同位素标记内源氮法测定回肠内源氨基酸排泄量研究进展

内源氨基酸排泄量(LEAA)是测定饲料氨基酸真消化率的重要指标,而同位素标记内源氮法是直接测定内源氨基酸排泄量的有效方法之一。本文综述了同位素标记内源氮法测定回肠内源氨基酸排泄量的基本原理、假设条件和影响因素。     

Effects of feeding and animal performance on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium excretion by Holstein cows

Thirty‐four Holstein dry cows and 16 lactating cows were used in balance trials to identify the effects of feeding and animal performance on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) excretion by dairy cows, and to develop prediction models for these excreta. Orchard grass silage, corn silage, alfalfa silage or timothy hay were offered to dry cows. Orchard grass silage or alfalfa silage, and concentrates were offered to lactating cows. In the statistical analysis, the independent variables were bodyweight (kg), dry matter (DM) intake (kg/day), milk yield (for lactating cows only, kg/day), water intake (free water plus water in feed, kg/day), intake (g/day) of N, P and K and dietary contents (% of DM) of crude protein, P and K. The dependent variables were N, P and K excretion (g/day) in feces and urine. In both dry and lactating cows, intake of N, P and K had large effects on corresponding excretion. The results indicated that a decrease in the intake of N, P and K could decrease the corresponding excretion. Further research by path analysis showed that K intake positively affected urinary N excretion in dry cows indirectly, through water intake and urine volume.     

用线性回归法测定生长猪内源钙、磷排泄量和豆粕钙、磷真消化率的研究

用线性回归法（Linear Regression Analysis Technique，REG）测定生长公猪内源钙、磷排泄量和豆粕钙、磷的真消化率。选用6头大白×长白生长阉公猪为试验动物，平均初始体重为（28．6±1．76）kg。采用6×6拉丁方设计，以豆粕-玉米淀粉为基础，配制6个不同钙（0．04％、0．09％、0．13％、0．17％、0．22％、0．26％）、磷（0．09％、0．18％、0．27％、0．35％、0．44％、0．53％）水平的日粮。试验共6期，每期8d，预饲期6d，采样期2d。结果显示，以日粮干物质采食量（DMI）为基础，粪钙的排泄量随日粮钙的摄入量的增加而线性增加（P=0．002〈0．01），通过回归曲线法得出内源钙排泄量为0．6225g／kgDMI，豆粕钙真消化率为44．34％。以日粮干物质采食量（DMI）为基础，粪磷的排泄量随日粮磷的摄人量的增加而线性增加（P=0．025〈0．05），内源磷的排泄量为1．0771g／kgDMI，豆粕磷的真消化率为48．78％。结果表明，不同钙、磷水平的豆粕日粮，钙、磷的表观消化率变化较大，真消化率相对稳定。钙表观消化率平均比真消化率低41．50％，磷表观消化率平均比真消化率低35．51％。日粮配制时用钙、磷表观消化率会低估钙、磷生物学效价，造成钙、磷的过量添加和猪粪钙、粪磷排泄量的增加。因此，日粮配制时用钙、磷真消化率来评定钙、磷的生物学效价更精确。     

Water-soluble phosphorus excretion in pigs fed diets supplemented with microbial phytase

