首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 28 毫秒
1.
本研究针对猪育种中重点考虑的窝产活仔猪数(NBA)、达100 kg体重日增重(ADG)、饲料利用率(FCR)、达100 kg体重的背膘厚(BF)、肌内脂肪含量(IMF) 5个性状,利用连锁平衡(linkage equilibrium,LE)、连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium,LD)标记和直接标记(direct marker,DR)3种类型的分子遗传标记,设计了3个规模不同的基础群,母猪数分别为100、200、300头,公猪数都为10头,基础群个体间无亲缘关系,育种群实施闭锁繁育。用Monte Carlo方法模拟了MAS的5个世代选择试验。育种值估计采用标准BLUP(Standard BLUP,SBLUP)模型(此育种值作为对照)、QBLUP模型(使用DR标记)、MBLUP模型(使用LD和LE标记)。结果表明,利用DR标记在各种情况下都比利用LD和LE标记获得的选择效率高;5个性状中,MAS对低遗传力、限性性状NBA的选择效率最高;当性状的QTL方差占遗传方差基本相同时,中等遗传力性状FCR的选择效率比高遗传力性状BF的更高;当性状的遗传力差异不大时,QTL方差占遗传方差比例大的性状FCR的选择效率比QTL方差占遗传方差比例小的性状ADG的更高。当利用QBLUP模型时,MAS对NBA的选择效率最高,ADG的选择效率最低。  相似文献   

2.
加快完善种公猪站和猪人工授精体系建设   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
根据《全国生猪遗传改良计划(2009~2020)》中,关于'种公猪站和猪人工授精体系建设'及2009年发布的《种猪常温精液》国家标准要求,提出了种公猪站建设、猪常温精液配送、输精网点、猪人工授精体系的主体资质及标准。  相似文献   

3.
    
The swine gastrointestinal tract contains a great variety of microbes, forming a complex and dynamic ecosystem. Various internal and external factors (e.g. age, breed and diet) may influence its composition. This study aimed to investigate the gut microbial diversity of German Piétrain boars housed on different deep-litter bedding materials (regional wood shavings, linen, hemp, spelt husks, and wood shavings) via 16S-rDNA sequencing. Additionally, short-chain fatty acids were analysed using gas chromatography. Fresh faecal samples (n = 80) from 40 Piétrain boars were collected twice during the trial. Although it can be assumed that boars ingest bedding orally, no differences in the microbiome composition could be found. The main phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroides. Acinetobacter was identified as a biomarker for sperm quality differences (total sperm motility) in breeding boars.  相似文献   

4.
受非洲猪瘟疫情影响,猪场生物安全日益引起行业关注,其中猪场选址是复养复产成功的关键因素。本文分析了猪场选址评估中涉及的周围生猪饲养情况,周围污染源情况,地势和降雨,周围道路情况,与居民区、学校医院、生活饮用水源地距离,周围其他动物饲养情况等风险因素,根据生产实践初步建立了定量评估方法,明确了综合判定等内容,进一步提出新建猪场应正确分析选址生物安全影响因素,认真分析评估分值,动态研判所存风险,合理选址并制定针对性的防护措施。  相似文献   

5.
人工湿地植物筛选的研究   总被引:26,自引:1,他引:26  
为选择适应猪场废水处理中人工湿地的植物种,从野外采集12种植物,种在不同浓度猪场废水中作水培观察,并从耐污力、地上部生物量、根系、景观、易管理等5方面指标分别给予综合评定.筛选结果表明,风车草和香根草最适合用作猪场废水处理的人工湿地植物.风车草可以在COD 2 800 mg/L、NH3-N 390 mg/L以下猪场废水中生长,香根草可以在COD 1 300 mg/L、NH3-N 200 mg/L以下的猪场废水中生长.  相似文献   

