抗菌肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道微生物含量及绒毛结构的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平抗菌肽替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道微生物含量及绒毛结构的影响。试验选择平均体重为(5.76±0.02)kg的21 d断奶的杜×长×大仔猪672头,根据个体大小随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复42头。试验分为1～14 d和15～28 d两个阶段,对照组饲喂基础日粮+60 mg/kg盐霉素,抗菌肽组饲喂基础日粮+0、50或100 mg/kg抗菌肽。试验进行28 d。对照组较抗菌肽组显著提高了断奶仔猪28 d体重(P <0.05),1～14 d和1～28 d日增重(P <0.05),1～14 d、15～28 d、1～28 d采食量,显著降低了1～28 d料重比(P <0.05)。随着日粮抗菌肽添加水平的升高,28 d体重、1～14 d、15～28 d及1～28 d日增重显著升高(P <0.05)。对照组较抗菌肽组显著提高了断奶仔猪14和28 d干物质、14 d粗蛋白质表观消化系数(P <0.05)。对照组较抗菌肽组显著降低了14和28 d粪中大肠杆菌含量(P <0.05),且总厌氧菌、梭菌和大肠杆菌含量随抗菌肽添加水平的升高而显著降低(P <0.05);与抗菌肽组相比,对照组显著降低了回肠总厌氧菌含量(P <0.05)。饲喂对照组日粮的断奶仔猪较抗菌肽组显著降低了空肠隐窝深度(P <0.05),显著提高了空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P <0.05)。根据试验结果推断,日粮添加抗菌肽可以作为抗生素替代品,具有提高断奶仔猪生长性能、干物质和粗蛋白质的表观消化率、绒毛形态及降低粪中有害菌含量的作用。     

壳聚糖对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响

试验选择1日龄、体重42.8±2.6g的AA雄性肉仔鸡294只,随机分成7个日粮处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复7只鸡,试验期为42d。7种日粮是在基础日粮中分别添加0.00%(对照组)、0.02%、0.05%、0.10%、0.30%、0.50%壳聚糖和50mg/kg金霉素配制而成。结果表明:日粮各处理组对肉仔鸡盲肠内容物中总需氧菌无显著影响;大肠杆菌在14和42日龄时也未显示出显著的组间差异,而在28日龄时组间差异趋于显著(P=0.121),添加壳聚糖的各处理组均不同程度地低于对照组,其中以0.05%壳聚糖组最低;乳酸菌在14日龄时无显著的组间差异,在28日龄时,添加壳聚糖的各处理组相对于对照组均有不同程度的升高趋势,尤以0.05%壳聚糖组最高,而金霉素组则极显著低于0.05%～0.50%壳聚糖组(P=0.008),在42日龄时,乳酸菌的组间无显著差异(P=0.201),但变化趋势与28日龄时类似。可见,添加适宜剂量的壳聚糖可在一定程度上改善肉仔鸡的肠道微生态环境。     

不同水平的植物乳杆菌代谢产物对肉鸡生长性能、粪微生物菌群及绒毛形态的影响

本试验在日粮中添加不同水平的植物乳杆菌代谢产物,研究其对肉鸡生长性能、粪微生物菌群、挥发性脂肪酸含量及小肠绒毛形态的影响。选择健康、体重一致的1日龄AA肉鸡576只,采用单因素试验设计,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮+80 mg/kg新霉素,处理组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4和0.5%不同水平的植物乳杆菌代谢产物。试验共进行42 d。结果显示:0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组较对照组、0.1%、0.3%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著提高了42 d肉鸡末重、总增重和平均日增重(P <0.05),0.1%和0.3%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组较0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著提高了肉鸡饲料转化率(P <0.05)。对照组较各植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著提高了粪中大肠杆菌含量(P <0.05),与0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组相比,对照组、0.1%、0.2%和0.5植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著降低了粪中乙酸含量(P <0.05),0.1%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组较0.3%、0.4%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著提高了粪中丁酸含量(P <0.05)。0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组总挥发性脂肪酸含量最高,显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度显著高于其他各组(P <0.05),0.2%和0.3%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组十二指肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组、0.1%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组(P <0.05),0.2%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组空肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组、0.1%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组(P <0.05)。0.1%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组回肠绒毛高度最高(P <0.05)。对照组和0.1%组植物乳杆菌代谢产物十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度显著高于0.4%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组(P <0.05),但对照组回肠隐窝深度最低(P <0.05)。结论 :日粮添加植物乳杆菌代谢产物可以改善肉鸡生长性能,降低粪中大肠杆菌含量,提高小肠绒毛高度和粪中挥发性脂肪酸含量,其中日粮添加0.2%和0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物对肉鸡增重、饲料转化率和绒毛高度的影响最佳。     