Three experiments were conducted to compare the excretion of water-soluble phosphorus (P) of starter, grower, and finisher pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based P-deficient basal diet containing no added inorganic P (B), P-adequate diet (the basal diet with added dicalcium phosphate; B + P), the basal diet plus 500 units of microbial phytase/kg (B + 500), or the basal diet plus 1000 units of microbial phytase/kg (B + 1000). There were 6 barrows per diet, in a randomized complete block design, with an average initial body weight of 10.4, 20.0, or 51.1 kg for each of starter, grower, and finisher pigs in the three phosphorus balance experiments, respectively. In the experiments, the addition of dicalcium phosphate or phytase to the basal diet increased ( P  < 0.05) the digestibility and retention of P, and there were linear reductions ( P  < 0.05) in water-soluble P excretion as a result of supplementing the basal diet with phytase. In the starter pig experiment, phytase addition at 500 or 1000 units/kg reduced ( P  < 0.05) water-soluble P excretion by 28 or 42%, respectively when compared with the B + P diet. In the grower pig experiment, adding phytase at 500 or 1000 units/kg reduced ( P  < 0.05) water-soluble P excretion by 24 or 34%, respectively when compared with the B + P diet. The use of phytase at 500 or 1000 units/kg reduced ( P  < 0.05) water-soluble P excretion by 11 or 30%, respectively in the finisher pig experiment. The proportion of water-soluble phosphorus in total phosphorus was not affected by dietary treatment in any of the three experiments. In conclusion, adding phytase at 1000 units/kg to a corn-soybean meal-based P-deficient diet basal diet containing no added inorganic P compared with B + P diet reduced the daily excretion of water-soluble P in starter, grower, and finisher pigs by 42, 34, and 30%, respectively.     

内源磷和磷的真消化率评定方法

磷(P)是动物体内必需的矿物质元素,具有重要的生物学功能。但是,磷的过多又会造成浪费和环境污染。只有磷的真消化率才能够更准确、真实地反映动物对磷的消化吸收情况。因此准确测定内源磷的排泄量和准确测定磷真消化率已经变得至关重要。本文介绍了几种测定内源磷和磷真消化率评定方法。     

西门塔尔杂交后备母牛日粮植物源磷进食量对表观可消化磷的影响

旨在采用消化试验研究后备母牛日粮植物源磷进食量与磷表观消化率的关系。试验选用体况良好、体重一致的西杂后备母牛[西门塔尔牛(♂)×中国黄牛(♀)]24头,随机分为6组,即试验1组、2组、3组、4组、5组和6组,每组4头,分别定量(3.50kg/d)饲喂6种不同磷水平的精料日粮,粗料(青贮)自由采食。使用麸皮调节日粮精料磷水平,各试验组精料磷水平分别为0.36%、0.40%、0.42%、0.46%、0.50%和0.54%;总试验期为30d,预饲期20d后进入正试期,试验最后7d全收集粪样和尿样。饲料样及粪样均测定其中磷和干物质含量,计算粪磷排泄量与日粮磷进食量的回归关系。结果表明,不同日粮处理间消化道磷的表观消化量和表观消化率有显著差异(P<0.05),并随进食磷量的增加而增加,但消化道表观消化的磷量与磷的进食不是直线关系,而是呈现抛物线关系,在日粮磷水平为0.42%时,消化量和消化率达最大,即分别为10.5g/d和40.8%。     

自然粒度酸化紫色土磷形态分级及其流失解析度评价

土壤磷分级方法可用于土壤磷赋存形态转化的定量化研究及磷流失的解析度评价。为探讨施磷肥对酸化紫色土磷赋存形态及土壤磷流失解析度的影响,以酸化紫色土为研究对象,在榨菜生长区,设计3种磷肥处理(T₁,不施磷肥;T₂,常规施磷,60 kg P₂O₅/hm²;T₃,磷肥增倍,120 kg P₂O₅/hm²),采用一种新的磷形态分级法,开展不同磷肥处理下径流小区土壤磷赋存形态及其流失的解析度评价。结果表明,新分级方法对土壤磷形态的提取率与Hedley分级法无显著性差异,但其对磷流失指数具有更好的表征;磷流失指数与施肥量呈正相关,且NH₄F溶性磷和NaOH溶性磷对磷流失的解析度最强;增施磷肥(120 kg P₂O₅/hm²)显著提升土壤中游离态磷、树脂有效态磷、磷酸二钙型及磷酸八钙型等磷组分;不施磷肥显著降低磷酸二钙型、磷酸八钙型及铁(铝)结合态磷等磷形态。综上可知,自然粒度酸化土壤磷形态分级法具有可行性,其对面源污染磷流失定量化研究具有更好表征。同时,本研究证实土壤磷流失主要源于NH₄F溶性磷和NaOH溶性磷,且施肥显著影响活性磷库和慢性磷库中磷形态的转化。     

