水稻籼型光温敏核不育系天源903S的选育与利用

水稻籼型光温敏核不育系天源903S是以早籼型光温敏核不育系HD9802S为母本、中籼型光温敏核不育系华201S为父本杂交,经多代选育和低温筛选育成的水稻早籼型光温敏核不育系,2015年8月通过湖北省种子管理局组织的技术鉴定.该不育系育性转换特性稳定,开花习性和品质性状好,繁殖和制种产量高.利用其配制的杂交晚稻组合天两优...     

一种水稻光温敏核不育系提纯繁殖方法的初步研究

针对水稻光温敏核不育系高世代提纯繁殖过程中起点温度漂变的问题,利用生产用安农810S、P88S和C815S 3个光温敏核不育系种子,通过建立2个遗传背景完全相同的不育系大群体,实现核心单株筛选与繁殖同步进行,研究一种不育系提纯繁殖的方法.     

水稻光温敏核不育系提纯繁殖技术研究进展

分析了水稻光温敏核不育系需要进行提纯繁殖的原因及提纯繁殖的技术可行性,综述了现有水稻光温敏核不育系提纯繁殖技术特点和存在的问题,探讨了水稻光温敏核不育系的提纯和原种生产程序实现工厂化、商业化和专业化生产的技术可能性。     

水稻温敏核不育系一季加再生连繁试验

2011～2012年在湖南怀化利用岩洞冷水灌溉,对水稻温敏核不育系安农810S、云峰S进行一季加多次再生连繁试验。2年平均产量：安农810S头季繁殖为4906.7 kg／hm2、再生繁殖为5131.7 kg／hm2;云峰S头季繁殖为5790 kg／hm2、再生繁殖为6167.5 kg／hm2;种子质量合格。连繁方法简化了水稻温敏核不育系繁殖程序,降低了劳动用工成本和物质消耗,提高了原种的繁殖系数,是高产、优质、低耗、高效的水稻栽培技术。     

温敏核不育基因在籼型三系遗传背景下的育性表达

用3个温敏核不育系培矮64S、6311S和360S与7个籼型质核互作型水稻雄性不育系及相应的保持系、3个恢复系配组,观察了51个组合的F1、19个F2及6个BC1的育性表现。结果表明：培矮64S温敏核不育性状由2对隐性基因控制,具有对质核互作型雄性不育系育性的强恢复基因;6311S温敏核不育性状由1对隐性基因控制,同时具有1对弱恢复基因;360S温敏核不育性状由1对隐性基因控制,但没有恢复基因。进一步利用4个细胞质雄性不育系/6311S组合F2群体中4个温敏核不育株与5个细胞质雄性不育系CMS配组,研究了杂交F1的育性,表明在可育细胞质背景下,三系恢复基因对温敏核不育基因的表达没有影响;在不育细胞质背景下,三系恢复基因是温敏核不育基因表达的关键。由此提出了选育不育细胞质背景的光温敏核不育系和温敏核不育背景的质核互作型不育系的策略。     

基于全基因组多态性的安农S-1与株1S亲缘关系分析

在两系法杂交水稻育种中,温敏核不育系具有重要作用。常用的温敏核不育系大多来源于TMS5基因编码区第71至72个碱基发生GC→TA或TC→TA的变异。本研究利用全基因组测序手段,结合生物信息学,分析了安农S-1及其衍生系准S,以及株1S及其衍生系华煜4127S在全基因组及tms5功能区域内的多态性,验证了这4个温敏核不育系的亲缘关系。     

籼型水稻光温敏核不育系泰5S的选育与应用

泰5S是用深08S作母本、保持系资100B作父本进行杂交后经系谱法选育而成的籼型水稻光温敏核不育系.该不育系株叶形态好、不育性稳定、败育彻底、抗性较好、配合力好,2017年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会组织的技术鉴定.介绍了泰5S的选育过程、特征特性和繁殖制种技术要点.     

水稻两用核不育系繁殖技术研究进展

随着水稻光温敏核不育繁殖研究的不断发展,两用核不育系繁殖技术与繁殖途径在不断改进和创新.总结了目前两用核不育系的主要繁殖技术,简要概述了各种繁殖途径的技术要点与研究进展,并对不同繁殖途径的优缺点进行了比较、讨论.     

水稻光温敏核不育系株系育性鉴定保纯法原种生产技术

针对两系法杂交水稻生产中迫切需要解决光温敏不育系不育起点温度漂变的问题,结合多年两系法杂交水稻育种经验和光温敏核不育系C815S原种生产实践,提出了水稻光温敏核不育系株系育性鉴定保纯法原种生产技术,阐述了单株选择、田块选择和季节安排、大田栽培管理、育性鉴定、冷水串灌、再生繁殖、收种等关键技术措施。     

同核异质温敏核不育水稻光合特性的细胞质效应

以来源于不同地域的8个水稻品种为细胞质供体,以温敏核不育系株1S、准S作为细胞核供体,分别连续回交12次,得到株1S和准S 2套核背景的同核异质温敏核不育系,比较了新质源不育系与其对照不育系的光合特性。结果表明,在株1S同核异质不育系中,以日本晴为细胞质源的不育系株1-5S的Pn、Fv'/Fm'、Phi PS2和q P均显著大于对照株1S,而以V20A为细胞质源的不育系株1-3S则显著小于对照株1S;在准S同核异质不育系中,以茶陵野生稻为细胞质源的不育系准-8S的Pn、Fv'/Fm'、Phi PS2和q P均显著大于对照准S,而以Lemont为细胞质源的不育系准-7S的Pn、Fv'/Fm'、Phi PS2和q P及以V20A为细胞质源的不育系准-3S的Pn则显著小于对照准S。V20A细胞质对不育系的光合效率有负效应,茶陵野生稻细胞质和日本晴细胞质在特定的质核互作中有明显的正效应。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.