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Survival of viruses in fermented edible waste material 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R E Wooley J P Gilbert W K Whitehead E B Shotts C N Dobbins 《American journal of veterinary research》1981,42(1):87-90
The survival of selected viruses in fermented edible waste material was studied to determine the feasibility of using this material as a livestock feed ingredient. Seven viruses, including pseudorabies, Newcastle disease, infectious canine hepatitis, avian infectious bronchitis, measles, vesicular stomatitis, and a porcine picornavirus were inoculated into a mixture of ground food waste (collected from a school lung program) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus. Mixtures were incubated at 5 C, 10 C, 20 C, and 30 C for 96 hours. Temperature, pH, and redox potential were monitored. Samples for virus isolation were obtained daily. Newcastle disease virus and infectious canine hepatitis virus survived the entire test period. The porcine picornavirus was inactivated at 30 C after 74 hours, but survived for the entire test period at the other temperatures. Pseudorabies virus was inactivated at 20 C and 30 C within 24 hours, but survived for 48 hours at 10 C and 96 hours at 5 C. Avian infectious bronchitis virus was inactivated at 20 C and 30 C within 24 hours, but survived 72 hours at 5 C and 10 C. Measles and vesicular stomatitis viruses were rapidly inactivated at all 4 temperatures. 相似文献
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为提高蛹虫草废弃米基作为饲料中的蛋白含量,本试验采用蛹虫草废弃米基作为发酵培养基,筛选优势发酵菌种,并通过正交试验和单因素考察试验确定一套适用于蛹虫草废弃米基的二次发酵工艺。结果表明:采用酵母菌发酵效果较好。一次发酵的米基添加量为10%(m/m),酵母菌接种量为1%(m/m),发酵时间为20 h|二次发酵的米基添加量为12.5%(m/m),接种量为6%(m/m),发酵时间为48 h。综上,蛹虫草废弃米基经发酵处理后粗蛋白质含量提高了25.61%, Ca、P等无机盐含量也略有提高,同时发酵工艺对虫草素无干扰,发酵产物中保留了虫草素成分。此试验结果可作为蛹虫草废弃米基开发新型饲料的技术基础。
[关键词] 二次发酵|粗蛋白质|酵母菌|嗜酸乳杆菌 相似文献
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Minihan D Whyte P O'Mahony M Collins JD 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2003,50(7):352-356
The aim of the study was to assess the reduction achieved by steam pasteurization of beef carcasses of Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae and total aerobic mesophilic plate counts (APCs). In total, 30 carcass halves were exposed to steam pasteurization (90 degrees C, 10 s exposure time) and the 30 corresponding carcass halves remained as untreated controls. The neck, midline and rump were sampled on each carcass half. Significant reductions in E. coli incidence (P < 0.05) and counts, 0.5 log10 CFU 1000 cm(-2) (P < 0.05), were observed on rump sites only. Significant reductions (>0.8 log10 CFU 1000 cm(-2)) of Enterobacteriaceae were observed at all carcass sites sampled (P < 0.05). Enterobacteriaceae reductions (>2 log10 CFU 1000 cm(-2)) were highly significant at the more contaminated sites (P < 0.001). Reductions in total APCs were inconsistent. Steam pasteurization significantly reduced the level of E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae at more contaminated sites, but did not result in complete decontamination. Therefore, steam pasteurization should be classed as an aid to hygienic beef processing, but not as a critical control point. 相似文献
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为研究乳酸菌体外抗病毒作用,在鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)模型上,分析比较了6株乳酸菌对细胞内两种抗氧化酶:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的影响,以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,结果显示,与病毒感染对照组相比,6株乳酸菌均显著提高了细胞总抗氧化能力(P<0.01)、显著降低了MDA含量(P<0.01).研究结果表明,乳酸菌能促进细胞在病毒感染状态下产生更强的抗氧化能力来清除自由基,并减少自由基所引起的氧化损伤. 相似文献