Effects of lysolecithin supplementation in low-energy diets on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,viscosity and intestinal morphology of broilers

1. The study aimed to investigate the effect of lysolecithin supplementation in low-energy diets on growth, nutrient digestibility and intestinal mucosa characteristics of broilers.

2. A total of 800 one-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of 10 replicates of 20 broilers each. Broilers were fed with 4 different diets: (i) HE: positive control group broilers received a diet with unaltered energy; (ii) LE: negative control group broilers received a diet with lower energy of about 0.27 MJ/kg; (iii) LElys500: broilers received a diet similar to LE supplemented with 500 g/tn lysolecithin product (Lysoforte Booster Dry^TM); and (iv) LElys300: broilers received a diet similar to LE supplemented with 300 g/tn lysolecithin product. The experimental period was 42 d.

3. Body weight gain in treatments HE was higher than LE during the overall experimental period, while LElys500 and LElys300 had intermediate values. Feed conversion ratio was lower in HE and LElys500 than LE group, while the LElys300 had intermediate values. Fat digestibility was improved in both LElys 500 and LElys300 compared to the HE group. Apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) was higher in HE, LElys500 and LElys300 than LE. Ileum viscosity at 42 d was also affected, being higher in LE group compared to HE. At 28 d mucosal thickness was lower both in LElys500 and LElys300 compared to HE and LE, while no difference occurred between treatment proliferation patterns of duodenal epithelial cells.

4. These findings indicated that lysolecithin supplementation at 500 g/tn of feed in low-energy diets maintained broiler performance. Supplementation of reformulated low-energy diets induced an increase in digesta viscosity. Lysolecithin supplementation resulted in variable alterations in the duodenum mucosal morphology.     

植物粉剂对肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群数量和肌肉脂肪酸的影响

文章旨在评估植物粉剂(大蒜粉和石莲花粉)对1～42?d肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响.试验选择平均初始体重为(48.33±0.47)g的1日龄商品肉仔鸡640只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复32只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,药物组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮,但通过饮水补充2?mg/L维吉尼亚霉素水溶剂,大蒜粉组肉...     

黄芩黄酮对肉仔鸡生长性能和肠道菌群的影响

试验旨在探讨不同添加水平黄芩黄酮对肉仔鸡生长性能和肠道菌群的影响。选择500只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,采用单因子设计随机分为5个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复20只鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础饲料基础上分别添加5、10、15、20 mg/kg黄芩黄酮,进行为期49 d的饲养试验。分别于第21、35、49天时称重,计算平均体重、日增重、料重比,于实验结束时采集肠道内容物,测定肠道微生物菌群数量。结果表明,各处理组平均体重较空白对照组均有所增加,其中10 mg/kg添加组最高(P>0.05),5 mg/kg添加组显著提高日采食量(P<0.05),对F/G和ADG影响不显著(P>0.05)。49日龄时,各试验组与对照组相比,大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量显著降低(P<0.05);乳酸杆菌(需氧)和双歧杆菌数量均高于对照组(P>0.05)。由此可知,日粮中添加适量黄芩黄酮在一定程度上可以促进肉仔鸡生长,改善肠道微生物菌群,其中添加10 mg/kg黄芩黄酮效果较好。     

Effect of organic acids or probiotics alone or in combination on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,enzyme activities,intestinal morphology and gut microflora in broiler chickens

