酵母培养物对断奶仔猪生长性能、机体抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

文章旨在研究酵母培养物在动物生产上的实际使用效果,试验选取断奶仔猪300头(21日龄断奶),随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复20头仔猪,单栏饲养.分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+1％的酵母培养物、基础日粮+100 mg/kg的金霉素,试验期为42 d.结果表明,在饲料中调价酵母培养物断奶仔猪的末重、平均日增重得到显著提...     

山楂提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力及肠道微生物的影响研究

为探讨不同添加量山楂提取物(CF)对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力和肠道微生物的影响,试验选择体重为(8.85±0.73)kg左右、健康状况良好的28日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪30头,按体重相近的原则随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头仔猪.对照组(CON组)饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组(CTC组)是在基础日粮中...     

Effects of Piper sarmentosum extract on the growth performance,antioxidant capability and immune response in weaned piglets

The biological properties of Piper sarmentosum render it a potential substitute for antibiotics in livestock feed. This study evaluated the effects of P. sarmentosum extract (PSE) on the growth performance, antioxidant capability and immune response of weaned piglets. Eighty 21‐d‐old weaned piglets were selected and randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments with five replicates of four pigs each. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet supplemented with 0 (T0), 50 (T50), 100 (T100) or 200 (T200) mg/kg PSE. The feeding trial lasted 4 weeks. The results revealed that the T50 group had the highest average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the feeding trial (p < 0.05). Additionally, the T50 group had higher (p < 0.05) serum glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH‐Px) and lower (p < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than the T0 group at 4 weeks post‐weaning (p < 0.05). Serum levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) decreased, while serum levels of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) increased by PSE supplementation at 4 weeks post‐weaning (p < 0.05). PSE supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of IL‐4, IL‐10 and TGF‐β and downregulated the mRNA expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in the ileal mucosal layer of piglets (p < 0.05). In summary, our study findings revealed that PSE supplementation improved the antioxidant capability, and reduced inflammation, which may be beneficial to weaned piglet health.     

非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

选用120头平均体重为(8.1±0.2)kg的PIC断奶仔猪,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,研究在饲料中添加复合酶对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验共设5个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验期为28d,分为前期(1～14d)和后期(15～28d)两个阶段。结果表明:非淀粉多糖酶能显著提高断奶仔猪后期、全期日增重,降低料重比(P0.05);能显著降低仔猪腹泻发生率(P0.05),复合酶Ⅱ效果好于复合酶Ⅰ。     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

复方中草药“强普素”对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响

目的：本试验旨在研究复方中草药“强普素”对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响.方法：选用144头（28±1）日龄平均质量为（8.30±0.14） kg的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,按照单因素完全随机化原则分为4个处理组,每组设3个重复,每个重复12头.试验设1个空白对照组和3个复方中草药“强普素”添加组,添加量分别为0.05％、0.1％、0.2％.结果：与空白对照组相比,日粮中添加0.1％和0.2％复方中草药“强普素”组的平均日增重显著提高（P＜0.05）,料重比显著降低（P＜0.05）;IgG及补体C3、C4的含量均显著高于空白对照组（P＜0.05）.而日粮中添加0.05％复方中草药“强普素”组的平均日增重、料重比、IgG、补体C3及C4的含量与对照组相比差异不显著（P＞0.05）.结论：复方中草药“强普素”具有提高断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的作用,以0.1％添加量效果最佳.     

刺五加提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响

文章旨在研究刺五加提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响,并探讨其替代抗生素的效果。试验选取150头健康、体重相近的21日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复单独一栏饲养,每栏10头仔猪。3个处理组分别为:只饲喂基础日粮的对照组,在基础日粮中添加20 mg/kg硫酸粘杆菌素的抗生素组,以及在基础日粮中添加0.1%刺五加提取物的刺五加组。试验开始前预饲3 d,正式试验28 d。结果表明:与饲喂基础日粮相比,日粮添加抗生素和刺五加提取物显著提高了断奶仔猪的平均日增重(P <0.05),降低了料重比和腹泻率(P <0.05),且日粮添加刺五加提取物的效果优于添加硫酸粘杆菌素;与对照组相比,抗生素组和刺五加组均显著提高了断奶仔猪血清中IgG和IgM水平(P <0.05),且日粮添加抗生素有提高血清中IgA水平的趋势,但差异不显著(P> 0.05);此外,抗生素和刺五加提取物的添加还显著降低了断奶仔猪盲肠中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量(P <0.05),添加抗生素显著降低了盲肠中双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量(P <0.05),添加刺五加提取物反而显著提高了盲肠中双歧杆菌的数量(P <0.05)。综上所述,刺五加提取物在提高断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和调节肠道菌群方面均具有一定的优势,是一类潜力较大的抗生素替代品。     

