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文章旨在探讨日粮单独或联合补充微量元素铜和硒对肉牛生长性能、肌肉脂肪酸组成及血清抗氧化的影响。试验将平均体重为（389.98±1.67）kg的80只肉牛随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,T1组在基础日粮中以亚硒酸钠形式添加1.5?mg/kg硒,T2组在基础日粮中以硫酸铜的形式添加25?mg/kg铜,T3组在基础日粮中以亚硒酸钠形式添加1.5?mg/kg硒和以硫酸铜的形式添加25?mg/kg铜。饲养试验共进行84?d。结果：1.5?mg/kg硒组肉牛末重和采食量较对照组分别显著提高了7.36%和38.69%（P＜0.05）,但料重比较对照组显著降低了17.02%（P＜0.05）,同时处理组肉牛平均日采食量较对照组分别显著提高15.06%、16.86%和20.08%（P＜0.05）。对照组肌肉亚麻油酸含量较铜硒混合组显著提高62.50%（P＜0.05）。对照组肉牛血清胆固醇含量也显著高于T1组（P＜0.05）。对照组和T3组肌肉胆固醇含量显著高于T1和T2组（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,T2和T3组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性分别显著降低46.42%和62.84%（P＜0.05）。T1组血清超氧化物歧化酶活性较对照组和T2组分别显著提高10.64%和15.94%（P＜0.05）,同时对照组血清丙二醛含量较T1和T3组分别显著提高91.45%和73.90%（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮补充铜或硒可以改变肉牛脂质代谢,补充硒可以改善肉牛饲料效率、血清抗氧化性能,降低血清和肌肉胆固醇含量。 相似文献
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Tao Peng Hanle Shang Mingrui Yang Yanjiao Li Junrong Luo Mingren Qu Xinyu Zhang Xiaozhen Song 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13543
This study aims to evaluate the effect of puerarin on performance, meat quality, and serum indexes of beef cattle under hot environment. Thirty-two bulls were divided into four groups and fed diet supplemented with puerarin at 0, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg. Results showed that heat stress was employed for 54 out of 60 days, 400 mg/kg group declined serum cortisol (COR) contents, all treatments increased the contents of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total superoxide dismutase activity; in addition, glutathione peroxidase activity of 200 mg/kg group were enhanced, only 800 mg/kg group enhanced immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol contents compared with the control (p < .05). Moreover, 400-mg/kg puerarin increased serum growth hormone levels compared with 200 mg/kg group but declined COR concentrations compared with 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups (p < .05). More importantly, average daily gain and daily matter intake, and intramuscular fat contents of 400 mg/kg group were enhanced, but the shear force of beef in 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups were declined compared with the control (p < .05). These findings indicated that supplemental with puerarin enhanced immune and antioxidant, and 400 mg/kg of puerarin improved performance and meat quality by normalizing levels of stress hormones and increasing intramuscular fat deposition of beef cattle under hot environment. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究大豆甙元对生长期锦江黄牛生产性能、抗氧化能力及免疫性能的影响。选取20头健康状况良好、体重为(140±5)kg的生长期锦江黄牛,随机分为4组,每组5头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(精粗比为4∶6),试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加了100、200和400 mg/kg大豆甙元的试验饲粮。限饲各组的干物质采食量均为3.98 kg/d。预试期为10 d,正试期为60 d。结果表明:1)各试验组平均日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05),400 mg/kg组较对照组高126.6 g/d。