6.
Summary This paper reports the quantitative analysis of the historical database of a herd of Sinclair swine affected by cutaneous malignant melanoma. The herd was under partial and non-systematic selection for melanoma susceptibility (animals having at least one tumour during the first 6 weeks of life). Weighted selection differentials for the number of tumours at birth and the number of tumours at 6 weeks were generally positive and between −0.43 and 4.76 tumours for the number of tumours at 6 weeks. Estimates of the heritability for number of tumours at birth and at 6 weeks using 1934 animals were 0.27 (±0.03) and 0.25 (±0.03), respectively. The estimate of the genetic correlation between these two traits was 0.95 (±0.03). Genetic trends were positive for the number of tumours at birth and at 6 weeks. In spite of positive selection differentials and a moderate heritability, there was a negative phenotypic trend in the number of tumours. Natural selection might be acting in a direction opposite to artificial selection in the Sinclair herd. The slopes of the regression of the number of tumours at birth, at 6 weeks, and melanoma susceptibility on individual inbreeding coefficients were non-significant, indicating no evidence of dominance. The number of live-born pigs was lower in litters from parents susceptible to the disease (p < 0.01).  相似文献   

7.
猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗的研制   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
从猪带绦虫六钩蚴cDNA文库中筛选目的基因并进行克隆表达,重组抗原用血清学方法和猪体免疫进行鉴定。钭具有免疫保护作用的重组抗原纯化,与免疫刺激复合物疫苗佐剂混合,制备成猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗,免疫仔猪并攻虫。该疫苗安全,无毒副作用,免疫猪减虫率92.2%,完全保护率55.5%,且免疫组发现的囊虫多数已死亡。  相似文献   

8.
在克隆5′上游微卫星序列的基础上,以40头松辽黑猪为研究材料,分析了该微卫星序列的多态性,同时进行了各基因型与肌内脂肪含量等肉质和胴体性状的关联性分析。结果表明:在5′端侧翼微卫星位点上多态性丰富,共检测到4个等位基因(A、B、C、D)共6种基因型,等位基因A、B、C、D的频率分别为0.112 50、.087 50、.425 0和0.375 0;杂合度0.658 0、多态信息含量0.594 4、有效等位基因数2.924 0;遗传效应分析发现AA基因型个体具有较高的肌内脂肪含量。  相似文献   

9.
在克隆5’上游微卫星序列的基础上,以40头松辽黑猪为研究材料,分析了该微卫星序列的多态性,同时进行了各基因型与肌内脂肪含量等肉质和胴体性状的关联性分析。结果表明:在5’端侧翼微卫星位点上多态性丰富,共检测到4个等位基因(A、B、C、D)共6种基因型,等位基因A、B、C、D的频率分别为0.1125、0.0875、0.4250和0.3750;杂合度0.6580、多态信息含量0.5944、有效等住基因数2.9240;遗传效应分析发现AA基因型个体具有较高的肌内脂肪含量。  相似文献   

10.
本文对高原瘦肉型猪选育群各世代的乳头数的遗传规律进行了分析研究,发现在选育过程中乳头数均值有增加的趋势;其对称性约为0.5∶1,乳头数出现的最高频率由互助猪的12枚上升到三、四世代的14枚,其遗传力为0.415,属中等遗传力。从乳头数均值与繁殖性状的相关关系来看,注重乳头数的选择,有利于乳头数均值的提高,从而促进繁殖性状的提高。  相似文献   

11.
生猪遗传改良计划实施以来我国猪主要经济性状进展分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《全国生猪遗传改良计划(2009—2020)》自2010年实施以来,经过10年发展,对我国生猪育种产生了深远影响。本研究收集2010—2019年全国猪育种数据,分析我国猪育种主要考虑的3个目标经济性状表型和遗传进展,反映我国生猪遗传改良计划成效。结果表明:我国杜洛克、长白和大白3个品种种猪登记和性能测定数据量逐年增长,建立了约15万头母猪组成的育种核心群;杜洛克、长白和大白3个品种猪平均每年表型和遗传进展,达100 kg体重日龄为0.90、0.67、0.5 d和0.51、0.3、0.4 d;100 kg活体背膘厚为0.07、0.06、0.04 mm和0.06、0.02、0.02 mm;长白和大白总产仔数平均每年表型和遗传进展为0.10、0.17头和0.013、0.016头,杜洛克主要考虑生长速度和瘦肉率,总产仔数变化不大。3个品种核心群群体结构不断优化,更新速度加快,我国猪育种工作进入了\"引种-适应-改良-提高\"的良性循环。  相似文献   

12.
为推进我国规模化猪场建设高质量发展,夯实规模化养猪基础,按照问题导向原则,从规模化猪场选址、布局,猪舍建设,猪场设施配套、建材选用等方面,列举了规模化猪场建设存在的缺陷,指出了各种缺陷带来的不良后果,继而提出了养殖场要做好合理的投资规划、科学的规划设计与猪舍建造,政府要做好服务指导等建议,以期助力规模化猪场建设高质量发展。  相似文献   

13.
    