共轭亚油酸对断奶仔猪生产性能及免疫的影响

试验选择30日龄、体重相近的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪40头,按体重和性别随机分为4个组,公母各半。各组在相同基础日粮中分别添加0%、0.5%、1.0%和2.0%共轭亚油酸(CLA),研究日粮中添加CLA对断奶仔猪生产性能与免疫的影响。结果表明,当日粮中CLA的添加量为1.0%和2.0%时,可以显著提高断奶仔猪试验末重、日增重、饲料利用率、IgM水平、T淋巴细胞转化率、CD4 及CD4 /CD8 比例,降低仔猪采食量及腹泻率(P<0.05)。而对IgG、IgA水平及CD8 无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

Effects of dietary rosemary extract supplementation on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,antioxidant capacity,intestinal morphology,and microbiota of weaning pigs

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract (RE) has multiple pharmacological and biological activities, including the use as a food additive and medicine. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary RE supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and microbiota of weaning piglets. A total of 192 crossbred weaned piglets [Duroc × (Large White × Landrace)] (initial body weight = 6.65 ± 0.33 kg, weaned days = 23 ± 1 d) were group housed (six pigs per pen; n = 8 pens/treatment). Pigs were fed a corn–soybean meal-based control diet or the basal diet supplemented with 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg RE. Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to fed for 21 d. The growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, and intestinal morphology and antioxidant status were evaluated. The components of the microbial microflora were also determined in the cecal samples. Compared with the control, dietary supplementation with RE increased the final body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake (linear, P = 0.038, 0.016, and 0.009, respectively), and decreased the diarrhea ratio in piglets (linear, P < 0.05). The digestibility of crude protein (linear, P = 0.034) and gross energy (linear, P = 0.046) increased with treatment with RE. Piglets fed RE showed longer villus height (linear, P = 0.037 and 0.028, respectively) and villus height/crypt depth (linear, P = 0.004 and 0.012; quadratic, P = 0.023 and 0.036, respectively) in the jejunum and ileum, in addition to a lesser crypt depth in the jejunum (linear, P = 0.019) and ileum (quadratic, P = 0.042). The addition of RE increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (linear, P = 0.035 and 0.008, respectively) and glutathione peroxidase activity (linear, P = 0.027 and 0.039, respectively) and decreased the content of malondialdehyde (linear, P = 0.041 and 0.013; quadratic, P = 0.023 and 0.005, respectively) in the serum and liver. Dietary RE supplementation, compared with the control, increased the number of Bifidobacterium (linear, P = 0.034) and Bacteroidetes (linear, P = 0.029), while decreased Escherichia coli (linear, P = 0.008; quadratic, P = 0.014) in the cecal contents. Thus, dietary RE supplementation can improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and the microbiota in weaned piglets, and 200 mg/kg may be considered the optimum dosage.     

黑曲霉益生菌对断奶仔猪生长及日粮养分消化的影响

选取28和35日龄健康杜长大断奶仔猪,研究日粮添加黑曲霉出发菌或变异菌对仔猪生长及日粮养分消化的影响。结果表明,黑曲霉变异菌株(ANO2)可提高仔猪的日增重和采食量(P<0.05),降低其料肉比(P<0.05);黑曲霉出发菌和变异菌均可以显著提高饲料中干物质和粗纤维的消化率(P<0.05),但对粗蛋白质、无氮浸出物和粗脂肪的消化率无显著影响;黑曲霉还可提高断奶仔猪肠道内纤维酶活性(P<0.05)。变异菌株的促生长效应要明显好于出发菌;变异菌可以显著提高仔猪肠道内总蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),但出发菌对仔猪的日增重、采食量和肠道总蛋白酶活性没有显著影响。这表明,利用N 离子注入诱变选育益生菌是可行的,其实际饲喂效果也是比较理想的。     

白头翁提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能和抗热应激的影响

为探讨白头翁提取物对断奶生长性能和抗热应激的影响,本研究将40只断奶仔猪随机分为白头翁提取物高、中、低剂量组和空白组,每组10只,共计4组。白头翁提取物高、中、低剂量组分别按照添加饲料重量的2.0%、1.0%、0.5%添加,空白组正常饲喂。试验期间观察断奶仔猪的临床表现,试验前、试验结束时对试验动物进行称重,每天记录饲料的消耗量,计算日增重、日均采食量及增重比。试验结束时,前腔静脉采血,分离血清,ELSIA法检测血液中的三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4),精氨酸加压素(AVP)。研究结果表明,试验期间热应激状态下,仔猪精神状态不良,采食量减少,部分仔猪出现腹泻。饲喂添加白头翁提取物组仔猪临床表现正常。白头翁提取物低剂量组末重增重明显,与空白组相比,差异显著(P<0.05);白头翁提取物组日均增重增高,与空白组相比,差异极显著(P<0.01),白头翁提取物中、低剂量组三碘甲状腺原氨酸含量降低,与空白组相比,差异显著(P<0.05);白头翁提取物组甲状腺素降低,与空白组相比,差异显著(P<0.05);白头翁提取物组精氨酸加压素含量升高,与空白组相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。白头翁提取物可提高热应激仔猪的生长性能,有一定的抗热应激作用。     