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The conditions under which infection with Histomonas meleagridis could spread from directly inoculated turkey poults to uninoculated poults without the aid of invertebrate hosts or vectors was investigated in several experiments. In three experiments in battery cages, uninoculated poults were commingled with directly infected birds on pine-shaving litter. Directly exposed birds were inoculated per cloaca with H. meleagridis by means of a plastic pipette tip attached to a 10-ml syringe or orally gavaged with fresh cecal droppings from donor turkeys 4 days postinoculation (PI). Of the cloacally inoculated controls in these experiments, 31 of 44 (70.5%) birds had severe lesions ofhistomoniasis at 14 days PI, whereas none of the orally gavaged birds became infected. Histomoniasis developed in 11 of 36 (30.5%) birds allowed to commingle with inoculated birds. In other treatments, poults were allowed only contact with droppings from directly inoculated birds after the infected birds were removed from the cages. This was done for a single period of 1 hr or repeated five times. Four of 32 birds (12.5%) became infected in this way after the single exposure, whereas only four of 44 birds (9.1%) exposed five times developed lesions. In a comparison of floor materials, 35 of 35 control birds inoculated per cloaca developed severe liver and cecal lesions, irrespective of litter. Uninoculated birds allowed to commingle with infected birds on paper or pine shavings became severely infected in all cases (12/12 and 12/12 birds, respectively), whereas only 33% of those on wire-floored cages became infected (4/12). These results suggest that transmission of infection is more likely to occur as a result of direct contact between birds than from contact with litter or fecal material. 相似文献
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Wright IM Smith MR Humphrey DJ Eaton-Evans TC Hillyer MH 《Equine veterinary journal》2003,35(6):613-619
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Contamination and infection of synovial cavities are a common occurrence in clinical practice and, if inadequately treated, may have career or life threatening consequences for affected horses. HYPOTHESIS: The objectives in treating contamination and infection of joints, tendon sheaths and bursae are most effectively met by endoscopic surgery. METHODS: Over a 6 year period, cases of synovial contamination and infection admitted to a referral clinic were evaluated and treated endoscopically. The horses received local and systemic antimicrobial drugs with minimal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication but no other medical or surgical treatment. All arthroscope and instrument portals and, whenever possible, all traumatic wounds were closed. Diagnostic information, endoscopic observations and results of treatment were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 140 affected animals were referred and 121 cases were treated endoscopically. These involved 70 joints, 29 tendon sheaths, 10 bursae and in 12 cases a combination of synovial cavities. The most common aetiologies were open wounds (n = 54) and self-sealing punctures (n = 41). Foreign material was identified endoscopically in 41 but predicted prior to surgery in only 6 cases. Osteochondral lesions were evident at surgery in 51 and recognised before surgery in 25 cases; 32 horses had intrathecal tendon or ligament defects. Follow-up information was obtained for 118 animals; 106 (90%) survived and 96 (81%) returned to their preoperative level of performance. The presence of osteitis/osteomyelitis, other osteochondral lesions and marked deposits of pannus were associated with nonsurvival. For those animals which survived, non-Thoroughbred horses, a combination of synovial structure involvement and regional i.v. antimicrobial administration were associated with reduced post operative performance. Marked pannus, regional i.v. antimicrobial administration and duration of systemic antimicrobial administration were associated with a group combining nonsurviving animals and those with reduced post operative performance. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic surgery makes a valuable contribution to the management of synovial contamination and infection. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The information obtained from and therapeutic options offered by endoscopy justify its early use in cases of synovial contamination and infection. 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2017,(19):27-32
试验旨在研究添加玉米粉和食淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)对苜蓿青贮品质的影响。试验采用析因设计,选取4个玉米粉添加量(占鲜重的0%、3%、6%、9%),3株不同食淀粉乳杆菌[L.amylovorus KM112088(L_1)、L.amylovorus KM112091(L_2)和L.amylovorus KM112089(L_3)]以及不接种处理,共计16个组(4×4),青贮35 d后开封,分析不同处理对苜蓿青贮品质的影响。结果表明,苜蓿单独青贮发酵品质较差;单独添加玉米粉,随着添加量的增加,苜蓿青贮的p H值以及氨态氮的含量显著下降(P<0.05),苜蓿青贮品质显著改善,但玉米粉中的淀粉降解较少;单独添加L.amylovorus处理中,虽然L_2处理组显著降低苜蓿青贮的氨态氮含量(P<0.05),提高乳酸和乙酸质量比,但对苜蓿青贮品质的改善效果较小;混合添加玉米粉和L.amylovorus,淀粉被有效降解和利用,且L_1和L_2与玉米粉混合处理组的苜蓿青贮品质得到显著改善(P<0.05),在复合添加3%的玉米粉时,即可获得优于单独添加9%玉米粉的发酵品质。综上所述,在苜蓿青贮实践中,可通过复合添加3%玉米粉和L_1或L_2,来提高玉米粉的添加效果,改善苜蓿青贮的发酵品质。 相似文献
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Gill CO Badoni M 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2001,42(4):297-299
Neither pasteurizing of uneviscerated carcasses nor trimming reduced the numbers of total aerobic bacteria recovered from sticking wounds in pig carcasses. However, trimming after pasteurizing increased the numbers of coliforms and Escherichia coli recovered from sticking wounds, whereas pasteurizing without trimming reduced these counts. 相似文献
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Watanabe O Ishii J Kitagaki T Okawa H Matsumoto H Kameyama M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(5):573-581
Establishment of a disposal plan for carcasses in advance is important for prevention of epidemics. A disposal plan for contaminated goods such as poultry carcasses infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was studied in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. We investigated all poultry farms with over 1,000 birds for their locations, species and numbers of birds, structure and size of poultry facilities and land spaces of the farms. Moreover, we judged whether they could dispose of all the carcasses at their farms. In 2005, 5.5 million layers and 2.7 million broilers were being kept. If HPAI had broken out, 44.0% of the farmers could bury all the carcasses, and 65.6% could compost them at their farms. However, 23.4% could not dispose of them except by burning them at incineration facilities. We decided to choose burning first for rapid disposal as long as the virus was not a pandemic type. 相似文献
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畜牧场废弃物的处理与利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着科学技术的迅速提高,全世界生产力也高度发展,致使大量的工农业生产废弃物及居民生活废弃物进入人类和生物的生活环境,造成全球性的环境污染,严重威胁着人类和生物的生活和健康。因此,环境污染问题已被人类和各国政府所关注,并采取环境保护和措施进行防止和解决。20世纪50年代以后,畜牧业发展迅速,大规模、高密度的工厂化畜禽生产集中产生了大量粪尿、污水、有害气体和恶臭。特别是化肥的使用,使大量粪肥未能还田利用,加剧了对环境的污染,造成的公害日益严重,在这种情况下,畜牧业生产也受到各种污染的危害。畜牧场环境… 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2019,(22):34-40
为进一步提高微胶囊对乳酸菌的保护性能,以海藻酸钠和瓜尔豆胶为复合壁材,利用乳化法对嗜酸乳杆菌进行微胶囊包被,并通过测定微胶囊物理特性(包被率、粒径大小、外观结构)及胃肠道性能(耐酸性、耐胆盐以及肠道释放)等方面,评估微胶囊对目标菌的保护效果。结果显示,复合壁材包被率为(47.49±1.91)%,活菌数(荷载量)为(1.78±0.44)×10~9CFU/g,与对照组相比,差异显著(P<0.05);SEM图像展示了复合壁材微胶囊更为有序致密的表面结构;胃肠存活率方面,复合壁材微胶囊显示出更佳的保护效果(P<0.01),胃肠液作用后目标菌活菌数均接近107CFU/g;释放性能方面,复合壁材微胶囊在进入肠液后2 h达到最大释放性能,保证了嗜酸乳杆菌正常生理功能的发挥。据此,复合壁材微胶囊对嗜酸乳杆菌有较好的包载效果并对其可以起到充分的保护作用。 相似文献