For swine breeding programs, testing and selection programs are usually within purebred (PB) populations located in nucleus units that are generally managed differently and tend to have a higher health level than the commercial herds in which the crossbred (CB) descendants of these nucleus animals are expected to perform. This approach assumes that PB animals selected in the nucleus herd will have CB progeny that have superior performance at the commercial level. There is clear evidence that this may not be the case for all traits of economic importance and, thus, including data collected at the commercial herd level may increase the accuracy of selection for commercial CB performance at the nucleus level. The goal for this study was to estimate genetic parameters for five maternal reproductive traits between two PB maternal nucleus populations (Landrace and Yorkshire) and their CB offspring: Total Number Born (TNB), Number Born Alive (NBA), Number Born Alive > 1 kg (NBA > 1 kg), Total Number Weaned (TNW), and Litter Weight at Weaning (LWW). Estimates were based on single-step GBLUP by analyzing any two combinations of a PB and the CB population, and by analyzing all three populations jointly. The genomic relationship matrix between the three populations was generated by using within-population allele frequencies for relationships within a population, and across-population allele frequencies for relationships of the CB with the PB animals. Utilization of metafounders for the two PB populations had no effect on parameter estimates, so the two PB populations were assumed to be genetically unrelated. Joint analysis of two (one PB plus CB) vs. three (both PB and CB) populations did not impact estimates of heritability, additive genetic variance, and genetic correlations. Heritabilities were generally similar between the PB and CB populations, except for LWW and TNW, for which PB populations had about four times larger estimates than CB. Purebred-crossbred genetic correlations (rpc) were larger for Landrace than for Yorkshire, except for NBA > 1 kg. These estimates of rpc indicate that there is potential to improve selection of PB animals for CB performance by including CB information for all traits in the Yorkshire population, but that noticeable additional gains may only occur for NBA > 1 kg and TNW in the Landrace population.  相似文献   

14.
    
There has been little surveillance of influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulating in swine at live animal markets, particularly in the United States. To address this gap, we conducted active surveillance of IAVs in pigs, the air, and the environment during a summer and winter season in a live animal market in St. Paul, Minnesota, that had been epidemiologically associated with swine‐origin influenza cases in humans previously. High rates of IAV were detected by PCR in swine lungs and oral fluids during both summer and winter seasons. Rates of IAV detection by PCR in the air were similar during summer and winter, although rates of successful virus isolation in the air were lower during summer than in winter (26% and 67%, respectively). H3N2 was the most prevalent subtype in both seasons, followed by H1N2. Genetically diverse viruses with multiple gene constellations were isolated from both winter and summer, with a total of 19 distinct genotypes identified. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of all eight segments of 40 virus isolates from summer and 122 isolates from winter revealed that the summer and winter isolates were genetically distinct, indicating IAVs are not maintained in the market, but rather are re‐introduced, likely from commercial swine. These findings highlight the extent of IAV genetic diversity circulating in swine in live animal markets, even during summer months, and the ongoing risk to humans.  相似文献   

15.
Social genetic relationships among average daily gain (ADG, g) and feeding pattern as daily feed intake (DFI, g), daily feeder occupation time (DOT, min), and daily feeding rate (DFR, g/min) were examined using records of 547 Duroc boars. Single‐trait animal models were fitted differently for traits, including or excluding social genetic effects, random or fixed pen effects, with covariates of pen sizes and initial age or weight. Genetic parameters for feeding pattern were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. Six sets of parameters for ADG based on literature estimates were used due to difficulty in untangling confounded effects. Positive and negative signs of direct‐social genetic covariances were interpreted as heritable cooperation and competition, respectively. Dominant and subordinate pigs were classified as pigs with higher direct and social genetic values, respectively. Correlations of estimated breeding values between ADG and DFI, DOT, and DFR were 0.46, 0.04 and 0.29 for dominant pigs. Given heritable cooperation, subordinate pigs tended to increase feed intake (r = 0.36) and eating rate (r = 0.25). Given heritable competition, subordinate pigs fail to compensate for the competition with decreased feed intake (r = ?0.53). The slow eating rate (r = ?0.31) was considered as a consequence of eating during less busy hour of feeding.  相似文献   

16.
    