酵母提取物对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验考察了酵母提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响.试验选用21日龄断奶仔猪80头,随机分为对照组和试验组两个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复1栏,每栏10头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中额外添加0.5%啤酒酵母提取物,饲喂期28 d.结果显示,日粮中额外添加酵母提取物试验组显著提高了断奶仔猪平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05),同时平均日采食量(ADFI)有明显的提高趋势.与对照组相比,添加酵母提取物试验组ADG和ADFI分别提高11.98%和5.85%,同时仔猪腹泻率降低了40.10%,仔猪料肉比(F/G)降低5.40%.试验结果表明,饲粮中额外添加0.5%酵母提取物能够增加断奶仔猪采食量,提高生长性能.     

非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪养分表观消化率的影响

本试验采用单因素完全随机化试验设计,研究在饲料中添加复合酶对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响。选用120头平均体重为(8.1±0.2)kg的PIC断奶仔猪,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪。5个处理组分别为对照组(玉米-豆粕型、基础日粮)、试验1组(对照基础日粮+100g/t非淀粉多糖酶Ⅰ)、试验2组(对照基础日粮+100g/t非淀粉多糖酶Ⅱ)、试验3组(对照基础日粮+150g/t非淀粉多糖酶Ⅱ)、试验4组(对照基础日粮+200g/t非淀粉多糖酶Ⅱ)。结果表明:复合酶Ⅱ能显著提高断奶仔猪粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙、磷的表观消化率(P0.05)。     

酸汤添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

为研究酸汤添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能以及血清生化指标的影响,试验选用断奶日龄31 d,体重(5.34±0.86)kg的健康断奶仔猪54头,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复3头猪。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%的酸汤,试验Ⅵ组在基础日粮中添加0.1%复合益生菌,进行为期47 d的饲养试验。饲养试验结束前5 d,每组选留3头猪进行消化试验。结果表明:与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅴ组与试验Ⅵ组的日均采食量(ADFI)分别显著提高了20.75%、27.86%(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组的日增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅴ组的腹泻率降低36.78%(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组的粗纤维消化率分别提高14.63%、23.59%、16.62%、19.64%(P<0.05);试验Ⅴ组与试验Ⅵ组的血清总蛋白含量分别提高13.83%、16.29%(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组的尿素氮分别降低15.16%、16.70%、27.91%、25.05%(P<0.05),试验Ⅴ组的葡萄糖含量提高13.24%(P<0.05)。综上结果,断奶仔猪日粮中添加适量的酸汤添加剂,可与商品复合益生菌取得大致相同的抗仔猪断奶应激效果,且预防腹泻效果更好。     

甘氨酰谷氨酰胺和牛磺酸对断奶仔猪抗氧化功能的影响

为了研究甘氨酰-谷氨酰胺(Gly-Gln)和牛磺酸(Tau)对断奶仔猪血液抗氧化功能的影响,以28日龄杜长大断奶仔猪为研究对象,采用随机区组设计法将72头健康、体重相近仔猪分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复6头,公母各半,进行为期28 d的饲养试验。4个处理组分别为:基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+0. 25%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺(Gly-Gln组)、基础日粮+0. 1%牛磺酸(Tau组)、基础日粮+0. 25%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺+0. 1%牛磺酸(复配组)。结果:Tau组中的血浆中超氧化歧化酶活性(SOD)显著高于对照组(P<0. 05);对于谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性,除Gly-Gln组在第7天显著高于对照组,第14、21及28天差异均不显著(P>0. 05)。对于还原型谷胱甘肽含量(GSH),在第14和21天Gly-Gln组极显著高于对照组(P<0. 01);对于血浆碱性磷酸酶活性(AKP),Gly-Gln组在第7和14天显著低于对照组(P<0. 05),第21和28天极显著低于对照组(P<0. 01)。研究表明:饲粮中分别或同时添加甘氨酰谷氨酰胺和牛磺酸有提高断奶仔猪血浆中的SOD、GSH-PX活性和GSH含量的趋势(P>0. 05),降低了血浆AKP活性(P<0. 05),从而提高了仔猪的抗氧化能力。     

不同酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长、免疫性能和微生物菌群的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫性能和微生物菌群的影响.试验将384头平均初始体重为(6.16±0.23)kg的21?d断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复16头,各组断奶仔猪分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+45?mg/kg抗菌肽、基础日粮+4?kg/T柠檬酸及基础日粮+3?kg/T复合酸化剂...     