2)各试验组粗蛋白质表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,各试验组血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性均显著升高(P0.05);各试验组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性相比于对照组均有升高的趋势(0.05≤P≤0.10);各试验组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量均低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。4)各试验组血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)M含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),同时400 mg/kg组显著高于100 mg/kg组(P0.05);各试验组的血清IgG含量相比于对照组均有一定程度的升高,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。由上述结果可见,饲粮中添加适量的大豆甙元可以提高生长期锦江黄牛养分消化率,促进犊牛的生长,同时提高免疫及抗氧化性能。 相似文献
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离子载体对肉牛能量代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了比较莫能霉素、盐霉素和拉沙里菌素3种离子载体对肉牛能量代谢的不同影响,以4头30～35月龄、体重380～450kg的西门塔尔×中国黄牛杂交一代公牛为试验动物,采用4×4拉丁方设计,应用呼吸测热室进行能量平衡试验。结果表明:莫能霉素、盐霉素和拉沙里菌素对总能消化率没有影响(P>0.05);分别使消化能转化为代谢能的效率提高2.07%、1.85%和2.07%(P<0.05);使甲烷能/进食总能比例减小15.1%、17.6%和19.3%(P<0.05);使代谢能产热率降低1.76%、2.92%和3.87%(P>0.05),使日粮总能沉积率提高3.30%、5.62%和8.07%(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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不同饲养水平下灌注氨基酸对阉牛氮代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
选择 6头体重 5 0 0～ 6 0 0kg ,安装有瘤胃、十二指肠前端和回肠末端瘘管的阉牛 ,分 3期依次饲喂以玉米、棉粕和氨化稻草为原料配合的 3种不同饲养水平的日粮。每种饲养水平下 ,依次从十二指肠灌注 4种不同的氨基酸混合液 ,测定相应的氮平衡值、血清尿素和血清游离氨基酸浓度。其中 ,饲喂高水平日粮时 ,4种灌注处理分别为 :Lys+Met+Thr、Met+Thr、Lys+Thr和Lys+Met;饲喂中等水平和低水平日粮时 ,4种灌注处理分别为 :Lys+Met+Val、Met+Val、Lys+Val和Lys+Met。结果显示 ,3种饲养水平下 ,不同灌注处理对氮平衡值有显著影响 (P <0 0 5 )。在高水平日粮条件下 ,与Lys +Met+Thr处理相比 ,回撤Lys、Met和Thr时 ,氮平衡值分别减少了 10 2 3、8 83和 7 2 8g/d(P <0 0 5 ) ;在中等水平的日粮条件下 ,与Lys+Met+Val处理相比 ,回撤Lys、Met和Val时 ,氮平衡值分别减少了 5 4 1、3 4 1和 1 6 0 g/d(P <0 0 5 ) ;在低水平日粮条件下 ,与Lys +Met+Val处理相比 ,回撤Lys、Met和Val时 ,氮平衡值分别减少了 8 4 5、5 14和 2 78g/d(P <0 0 5 ) ,各种回撤处理间的氮平衡也差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。 3种饲养水平下 ,血清尿素、血清总游离氨基酸和除被撤氨基酸外的各种游离氨基酸浓度随灌注处理不同而变化的趋势与氮平 相似文献
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由于复合添加剂具有控制代谢问题和提高动物生长性能的能力,最近已被用于动物饲料中。本研究评估了复合添加剂摄入量是否会改变肉牛瘤胃发酵参数或动物生长性能。试验共分为两个部分,生长试验和代谢试验,其中生长试验分为生长期(42 d)和育肥期(84 d),共48头肉牛(12个平行),而代谢试验共4种日粮。结果显示:在生长试验中,复合添加剂提高了肉牛干物质摄入量和反刍时间(P <0.05)。在育肥期中,日粮添加复合添加剂较对照组显著提高了干物质摄入量(P <0.05),各处理对瘤胃发酵指标无显著影响(P> 0.05)。综上所述,在肉牛生长期日粮中添加复合添加剂(氨基酸+维生素+有机矿物质+益生菌+必需脂肪酸)可以提高干物质摄入量和反刍时间。 相似文献
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母猪妊娠末期背膘厚度对产仔性能和胎盘脂质氧化代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在探讨母猪妊娠末期背膘厚度对产仔性能和胎盘脂质氧化代谢的影响,以探索母猪妊娠期脂肪沉积与繁殖性能的关系。本试验度量了846头经产大白母猪妊娠第109天时的背膘厚度,并分为3组,背膘厚度≤18 mm的为第1组(母猪192头),背膘厚度为19~22 mm的为第2组(母猪265头),背膘厚度≥23 mm的为第3组(母猪389头)。记录母猪分娩后的产仔性能,测定胎盘组织中脂质、氧化产物水平及抗氧化酶活性。结果表明:1)尽管母猪妊娠末期背膘厚度对总产仔数、产活仔数及木乃伊数无显著影响(P0.05),但显著影响了死胎数、初生窝重、初生头重和胎盘效率(P0.05)。其中,第2组的初生头重、初生窝重及胎盘效率显著高于其他2组(P0.05);第2组的死胎数显著低于第1组(P0.05),与第3组差异不显著(P0.05)。值得注意的是,母猪妊娠末期背膘厚度显著影响每窝初生重≤0.9 kg的仔猪数和每窝初生重≤1.0 kg的仔猪数(P0.05),第3组的每窝初生重≤0.9 kg的仔猪数和每窝初生重≤1.0 kg的仔猪数均显著高于其他2组(P0.05)。2)在第3组的胎盘组织中,不仅甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及游离脂肪酸(FFA)的水平显著高于其他2组(P0.05),而且丙二醛(MDA)和活性氧(ROS)水平也显著高于其他2组(P0.05),同时超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于其他2组(P0.05)。3)妊娠末期母猪胎盘组织中ROS水平与总产仔数、初生窝重及胎盘效率呈显著负相关(P0.05),而MDA水平与总产仔数呈显著负相关(P0.05)。由此可知,母猪妊娠末期背膘厚度与产仔性能密切相关。妊娠末期维持背膘厚度在19~22 mm,母猪可获得较高的产仔性能;背膘厚度≤18 mm时,会增加死胎数;而背膘厚度≥23 mm时,会引起胎盘组织中脂质过度沉积,从而加剧胎盘氧化应激的发生。 相似文献