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of organic acids or probiotics alone or in combination on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, enzyme activity, intestinal morphology and gut microflora in broiler chickens (Ross308). A completely randomized design was used, with 1,440 broiler chicks across four treatments and five replications of 72 chicks each. The chicks in the control treatment were fed on a control diet (CD), whereas for the other treatment groups, the CD was supplemented with 0.2 g/kg organic acids (CDOA), probiotics (CDP) or a combination of organic acids and probiotics (CDOAP). All the chicks were fed ad libitum during the feeding trial throughout 35 days. A total of 20 chicks were randomly allotted to individual metabolic cages to measure the nutrient digestibility (35–42 days) and the digestive enzyme activities (42 days). The intestinal morphology and gut microflora of 80 chicks were examined at the end of experiment. There were no significant (p > .05) differences in the feed intake, body weight gain or feed conversion ratio of the chicks across the four dietary treatments. The crude fibre digestibility was significantly increased in chicks fed on CDOA or CDOAP relative to CD (p < .05). Nutrient utilization, in terms of digestive enzyme activities and excreta thermal property, was unchanged by any supplementation. The chicks fed on the CDOAP had significantly higher duodenal villi height and crypt depth than the chicks fed on CDOA (p < .05). This dietary treatment dramatically improved gut microflora by decreasing the population of Escherichia coli and increasing the Lactobacillus spp.:E. coli ratio. Based on our investigations, supplementation of organic acids and probiotics in chick diets can increase the ability to digest crude fibre and villus height and decrease intestinal E. coli without impairing growth performance.     

Effects of chestnut tannins on intestinal morphology,barrier function,pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression,microflora and antioxidant capacity in heat‐stressed broilers

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chestnut tannins (CT) on intestinal morphology, barrier function, pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, microflora and antioxidant capacity in heat‐stressed broilers. Four hundred 28‐day‐old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned into four groups, with 10 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate. The broilers in the normal (NOR) group were kept at 22 ± 1°C and fed the basal diet, and each of the other three groups were treated with cyclic heat (33 ± 1°C from 0800 to 1800 and 22 ± 1°C from 1800 to 0800) and fed the basal diet with 0 (HT), 1 (CT1) or 2 (CT2) g of CT/kg of diet. The experiment lasted for 14 days. Compared with the HT group, broilers in the NOR and CT2 groups had higher (p < .05) average daily gain and villus height in the jejunum and lower serum d ‐lactate (p < .001) and diamine oxidase (p < .01) levels. The addition of 2 g CT/kg of diet increased the total antioxidant capacity (p < .001) and superoxide dismutase activities (p < .05) and zonula occludens‐1 mRNA expression level (p < .05) and decreased the malondialdehyde concentration (p < .01) and mRNA expression levels of interleukin‐6 (p < .001) and nuclear factor kappa B (p < .001) in the jejunal mucosa of heat‐stressed broilers. The populations of Escherichia coli and Clostridium in the jejunum (p < .01) and caecum (p < .05) of broilers in the HT group were higher than those in the NOR and CT2 groups. In conclusion, the addition of 2 g CT/kg of diet seemed to be a feasible means of alleviating the negative effects of heat stress on the growth performance and intestinal function of broilers.     

不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响

1日龄AA肉仔鸡250只,随机分为5组,每组设5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组(Ⅰ)喂给基础日粮,试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)分别在基础日粮中添加脱乙酰度为82.5%、86.2%、90.5%和95.3%的壳聚糖10g/kg。试验期7周。试验结果表明:不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响不同,在21日龄,脱乙酰度82.5%壳聚糖组能显著抑制盲肠大肠杆菌的增殖(P<0.05),各壳聚糖组均能不同程度地促进盲肠乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌的增殖,其中脱乙酰度90.5%、95.3%壳聚糖组对双歧杆菌数量的影响差异显著(P<0.05);35日龄,各组盲肠大肠杆菌和双歧杆菌数量无显著差异;脱乙酰度82.5%和86.2%壳聚糖组与对照组相比能促进盲肠乳酸杆菌的增殖,且差异显著(P<0.05)。     