Effects of dietary methionine supplementation on growth performance,intestinal morphology,antioxidant capacity and immune function in intra‐uterine growth‐retarded suckling piglets

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with _L‐methionine (_L‐Met), _DL‐methionine (_DL‐Met) and calcium salt of the methionine hydroxyl analog (MHA‐Ca) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and immune function in intra‐uterine growth‐retarded (IUGR) suckling piglets. Six normal birthweight (NBW) female piglets and 24 same‐sex IUGR piglets were selected at birth. Piglets were fed nutrient adequate basal diet supplemented with 0.08% _L‐alanine (NBW‐CON), 0.08% _L‐alanine (IUGR‐CON), 0.12% _L‐Met (IUGR‐LM), 0.12% _DL‐Met (IUGR‐DLM) and 0.16% MHA‐Ca (IUGR‐MHA‐Ca) from 7 to 21 days of age respectively (n = 6). The results indicated that IUGR decreased average daily milk (dry matter) intake and average daily gain and increased feed conversion ratio of suckling piglets (p < 0.05). Compared with the NBW‐CON piglets, IUGR also impaired villus morphology and reduced antioxidant capacity and immune homeostasis in the intestine of IUGR‐CON piglets (p < 0.05). Supplementation with _L‐Met enhanced jejunal villus height (VH) and villus area and ileal VH of IUGR piglets compared with IUGR‐CON piglets (p < 0.05). Similarly, _DL‐Met supplementation increased VH and the ratio of VH to crypt depth in the jejunum compared with IUGR‐CON pigs (p < 0.05). Supplementation with _L‐Met and _DL‐Met (0.12%) tended to increase reduced glutathione content and reduced glutathione: oxidized glutathione ratio and decrease protein carbonyl concentration in the jejunum of piglets when compared with the IUGR‐CON group (p < 0.10). However, supplementation with MHA‐Ca had no effect on the intestinal redox status of IUGR piglets (p > 0.10). In conclusion, supplementation with either _L‐Met or _DL‐Met has a beneficial effect on the intestinal morphology and antioxidant capacity of IUGR suckling piglets.     

Effects of composite antimicrobial peptide on growth performance and health in weaned piglets

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of composite antimicrobial peptide (CAP) on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets. Over 28 days, 36 weaned piglets (body weight, 10.58 ± 0.99 kg) underwent three treatments: negative control (NC, basal diet), positive control (PC, basal diet + 20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin), and CAP treatment (CAP, basal diet with 400 mg/kg CAP). Average daily gain of piglets fed the CAP diet was greater (P < 0.05) than that of piglets fed the PC or NC diet during days 1–7, 8–14 and 15–21. Diarrhea rates of piglets fed the CAP or PC diet were lower (P < 0.05) than those of NC‐fed piglets during days 1–7. Apparent total tract digestibility for dry matter and crude ash in CAP‐fed piglets was greater (P < 0.05) than that of NC‐fed piglets. In the CAP group, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were greater (P < 0.05) and Escherichia coli counts were lower (P < 0.05) than numbers for the NC group. Our results indicate that dietary CAP had beneficial effects on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets.     

粗纤维浓缩物对断乳仔猪生长性能及腹泻率的影响

选取120头28日龄断乳、体重相近的"杜长大"健康仔猪作为试验动物,根据体重相近、公母各半的原则将其随机分为对照组和试验组,每个组设4个重复,每个重复15头,研究添加日粮中添加粗纤维浓缩物对仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加1%的粗纤维浓缩物,有降低仔猪腹泻率的趋势,但对仔猪的日增重、料重比和日采食量没有明显的影响(P>0.05)。     

不同膳食纤维来源对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响

文章旨在评价饲粮中不同纤维来源对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响。试验选择84头体重接近的28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,分别饲喂对照组饲粮以及添加5%玉米纤维(CB)、小麦纤维(WB)、大豆纤维(SB)的饲粮,处理28d。试验结果:相比于对照组,CB、WB组料肉比(FCR)分别下降8.5%、7.9%(P<0.05);CB组仔猪总能量(GE)、有机物(OM)、干物质(DM)消化率分别降低2.1%、2.1%、2.9%(P<0.05),粗纤维(CF)、磷(P)消化率分别增加7.8%、29.3%(P<0.05);WB组仔猪GE、OM、DM消化率较对照组分别降低1.8%、3.9%、3.4%(P<0.05),CF、P消化率分别增加8.8%、19.3%(P<0.05);此外,SB组CF、OM、P消化率分别增加9.9%、5.1%、4.5%(P<0.05)。表明,饲粮中纤维显著影响仔猪生长,不同纤维源对仔猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响不同。