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《Grassland Science》2017,63(4):245-254
From August to September 2015 (trial 1 [T1]) and September to November 2015 (trial 2 [T2]), the effects of replacing concentrate feed (C) with alfalfa hay (AH) on the daily gain (DG), dietary energy utilization status and the economic advantage of AH feeding for growing beef cattle were studied in crossbred male Simmental calves (n = 18) in Gansu Province, China. The target DG was set as 1 kg for both trials. Animals in each trial were allocated to a conventional feeding group (CTRL), a low‐level AH feeding group (LA), and a high‐level AH feeding group (HA). In a one‐way‐layout design, they were fed iso‐energetic experimental diets comprising harvested corn stover (CS) and C (T1‐CTRL, T2‐CTRL), diets replacing 22% (T1‐LA) or 44% (T1‐HA) of the quantity of C for T1‐CTRL with AH, and diets replacing 13% (T2‐LA) or 25% (T2‐HA) of the quantity of C for T2‐CTRL with AH. Measurements of feed intake and DG, respiration and metabolism trials were performed for 49 and 41 days in T1 and T2, respectively. Average DG did not reach the target value for HA in T1 and CTRL in T2. Energy metabolizability was slightly greater for CTRL than for LA and HA in T1 and significantly greater for CTRL than for the other groups in T2. There was no marked difference in energy metabolizability between LA and HA in both trials. Dietary substituting AH for C did not impair the feed intake of the animals, but it did not improve feed efficiency. In terms of economic feasibility, low‐level AH inclusion in the diets of growing beef cattle appeared more profitable at the 1‐kg DG level as compared with CTRL and high‐level AH inclusion, and should be practiced in the drylands of Gansu Province, China. 相似文献
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本文结合国内外肉牛产业的发展趋势和甘肃省肉牛产业的发展方向,从\"陇东肉牛\"的发展现状、转型和发展途径等方面对\"陇东牛肉\"进行了详实分析讨论,同时提出了只有将牛肉生产作为专门化的产业来发展,我国肉牛产业才能稳步前进。 相似文献
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The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of perilla cake and rapeseed meal instead of soybean meal on the apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of beef cattle.20 Qinchuan beef cattle of about 12 months old with similar weight and good health were selected and divided into 5 groups with 4 cattle in each group according to the univariate randomized block design.Five different protein feeds treatments were 31% soybean meal,36% rapeseed meal,14% perilla cake+24% rapeseed meal,28% perilla cake+12% rapeseed meal and 42% perilla cake,respectively.The experiment lasted 120 days,of which the pre-feeding period was 15 days and the trial period was 105 days.During the test,the daily intake of nitrogen,urine nitrogen and fecal nitrogen,the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM),organic matter (OM),neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of each test cow were determined.The results showed that:① The 42% perilla cake group had the highest nitrogen intake,and the 36% rapeseed meal group had the lowest nitrogen content,and the differences between the groups were not significant (P>0.05).The manure nitrogen in 36% rapeseed meal group was significantly higher than 28% and 42% perilla cake groups (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference with 31% soybean meal group and 14% perilla cake group (P>0.05).② The 42% perilla cake group had the highest sedimentary nitrogen,which was significantly different from other groups (P<0.05),and the 31% soybean meal group was significantly higher than 36% rapeseed meal group (P<0.05).③ The apparent digestibility of DM and ADF in 42% perilla cake group were significantly higher than those in 31% soybean meal group and 36% rapeseed meal group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in apparent digestibility of DM,OM and NDF between 14% and 28% perilla cake groups (P>0.05).④ The content of urea nitrogen in 14% perilla cake group was significantly higher than 31% soybean meal group and 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and it was not significantly different from the 36% rapeseed meal group and 28% perilla cake group (P>0.05).The 31% soybean meal group had significantly higher nitrosate nitrogen content than 36% rapeseed meal group and 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and these three groups were significantly higher than 14% and 28% perilla cake groups (P<0.05).Allantoin nitrogen in 31% soybean meal group was significantly higher than 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference from the other three groups (P>0.05).There was no significant differences in creatine nitrogen,microbial nitrogen predicted value,urea nitrogen/urine nitrogen,creatine nitrogen/urine nitrogen,and purine derivative nitrogen/urine nitrogen among all groups (P>0.05).In summary,in this test,when 42% perilla cake was used instead of 31% soybean meal in the concentrate,the beef cattle had the highest nitrogen deposition,which was 3.65 g/d higher than 31% soybean meal group.The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,NDF and ADF were 3.45%,2.22%,6.56%,and 10.98% higher than 31% soybean meal group,respectively. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究日粮中紫苏饼、菜籽粕代替豆粕对肉牛养分表观消化率及氮代谢的影响。选择20头体重相近、健康状况良好的12月龄左右的秦川肉牛（母牛）为试验动物,按照单因素随机区组设计,将20头试验牛分为5组,每组4头牛。不同试验组日粮中分别添加以31%豆粕（对照）、36%菜籽粕、14%紫苏饼+24%菜籽粕、28%紫苏饼+12%菜籽粕和42%紫苏饼为蛋白质原料配制的5种不同的精饲料。试验持续120 d,其中预饲期15 d,正试期105 d。试验期间,测定每头试验牛每天的摄入氮、尿氮及粪氮,测定日粮中干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的表观消化率。结果表明：① 42%紫苏饼组摄入氮含量最高,36%菜籽粕组最低,但各组间氮含量差异不显著（P>0.05）;36%菜籽粕组的粪氮显著高于28%和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,且与31%豆粕组和14%紫苏饼组差异不显著（P>0.05）;② 42%紫苏饼组的沉积氮最高,与其他各组均差异显著（P<0.05）,其中31%豆粕组显著高于36%菜籽粕组（P<0.05）;③ 42%紫苏饼组的DM、ADF表观消化率显著高于31%豆粕组和36%菜籽粕组（P<0.05）,14%和28%紫苏饼组的DM、OM和NDF的表观消化率均差异不显著（P>0.05）;④ 14%紫苏饼组尿液中尿素氮含量显著高于31%豆粕组和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,且与36%菜籽粕组和28%紫苏饼组差异不显著（P>0.05）;31%豆粕组尿液中马尿酸氮含量显著高于36%菜籽粕组和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,而这3组均显著高于14%和28%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）;31%豆粕组的尿囊素氮含量显著高于42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,与其他3组差异不显著（P>0.05）;各组的肌酸氮、微生物氮预测值、尿素氮/尿氮、肌酸氮/尿氮和嘌呤衍生物氮/尿氮均没有显著差异（P>0.05）。