diseases, dogs with allergic skin diseases and dogs with other dermatologic diseases. Using the Student-Newman-Keuls test, no significant differences in the mean serum zinc levels were demonstrated among any of the four groups (P > 0.05). Résumé— Une diminution des taux zinc total dans le corps peut avoir de profondes répercussions sur la réponse immunitaire et les systèmes tégumentaires. Malheureusement, La mesure du taux global de zinc corporel ets difficile car ce miniral est ubiquitaire dans l'environnement et de nombreux facteurs endogènes ou exogènes peuvent élever ou diminuer de façon erronnée les dosages. Chez l'homme, quelques maladies, dermatologiques ou non, ont été associées à des zincémies faibles, objectif de cette étude était d'analyser par absorptio atomique et comparer les zincémies plasmatiques de chiens sains, atteints de maladies générales et de maladies cutanées. En utilisant le test de Student-Newman-Keuls, aucune difference significative n'a été retrouvée entre les 4 groupes (P > 0.05). Resumen Niveles bajos de zinc pueden conducir a profundos efectos en tanto el sistema inmunitario, como en el integumentario. Desafortunadamente la medida de la cantidad total de zinc en el organismo es compleja debido a la ubicuidad del mineral en el medio ambiente, y a la gran cantidad de factores endógenos y exógenos que pueden producir medidas falsas del mismo. En medicina humana se han asociado varias enfermedades dermatólogicas y sistémicas con bajos niveles de zinc. El objetivo de éste estudio es el análisis por medio del método de absorción atómica y la comparación de los niveles de zinc en el suero de perros sanos, perros con enfermedades de tipo general, perros con enfermedades de piel de tipo alérgico, y perros que presentaban enfermedades cutáneas de tipo no alérgico. Utilizando el test de Student-Newman-Keuls no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la cantidad media de zinc en suero delos cuatro grupos (P > 0.05).     

Prevalence of mitral valve regurgitation in 79 asymptomatic Norfolk terriers

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of mitral valve regurgitation (MR) in asymptomatic Swedish Norfolk terriers.

Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy piglets after mitogen stimulation as indicators of disease resilience

Disease resilience refers to the productivity of an animal under disease. Given the high biosecurity of pig nucleus herds, traits that can be measured on healthy pigs and that are genetically correlated with disease resilience, that is, genetic indicator traits, offer a strategy to select for disease resilience. Our objective was to evaluate mitogen stimulation assays (MSAs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from young healthy pigs as genetic indicators for disease resilience. Data were from a natural disease challenge in which batches of 60 or 75 naïve Yorkshire × Landrace piglets were introduced every 3 wk into a continuous flow barn that was seeded with multiple diseases. In this environment, disease resilience traits, including growth, treatment, and mortality rates, were recorded on 3,136 pigs that were genotyped with a high-density marker panel. PBMCs from 882 of these pigs from 19 batches were isolated from whole blood collected prior to the disease challenge and stimulated with five mitogens: concanavalin A (ConA), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The proliferation of cells was evaluated at 48, 72, and 96 h and compared with unstimulated samples (rest count). Heritabilities of cell proliferation were estimated using a model with batch as a fixed effect and covariates of entry age; rest count; complete blood count proportions of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils; and pen, litter, and animal genetics as random effects. Heritability estimates were highest for response to ConA (0.30 ± 0.09, 0.28 ± 0.10, 0.17 ± 0.10, and 0.25 ±0.10 at 48, 72, and 96 h after stimulation and for area under the curve across the three time points, respectively). Estimates were in a similar range for response to PHA and PMA but low for PWM and LPS. Responses to ConA, PHA, and PMA were moderately genetically correlated with several disease resilience traits and in the expected direction, but individual estimates were not significantly different from zero due to large SEs. In conclusion, although validation is needed, MSAss, in particular based on ConA, show promise as genetic indicator traits for disease resilience.     

口蹄疫的研究现状

口蹄疫严重危害畜牧业的发展,每年因口蹄疫的暴发给社会带来惨重的经济损失。目前,没有有效的治疗手段,预防接种口蹄疫疫苗是惟一有效的措施。由于口蹄疫传播途径多、传染性强、病毒类型多、为多种动物共患等原因,迫切需要了解口蹄疫的流行现状、病毒结构特性、流行传播特点等。随着分子生物学技术和电镜技术在兽医领域的广泛应用,可以运用相应的现代科学技术,采取有效防控措施来禁止口蹄疫的发生。     

Descriptive summary of an outbreak of porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in New Zealand

CASE HISTORY: Investigations were conducted to determine the cause of an acute, multi-farm outbreak of porcine respiratory disease that included diarrhoea and subsequent loss of body condition in affected pigs. A definition for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) including both clinical and pathological features, previously developed for the pig industry in New Zealand, was applied to the current outbreak. In addition to self-reporting by owners of affected farms, local veterinarians, disease and epidemiology consultants, and animal health officials from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) were involved in conducting farm visits and submission of diagnostic specimens.

CLINICAL FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS: Pathogens known to be endemic in the pig industry in New Zealand as well as likely exotic diseases were excluded as causative agents of the outbreak. Clinical signs including dyspnoea, diarrhoea, and rapid loss of body condition were consistent with the New Zealand case definition for PMWS. Interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, generalised lymph-node enlargement, and presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) inclusion bodies were consistently identified in affected pigs. Classical swine fever virus (CSFv), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), and Influenza virus were ruled out, using molecular and traditional virological techniques. Spread of the disease between farms was hypothesised to be facilitated by locally migrating flocks of black-backed seagulls. The original source of the disease incursion was not identified.

DIAGNOSIS: Based on the consistent presence of circovirusassociated lesions in lymphoid tissues in combination with generalised enlargement of lymph nodes, histiocytic interstitial pneumonia, clinical wasting, and poor response to antibiotic therapy, a diagnosis of PMWS was made.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: PMWS should be considered in the differential diagnoses of sudden onset of respiratory dyspnoea, diarrhoea, and rapid loss of body condition in young pigs in New Zealand pig herds.     

水貂阿留申病诊断技术研究进展

水貂阿留申病是水貂养殖业的重要疫病,目前无疫苗预防,主要通过发展诊断技术,淘汰感染貂防控该病。论文总结了在貂场应用的基因与抗体检测技术,基因检测具有高灵敏度和特异性,能够检测到动物带毒感染,不同类型的基因检测技术对变异性强的阿留申病毒检测各有所长;抗体检测是水貂阿留申病的主要检测方式,研究者不断创新和改进原有技术,趋向对阿留申病的规模化精准检测,但单一的抗体检测方法淘汰感染貂具有局限性。论文通过对两类检测技术分析,建议采用基因与抗体的联合检测方法,从感染貂群中区分耐受貂或抗性貂,期望为国内高感染率貂场的检测和选种提供参考。     

Proventricular dilatation disease: an emerging exotic disease of parrots in Australia

Proventricular dilatation disease is a viral disease seen as a segmental neuropathy in parrots. It has always been believed to be a disease exotic to Australia, with the only reported case being a legally imported Green Wing Macaw ( Ara chloroptera ) in 1993. This paper reports a cluster of cases seen in south-east Queensland in 2005 to 2006. Clinical signs, autopsy findings and histopathological findings are described. No pattern or common source for these cases could be identified. The implications for Australian aviculture and avifauna are discussed.