Genetic parameters and trends for length of productive life (LPL), lifetime number of piglets born alive per year (LBAY), lifetime number of piglets weaned per year (LPWY), lifetime litter birth weight per year (LBWY) and lifetime litter weaning weight per year (LWWY) were estimated using phenotypic records of 3085 sows collected from 1989 to 2013 in a commercial swine farm in Northern Thailand. The five‐trait animal model included the fixed effects of first farrowing year‐season, breed group and age at first farrowing. Random effects were animal and residual. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.04 ± 0.02 for LBWY to 0.17 ± 0.04 for LPL. Genetic correlations ranged from 0.66 ± 0.14 between LPL and LBAY to 0.95 ± 0.02 between LPWY and LWWY. Spearman rank correlations among estimated breeding values for LPL and lifetime production efficiency traits tended to be higher for boars than for sows. Sire genetic trends were negative and significant for all traits, except for LPWY. Dam genetic trends were positive and significant for all traits. Sow genetic trends were mostly positive and significant only for LPWY and LBWY. Improvement of LPL and lifetime production efficiency traits will require these traits to be included in the selection indexes used to choose replacement boars and gilts in this population.  相似文献   

17.
反向遗传操作技术的问世为RNA病毒的研究铺平了道路,研究人员根据需要在DNA水平上对RNA病毒进行加工和修饰,进而深入研究RNA病毒的本质和开发新产品。自反向遗传操作技术在猪瘟病毒上应用以来,在对猪瘟病毒致病机理、分子表达调控机制、细胞生长特性、毒力决定基因等方面的研究已取得明显进展。本文就反向遗传操作技术在猪瘟病毒基础理论研究中的应用作一综述,通过了解病毒基因组的功能、病毒与宿主致病力的关系以及病毒增殖特性等,为研究开发理想猪瘟标记疫苗开拓思路。  相似文献   

18.
    
Data on 380 Duroc boars from seven generations, and 1026 Landrace pigs (341 boars and 685 gilts) from six generations were used to estimate genetic parameters for daily gain (DG), backfat thickness (BF), metabolic weight (MWT), daily feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). Two measures of RFI were estimated as the difference between actual feed intake and that predicted from models that included initial test age and weight and DG (RFI1); and initial test age and weight, DG and BF (RFI2). Heritability estimates for DG, MWT and FI were moderate for both breeds. BF estimates were high for both the breeds. The measures of feed efficiency (FCR and RFI) were moderately heritable. Genetic correlations of BF with measures of RFI were stronger when BF was not included in the estimation of RFI (0.40 and 0.46 for Duroc and Landrace, respectively (for RFI1), compared with 0.05 and 0.06 for Duroc and Landrace, respectively (for RFI2)). Genetic correlations of MWT with measures of RFI were all negative and low. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between DG and measures of RFI were close to zero, which indicated that selection for reduced RFI could be made without adversely affecting DG. BF should also decrease, and MWT should increase under selection for reduced RFI. The reduction in BF would depend on the measure of RFI used.  相似文献   

19.
本研究参考公开发表的Alfort株基因组全序列,用计算机软件Dnsstar的PrimerSelect程序设计了两对SCFVE2基因高变区的特异性引物,对黑龙江东部地区分离的5株猪瘟野毒(HL、JN、MSNDD、NSPD)和MSHT株)进行RT-PCR扩增、克隆和序列测定,并将这5株野毒的高变区基因序列与国内外公开发表的参考毒株的相应部分进行了比较。结果表明,5株分离毒均为基因Ⅱ群,且形成两个独立的分支,HL、JN株与HCLV株氨基酸差异在60%以上,而MS株与HQJV株氨基酸差异在30%左右。  相似文献   

20.
四川省外种猪遗传进展研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
曾仰双 《四川畜牧兽医》2003,30(10):23-23,25
采用种猪性能测定技术和多性状动物模型BLUP法,连续3年对四川3个外种猪(长白、大约克夏、杜洛克)100kg体重活体背膘厚和日龄两个性状进行了性能测定和遗传进展研究。经过2年的选育,长白、大约克夏、杜洛克活体背膘厚分别下降0.86mm、0.49mm、-1.52mm,其遗传改进量分别为-0.27mm、-0.03mm、0.04mm;日龄分别降低0d、-5d、-17d,其遗传改进量分别为-0.05d、-1.60d、0.00d。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号