综上,本试验条件下,精料中用42%紫苏饼代替31%豆粕,肉牛氮沉积最高,比对照组高3.65 g/d;DM、OM、NDF、ADF的表观消化率分别比对照组高3.45%、2.22%、6.56%、10.98%。 相似文献
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本研究采用PCR-SSCP方法检测了杜洛克猪、大白猪、长白猪、山西白猪、山西黑猪和马身猪6个品种共416头个体的钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白(calpastatin,CAST)基因外显子9的多态性,在扩增片段内检测到5个SNPs,分别是第37位的T→G突变、150位的A→G突变、167、193和256位点的C→T突变,其中第193和256位点的C→T突变位于外显子9内,为错义突变,分别引起苏氨酸→异亮氨酸和苏氨酸→蛋氨酸的转变;5个SNPs位点形成A、B、C、D、E、F和G 7种单倍型,其分布与猪的经济类型相一致。在引入猪种大白猪和杜洛克猪群体中,有3种单倍型A、B和C,单倍型B频率较高,分别为0.40和0.53;长白猪群体中只有B和C 2种单倍型,单倍型C频率较高,为0.72;马身猪除含有A、B、C 3种单倍型外,还含有单倍型E,频率为0.16。统计分析结果表明,CAST基因单倍型类型对山西白猪6月龄活体背膘厚无显著影响。 相似文献
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Haibo Zhang Xiangfei Zhang ZhiSheng Wang Xianwen Dong Cui Tan Huawei Zou Quanhui Peng Bai Xue Lizhi Wang Guozhong Dong 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(4):392-400
This study was conducted to estimate the effect of dietary energy level on lipid metabolism‐related gene expression of subcutaneous adipose tissue in Yellow breed × Simmental cattle. The experiment was conducted for 60 days. The results showed that final weight, average daily gain, average backfat thickness, (testicles + kidney + pelvic) fat percentage and subcutaneous fat percentage in the high and medium energy groups were significantly higher than in the low‐energy group but that the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower. The glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein in the high‐energy group were significantly higher than in the low‐energy group. With dietary energy increasing the activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) significantly increased, whereas hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 (CPT‐1) significantly diminished. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), LPL, FAS, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1), ACC, stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) and adipocyte‐fatty acid binding proteins (A‐FABP) gene expression were significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, and HSL and CPT‐1 gene expression were significantly decreased. These results indicated that with dietary energy increasing, the subcutaneous fat accumulation mainly increased due to adipose tissue lipogenic gene expression and decreased lipolytic gene expression. 相似文献
19.
近年来,通渭县引进大量的良种肉牛冻精,冻配改良了本地肉牛,为提高肉牛杂交改良效果,提高单体经济效益,增加农户养牛收入。对引进的肉牛杂交改良本地肉牛进行了试验研究。在通渭县以夏洛来为父本、西本杂交牛为母本,杂交一代肉牛初生重达到36.4 kg,平均日增重达到689.3 g,18月龄夏西本体高18月龄达到146.4 cm,体斜长达到158.8 cm,胸围达到192.8 cm,管围达到20.2 cm。18月龄夏西本体高比利西本高15.8%,体斜长比夏利本高14.7%,胸围比利西本高17.0%,管围比夏利本和利西本高5.7%。因此以夏洛来为终端父本,西门塔尔与本地黄牛杂交F_1为母本,进行杂交改良,其生长速度快,个体较大,能快速提高三元杂交肉牛经济效益。 相似文献
20.