牛至油和过瘤胃蛋氨酸不同组合对奶牛产奶性能和氮排泄的影响

本试验旨在研究牛至油(Oo)和过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPMet)的不同添加量组合对奶牛产奶性能与氮排泄的影响。选取年龄、体重、胎次、产奶量、乳成分及泌乳期(90±15) d相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头随机分为10个组,每组4头。对照(C)组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂不同添加水平的Oo和RPMet,Oo添加水平分别为11.5(L)、13.0(M)、14.5(H) g·(d·头)^-1;RPMet添加水平分别为22.5(L)、25.0(M)、27.5(H) g·(d·头)^-1,共组成9个不同的添加量组合,分别为LL、ML、HL、LM、MM、HM、LH、MH、HH(第1个字母为Oo添加水平,第2个字母为RPMet添加水平)。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:产奶量方面,LL、HL、HM、MH、HH组产奶量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),以MH组最高。乳成分方面,MH、HM组乳脂率极显著提高(P<0.01);HM、HH组乳蛋白率极显著提高(P<0.01),各试验组在乳体细胞数均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。在氮排泄方面,LL、ML、LM、MM、HM、LH、MH、HH组氮排泄极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),以MH组最低。综合考虑上述指标,在本试验条件下,以MH组[Oo 13.0 g·(d·头)^-1、RPMet 27.5 g·(d·头)^-1]组合效果最好。     

Effect of feeding level on ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients and energy from soybean meal‐based diets for piglets

A total of 36 piglets with an initial body weight (BW) of 5.6 ± 0.7 kg, fitted with simple T‐cannulas at the distal ileum, were used to evaluate the effect of three graded feeding levels (50, 75 or 100 g/kg BW^0.75 day) on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and energy, and on ATTD of organic matter (OM), ether extracts (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and digestible (DE), metabolisable (ME) and net energy (NE) content in soybean meal (SBM)–casein–cornstarch‐based diets. The AID of DM, N and energy and ATTD of NDF, ADF and EE in the diets were not affected (p > 0.05) by the feed intake (FI) level. There was a small decrease in ATTD of DM, N (CP), OM, ash and energy, and in DE, ME and NE content in the diets (p < 0.05) with increasing FI level. The net disappearance in the large intestine (in % of ileal recovery) decreased for DM, N and energy (p < 0.05) with increasing FI level. The design of the study allowed for estimating ileal endogenous loss of N and total tract endogenous loss of ash, N and EE, for estimating corresponding true ileal and total tract digestibility values, and for estimating urinary endogenous N loss. High variability in estimates of ileal endogenous N loss and total tract endogenous losses of N, EE and ash reflects great variation in individual endogenous losses between animals. Estimation of true total tract digestibility of N, EE and ash by regression analysis was affected by their decrease in ATTD with increasing FI level, as estimates for true digestibility were lower compared to their apparent values. The present results suggest that FI level can affect both apparent and true total tract nutrient digestibility in piglets.     

植酸酶对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、磷排泄的影响

本试验旨在研究植酸酶对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、磷排泄的影响,以确定植酸酶在斑点叉尾鮰饲料中的适宜添加量.选取初始均重为(1.74±0.02)g的斑点叉尾鮰幼鱼540尾,随机分成6个组,每组3个重复,每个重复放养30尾鱼.对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加300、500、1 000、l...     

Comparison of the regression analysis technique and the substitution method for the determination of true phosphorus digestibility and faecal endogenous phosphorus losses associated with feed ingredients for growing pigs