Effect of a synbiotic on the intestinal microflora of chickens

The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a synbiotic (Biomin Imbo) on intestinal microflora of Ross broiler chickens. A total of 200 male chickens were randomly divided into 20 groups of 10 birds each, kept in 20 pens (1.5 × 1 m each), and fed for 42 d at different synbiotic levels. Treatments included (1) a basal diet without synbiotics (control), (2) a basal diet with synbiotic levels proposed by the manufacturer, (3) a basal diet with synbiotic levels 25% lower than those proposed by the manufacturer, (4) a basal diet with synbiotic levels 50% higher than those proposed by the manufacturer, and (5) a basal diet with synbiotic levels 25% higher than those proposed by the manufacturer. At the end of the 42-d feeding period, 1 bird was randomly selected from each experimental unit, humanely euthanized, and the cecum was removed to measure the microbial population. The cecal contents were collected in discharge containers for microbial cultures, and counts were conducted after microbial culture. The addition of the synbiotic reduced Escherichia coli and total coliform populations in the intestines of broiler chickens. Conversely, different levels of probiotic increased the numbers of lactobacilli in the intestine of broiler chickens. Concentrations of the synbiotic higher than the recommended levels in the diet increased the lactic acid bacteria population in the gut of broiler chickens.     

Effects of different rearing systems on growth,small intestinal morphology and selected indices of fermentation status in broilers

A 3×2 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effects of rearing system and stocking density on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and fermentation status of broilers. Broilers were kept on three rearing systems: floor litter rearing (FRS), plastic net rearing (NRS) and multilayer cage rearing system (CRS), each with two stocking densities (normal and high stocking densities). Results showed that on 7 to 28 days of age, body weight gain appeared as FRS > NRS > CRS. Whereas, CRS significantly enhanced the weight gain of broilers compared with the other systems subsequently. Broilers on FRS had higher counts of cecum Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli at 28 days of age but had more Escherichia coli and less Bifidobacteria than CRS at 42 days of age. The FRS also decreased volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and jejunal villus height‐to‐crypt depth ratio at all ages. In conclusion, FRS appeared to benefit gut microorganisms during the early growing period along with high body weight gain of broilers, whereas this system might have a harmful effect on subsequent intestinal growth, as indicated by high E. coli, low Bifidobacteria count, low VFA concentration and villus height‐to‐crypt depth ratio along with low weight gain of broilers.     

Effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given different cereal-based diets

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given a corn or a wheat-based diet over a 21-day experimental period. Dietary MOS improved the growth performance of birds given the wheat-based diet compared to that of birds given the corn-based diet during 7–21 days of age. In line with this, the ileal digestibility of starch was increased by MOS at 21 days of age. The addition of MOS modulated the development of gut microflora. From day 7 to day 21, the numbers of mucosa-associated coliforms along the small intestine were decreased; whereas the numbers of mucosa-associated lactobacilli were increased by MOS, regardless of the cereal type in the diets. Dietary MOS also reduced the counts of coliforms and Clostridium perfringens in the caeca of birds by 21 days of age. Villus height at the jejunum was not affected by MOS but the crypt depth and the muscularis thickness were reduced. The specific activities of maltase and alkaline phosphatase were increased in birds given the MOS-supplemented diet; whereas the development of leucine aminopeptidase was delayed by MOS. All these changes in the mucosal morphology and function were dependent on the type of cereal and/or the age of the birds.     

复合微生态制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响

为研究探讨肉仔鸡日粮中添加不同剂量的复合微生态制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响,以期为复合微生态制剂的临床应用提供参考依据,将150只AA白羽肉仔鸡随机分成5个处理组(对照组、抗生素组、复合微生态制剂Ⅰ组、复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、复合微生态制剂Ⅲ组),对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加0.05%的肉鸡饲用金霉素,复合微生态制剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%的复合微生态制剂,测定平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、大肠杆菌数、沙门氏菌数、双歧杆菌数、乳酸杆菌数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数、IgG含量、IgA含量、IgM含量等指标。结果显示,与对照组相比,复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组可显著增加平均日采食量、平均日增重、乳酸杆菌数、双歧杆菌数、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、IgA含量和IgG含量(P<0.05),显著降低料重比、大肠杆菌和沙门菌数(P<0.05)。与抗生素组相比,复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组可显著增加乳酸杆菌数、双歧杆菌数、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、IgA含量和IgG含量(P<0.05),显著降低料重比、大肠杆菌和沙门菌数(P<0.05)。表明肉仔鸡饲料中添加0.1%、0.2%的复合微生态制剂可显著改善提高肉仔鸡的生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能,其在改善肠道菌群和免疫功能方面的作用效果显著优于抗生素。     

纳米载铜蒙脱石对断奶仔猪生长、肠道菌群及其肠黏膜形态的影响

选用128头健康“杜长大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组、CuSO4组、纳米蒙脱石(MMT)组和MMT-Cu组,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+78 mg/kg Cu2+(CuSO4.5H2O,相当于MMT-Cu中Cu2+的量)、基础日粮+2.0 g/kgMMT、基础日粮+2.0 g/kgMMT-Cu。结果表明,与对照组相比,MMT-Cu组能显著提高(P<0.05)断奶仔猪的平均日增重、饲料转化效率及小肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值,显著降低(P<0.05)腹泻率及小肠、结肠内容物中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量;而MMT组也显著降低(P<0.05)仔猪腹泻率,提高(P<0.05)小肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值。与MMT组或CuSO4组相比,MMT-Cu组能显著(P<0.05)提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和饲料转化效率(P<0.05),显著降低了(P<0.05)小肠和结肠内容物中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量。     

凝结芽孢杆菌BC66对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及肠道形态结构的影响

为研究凝结芽孢杆菌BC66对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表现消化率及肠道形态结构的影响,试验选取同批次体况相近的21日龄[杜×长×大,(6.39±0.36)kg]断奶仔猪180头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复20头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加1.0×106、1.0×107 cfu/g凝结芽孢...     

苯甲酸和精油对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化状态和肠道微生物群的影响

本研究开展了3个饲养试验,旨在探讨苯甲酸和精油单独或联合使用对肉鸡生长性能、肠道微生物含量及肝脏抗氧化性能的影响.试验1和2均选择1日龄肉鸡450只,分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只.对照组均饲喂相同的基础日粮,试验1处理组肉鸡分别饲喂基础日粮添加1.5和3?g/kg苯甲酸,试验2处理组肉鸡分别饲喂日粮添加2和4...     

中草药复方多糖对肉鸡肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响

为探讨中草药复方多糖(CHCP)对鸡肠道菌群、新城疫(ND-HI)抗体效价及血清补体C3、C4含量的影响,试验选用200羽1日龄商品代AA雏肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组50羽,于7、28 d进行ND疫苗免疫,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加200、400、600 mg/kg的CHCP,试验期为42 d。结果表明:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的鸡盲肠内双歧杆菌分别较对照组提高3.19%(P> 0.05)、9.79%、6.82%(P <0.05),乳酸杆菌分别提高8.08%(P <0.05)、17.45%、16.86%(P <0.01);Ⅱ、Ⅲ组大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量分别较对照组降低14.34%、12.15%和16.19%、16.61%(P <0.01);14 d时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的ND-HI抗体效价与对照组相比分别提高9.80%、17.32%、13.56%(P <0.05),28、42 d时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组效果最为显著,分别比对照组提高36.12%、25.79%和35.98%、30.18%(P <0.01);血清中补体C3、C4的含量与对照组相比均显著提高(P <0.05)。综上所述,在鸡的日粮中添加一定量的CHCP可促进有益菌的增殖,改善肉鸡肠道内环境,提高鸡的免疫功能。且以400 mg/kg和600 mg/kg的量添加效果最好,从经济角度考虑,400 mg/kg CHCP为最佳添加量。     

Effect ofBacillus amyloliquefaciens-based direct-fed microbials and antibiotic on performance,nutrient digestibility,cecal microflora,and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens

Two hundred eighty-eight 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 4 treatments to examine the effect of usingBacillus amyloliquefaciens-based direct-fed microbials (DFM) to replace antibiotics in the late growth stage on performance, nutrient digestibility, cecal microflora, and intestinal morphology in broilers. The experimental diets were (1) a negative control (NC) group fed a basal diet without any antibiotics; (2) a positive control (PC) group fed the basal diet with 200 mg/kg of zinc bacitracin; (3) a test group fed the basal diet with 200 mg/kg of zinc bacitracin from d 1 to 21 and 30 mg/kg of DFM from d 22 to 42 (DFM30); and (4) a test group fed the basal diet with 200 mg/kg of zinc bacitracin from d 1 to 21 and 60 mg/kg of DFM from d 22 to 42 (DFM60). The results showed that DFM30 and DFM60 increased BW gain and improved FCR as compared with NC group (P < 0.05). Generally, the PC, DFM30, and DFM60 groups showed increased apparent total tract nutrient digestibility for DM, CP, and AME as compared with the NC group. Both the DFM30 and DFM60 groups decreased cecalEscherichia coli population as compared with the NC group, and increased the population ofLactobacillus as compared with the PC group. The PC, DFM30, and DFM60 groups increased villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with NC. In conclusion, dietary supplementation withB. amyloliquefaciens-based DFM during d 22 to 42 may enhance performance by increasing nutrient digestibility and improving intestinal health in birds fed diets supplemented with zinc bacitracin from d 1 to 21.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics on growth performance,intestinal morphology,sIgA content and antioxidant capacities of broilers

Today, several strategies are being used to decrease the serious effects of antibiotics abuse on broilers industry and public health, among which synbiotics are one of the most promising antibiotic alternative. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of synbiotics, which composed of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) and prebiotics (xylooligosaccharide and mannanoligosaccharide), on growth performance, intestinal morphology, sIgA content and antioxidant parameters of broilers. Four hundred and fifty one‐day‐old commercial Cobb48 broilers were assigned to five treatments consisting of six replicates of 15 birds each pen. Five dietary treatments include basal diets (control), basal diets plus antibiotics (4 mg/kg Xanthomycin), basal diets plus 1 g of probiotics B. subtilis product/kg of diets (4 × 10⁸ cfu/kg), basal diets plus 150 mg/kg xylooligosaccharide (35%) and 1 g/kg mannanoligosaccharide (75%), and basal diets plus synbiotics (1 g of probiotics B. subtilis product/kg of diets (4 × 10⁸ cfu/kg), 150 mg/kg xylooligosaccharide (35%) and 1 g/kg mannanoligosaccharide (75%). The results demonstrated that on 21 and 42 days, dietary supplementation of the synbiotics significantly increased daily weight gain (p < 0.05), feed efficiency (p < 0.05), the villus height and villus:crypt ratio in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05), as well as intestinal mucosa sIgA content (p < 0.05), serum T‐SOD activity (p < 0.05) and lysozyme content (p < 0.05), comparing with control group. In conclusion, synbiotics (B. subtilis and xylooligosaccharide and mannanoligosaccharide) is one of the safe and ideal dietary supplementations to increase broilers' growth performance by improving small intestinal morphology, sIgA content and antioxidant capabilities.     

高剂量植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能和消化率的影响

文章旨在研究植酸酶对1~42日龄肉鸡生长发育的影响。采用完全随机试验设计,试验共分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复24只鸡,各组分别为阳性对照组、负对照、负对照日粮+1000、2000和3000IU/kg植酸酶,试验结束后测定各组对骨功能、骨质量和血液矿物质的影响。随着日粮植酸酶添加水平的升高,显著改善了1~21d肉鸡日增重、采食量和料比(P<0.05),而1~42d肉鸡生长性能表现为显著二次曲线效应(P<0.05),其中负对照组肉鸡日增重和采食量最低(P<0.05),料比最高(P<0.05)。对照组较负对照组显著提高了42d肉鸡胫骨干物质含量(P<0.05)。随着植酸酶添加水平的升高,21d肉鸡血钙浓度表现为显著线性降低(P<0.05),而血磷浓度先升高后降低,负对照日粮+1000IU/kg植酸酶组最高(P<0.05)。42d肉鸡血磷浓度随日粮植酸酶水平的升高表现为二次曲线效应。对照组和负对照组较处理组显著提高了42d肉鸡血钙浓度(P<0.05)。与对照和负对照组相比,负对照添加植酸酶组显著降低了矿物质回肠表观消化系数(P<0.05),而负对照组+3000IU/kg植酸酶较对照组显著降低了能量回肠表观消化系数(P<0.05)。植酸酶在回归分析的基础上提高了肉鸡生长性能,添加高剂量植酸酶3000IU/kg显著提高21d肉鸡日增重。试验为期42d,日粮添加2000IU/kg植酸酶对肉鸡的增重和饲料转化率效果较好。