Two digestibility experiments were carried out to comparatively measure true phosphorus (P) digestibility and the faecal endogenous P loss associated with soybean meal (SBM) and wheat middling meal (WM) for growing pigs by the simple linear regression analysis technique and the substitution method. Eight barrows, with an average initial body weight 21 kg, were randomly divided into two groups of four pigs with each group being fed four test diets according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Eight maize starch-based diets containing four levels (on dry matter basis) of P (0.20, 0.24, 0.36 and 0.42%) and P (0.181, 0.26, 0.36, and 0.43%) were formulated from SBM and WM as a sole source of P, respectively. Chromic oxide (0.30%) was used as a digestibility marker. Each experimental period comprised 8 d with a 4-d adaptation and a 4-d collection of faecal samples. Levels of the assay ingredient substitutions had no effects (P > 0.05) on true P digestibility and the endogenous P loss associated with SBM and WM measured by the substitution method. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the regression technique and the substitution method in measuring the true P digestibility (SBM: 49.4 ± 3.51 vs. 50.6 ± 2.4; WM: 63.7 ± 5.0 vs. 63.2 ± 5.4%) as well as the faecal endogenous P loss (SBM: 0.62 ± 0.10 vs. 0.71 ± 0.11; WM: 0.65 ± 0.16 vs. 0.70 ± 0.17 g/kg dry matter intake) for the growing pig. Thus, true P digestibility and the faecal endogenous P loss in feed ingredients for pigs may be measured by using the regression analysis technique and the substitution method.     

A comparative meta‐analysis on the relationship of faecal calcium and phosphorus excretion in mammals

To investigate the relationship between faecal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) excretion in different mammalian species, a meta‐analysis on digestibility data derived from the literature was conducted. Seventy‐three studies on carnivores, omnivores, large and small hindgut fermenters, ruminants and hippos (a total of 21 mammalian species, precondition for inclusion dietary Ca/P ratio 1.5/1 – 3.0/1) were analysed for Ca and P digestibility. Dietary Ca/P ratios were lower than faecal Ca/P ratios in carnivores, omnivores, ruminants and hippos. In hindgut fermenters, dietary Ca/P ratios were higher than faecal Ca/P ratios, indicating higher intestinal Ca absorption in these species. In all species investigated, there was a significant positive relationship between Ca intake and faecal Ca excretion and between P intake and faecal P excretion. In the biologically relevant range, these equations predicted lower faecal Ca losses in hindgut fermenters than ruminants, for faecal P vice versa. In all species, faecal Ca and P excretion correlated significantly. In carnivores, this highly linear correlation was exceptionally strong (R² = .92). Yet, the linearity of the correlation was questionable in omnivores and ruminants. Possibly, the strong linear correlation of faecal Ca and P excretion in carnivores is due to the formation of insoluble Ca/P complexes in their relatively short and simple gastrointestinal tract. Another hypothesis is that in carnivores, Ca homeostasis relies on modifying bone turnover to a higher degree than on changes in intestinal Ca absorption. For the formation of bone matrix, a constant ratio of Ca and P absorption is of advantage.     

Embryo transfer in competition horses: Managing mares and expectations

Embryo transfer (ET) is an accepted and successful technique for obtaining foals from mares without interrupting their competition careers. Recent research, however, suggests that the potential of factors including heat, exercise, repeated embryo flushing and repeated manipulation of the reproductive cycle using exogenous hormones to have a negative impact on fertility may have been underestimated. This paper reviews the evidence base for involvement of these factors in repeated failures to recover embryos from nongeriatric competition mares without obvious clinical or pathological indications of reproductive abnormalities. It concludes that, for some mares at least, a cessation of exercise for the periovulatory period and the period between ovulation and embryo flushing, combined with careful management of flushing‐induced endometritis, and minimal hormonal manipulation of the reproductive cycle, may be necessary to optimise embryo recovery rates. Mare owners may have been encouraged to request ET for their mares following high‐profile examples in the media of elite mares that have produced foals by ET whilst competing. The veterinarian should educate mare owners about the multiple factors that may affect the chances of recovering an embryo from their mares, and should manage the expectations of mare owners so that they do not approach ET programmes in the expectation that there will be no disruption to their training and competition plans.     

不同方法测定生长猪内源磷排泄量及磷真消化率的比较研究

采用梯度回归法(REG法)和差量法,用豆粕和次粉作为日粮磷唯一来源,分别设计了 2 组总磷(TP)水平为0 .15%、0. 20%、0. 30%、0. 35%梯度饲粮,按4×4拉丁方设计,测定了20 kg生长猪内源磷排泄量和豆粕、次粉磷的真消化率。结果表明,在0 .15%~0 .35%TP水平范围,粪磷的排泄量与磷摄入量之间存在明显的线性关系,动物具有稳定的内源磷排泄量。不同饲料条件下REG法测定的内源磷排泄量与差量法测定结果无显著差异(P>0. 05),2种方法测定内源磷排泄量都是可行的;生长猪内源磷排泄量为0. 65~0. 68 g/kg DMI;次粉磷的真消化率显著高于豆粕(P<0. 01),分别为63.7%和52.1%。     

中型褐壳产蛋鸡饲粮非植酸磷适宜水平的研究

用20周龄的商品代北京红开产蛋鸡150只进行饲养试验和磷代谢试验，研究饲粮非植酸磷水平对20－40周龄阶段蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋及蛋壳品质、血清生化特性和饲粮植酸磷表观消化利用率的影响，进而从多方面综合评价中型褐壳产蛋鸡的饲粮非植酸磷适宜水平，同时测定产蛋鸡对饲粮植酸磷的消化能力。试鸡按完全随机设计以体重随机分为5个处理组，分别喂以含非植酸磷0．20％、0．25％、0．30％、0．35％和0．40％及含钙量均为3．5％的玉米一豆粕型饲粮。饲粮非植酸磷水平对鸡的产蛋率、蛋重、产蛋量、采食量、饲料效率、蛋壳强度、蛋品哈氏单位、蛋形指数、血清白蛋白、球蛋白和碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性无明显影响（P＞0．18），而对蛋壳厚（P＜0．04）、蛋壳重（P＜0．07）及植酸磷表观消化率（P＜0．05）有显著影响。蛋壳厚、蛋壳强度及蛋壳重 0．20％非植酸磷水平组最大，此时鸡对饲粮植酸磷的表观消化率高达70．5％，但随饲粮非植酸磷水平的增加，上述4项指标均恒定降低，在0．30％－0．40％非植酸磷水平，蛋壳厚（P＜0．04）和蛋壳重（P＜0．07）明显降低，在0．25％和0．40％时植酸磷表观消化率分别比0．20％水平组降低17．7T和21．4个百分点（P＜0．05）。结果表明，北京红中型褐壳产蛋鸡在20－40周龄阶段的饲粮非植酸磷水平以0．20％（实测值为0．23％）为宜；中型褐壳产蛋鸡对饲粮植酸磷有很强的消化能力。     

饲粮磷水平对崂山奶山羊泌乳性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮磷水平对崂山奶山羊泌乳性能和血清生化指标的影响。选择体重(56.55±1.17)kg、产奶量(2.20±0.07)kg/d、泌乳中期的2胎健康崂山奶山羊30只,采用单因素随机分组设计,随机分成3组,每组10只,每只羊为1个重复。各组饲喂能量和蛋白质水平基本一致,磷水平分别为0.26%、0.36%及0.46%的饲粮。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)饲粮磷水平对干物质采食量均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)0.36%组产奶量全期平均值较高,极显著高于0.26%组、0.46%组(P0.01),0.26%组与0.46%组差异不显著(P0.05);干物质采食量/产奶量、干物质采食量/4%标准乳产量均以0.36%组较低,极显著低于0.46%组(P0.01)。3)饲粮磷水平对乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、乳非脂固形物率、乳磷含量、乳钙含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。4)饲粮磷水平对血清中钙、磷、尿素氮含量及碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,泌乳期崂山奶山羊饲粮磷水平以0.36%为宜。     

饲粮磷水平对育成期崂山奶山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和磷排泄的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮磷水平对育成期崂山奶山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和磷排泄的影响。选择体重为(21.07±0.30)kg的育成期崂山奶山羊公羊30只,采用单因素试验设计,随机分成3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只羊。各组饲喂能量和蛋白质水平基本一致,磷水平分别为0.25%、0.35%和0.45%的饲粮。试验期105 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)饲粮磷水平对育成期崂山奶山羊干物质采食量无显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮磷水平对7、8、9月龄崂山奶山羊体重及平均日增重均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮磷水平对育成期崂山奶山羊血清钙、磷、尿素氮含量及碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)在采食磷、粪磷、尿磷、磷总排泄量、沉积磷方面,0.45%组极显著高于0.25%组和0.35%组(P0.01),0.35%组极显著高于0.25%组(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮磷水平对育成期崂山奶山羊干物质采食量、体重、血清生化指标均无显著影响,但饲粮磷水平为0.25%时可以显著降低粪磷、尿磷的排泄量,减少环境污染。在本试验条件下,育成期崂山奶山羊公羊饲粮磷水平以0.25%为宜。     

Dietary phytase increases the true absorption and endogenous fecal excretion of zinc in growing pigs given a corn-soybean meal based diet

We investigated the effect of dietary phytase on the true absorption and endogenous fecal excretion of zinc (Zn) using ⁶⁷Zn in growing pigs given a corn-soybean meal based diet. Ten crossbred barrows were fed the control diet containing 90-mg/kg Zn, 2.3-g/kg phytate-phosphorus and 3.7-g/kg non-phytate-phosphorus or the phytase diet containing similar amounts of Zn and phytate-phosphorus, and 1.4-g/kg non-phytate-phosphorus with 750-PU/kg phytase for 12 h/day. On day 6, the pigs were given 200 g of the corresponding diet labeled by ⁶⁷Zn for 2 h. We measured feed intake, fecal Zn concentration and ⁶⁷Zn abundance for the determination of apparent absorption, true absorption and endogenous fecal excretion of Zn. Although the apparent absorption of Zn did not significantly differ between the dietary groups, the phytase group had significantly more ( P  < 0.05) true absorption of Zn than the control group. The endogenous fecal excretion of Zn tended to be more ( P  = 0.07) in the phytase group than in the control group. These results suggest that dietary phytase improves Zn bioavailability through increasing the true absorption of Zn in growing pigs, which results in stimulating the endogenous fecal excretion of Zn when dietary Zn satisfies its requirement.     

改善奶牛氮磷利用效率的营养策略

氮磷在奶牛生长、发育和生产过程中发挥着重要作用,但在实际生产中,饲粮氮磷含量往往过高,而奶牛对于氮磷的利用效率普遍偏低,这不仅会造成饲料资源的浪费,而且加重了氮磷的排放,导致严重的环境污染.合理减少饲粮氮磷含量、提高奶牛机体对氮磷的利用效率具有重要的现实意义.因此,本文主要从影响氮磷利用效率的因素,以及改善奶牛氮磷利用效率的营养策略2个方面进行了综述,以期为提高奶牛氮磷利用效率,减少氮磷向环境的排放,提高奶牛场经济和生态效益提供理论依据.     

肉鸡饲粮钙磷比对豆粕中磷真消化率的影响

本试验旨在使用线性回归法和差量法研究肉鸡饲粮钙磷比对豆粕中磷真消化率的影响。选用576只15日龄罗氏肉鸡,根据3×3因子完全随机区组设计分为9个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复8只鸡。通过添加3个水平的豆粕(30.00%、43.00%和56.00%),研究饲粮钙磷比(1.0、1.5和2.0)对豆粕中磷真消化率测定值的影响。试验期7 d。结果表明:肉鸡体增重、饲料转化效率、回肠食糜磷排泄量和可消化磷均随豆粕水平提高呈线性增加(P0.01),而干物质消化率和磷的表观消化率呈线性降低(P0.01)。提高饲粮钙磷比可显著增加回肠食糜磷排泄量,从而降低可消化磷和磷的表观消化率(P0.01)。使用线性回归法和差量法在钙磷比为2.0时测得豆粕中磷的真消化率分别为40.79%和39.84%,显著低于钙磷比在1.0(53.36%和55.59%)和1.5(56.81%和56.36%)时测得磷的真消化率(P0.05)。由此可见,肉鸡饲粮钙磷比显著影响豆粕中磷真消化率的测定,但真消化率计算方法(线性回归法和差量法)对测定结果无显著影响。