Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Principles of Veterinary Radiography: S. W. D ouglas and H. D. W illiamson (1964). Balliere, Tindall and Cox, London. Price 45s.
Small Animal Anaesthesia: Proceedings of a Symposium organized by the British Small Animal Veterinary Association. Edited by O. G vraham -J ones (1964) Pergamon Press, Oxford. Price 80s.
Lagomorphs; 4, Aves; 5, Ungulates; and 6, Carnivores. The layout is good and the Editor has provided commendable uniformity in presentation which allows for easy reference.
The Veterinary Annual, 1963/64: Edited by W. A. P ool (1964) John Wright, Bristol, Price 45s.
Current Veterinary Therapy 1964–1965: Edited by R obert W. K irk (1964) W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia and London. Price 105s.
Proceedings of 9th Nordic Veterinary Congress, Section 1: Report of Special-prakiserende Dyrlaegers Forening (Veterinary Specialists Association) Meeting (1963) Garl F. R. Mortensen, Copenhagen.
Proceedings of 5th International Symposium on Diseases in Zoo Animals: Published as supplement to Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeske , 89, 1964. Amsterdam.     

《中华人民共和国兽药典》2015年版三部培养基部分增修订概况

解读《中华人民共和国兽药典》2015年版三部培养基质量标准的增修订内容和特点,以便广大使用者了解和掌握培养基质量标准的变化,并为《中华人民共和国兽药典》2020年版的编制提供建议。     

USP18分子通过Ⅰ型干扰素通路影响猪瘟病毒复制的研究

猪瘟病毒(CSFV)感染无特定病原(SPF)猪后,分离猪外周血单个核细胞进行转录组分析,数据显示病毒感染后泛素特异性蛋白酶18(USP18)基因的转录水平明显上升。为研究USP18分子对CSFV复制的影响及其作用机制,本研究通过构建过表达USP18的细胞系及应用特异性小干扰RNA下调表达USP18的方法,采用荧光定量PCR验证USP18对CSFV增殖的影响,结果显示USP18分子能够促进CSFV的复制;通过检测IFN-β、NF-κB及ISRE的启动子活性及I型干扰素(IFN-I)信号通路的下游分子m RNA的转录水平,采用荧光定量PCR和双荧光酶报答试验分析USP18对IFN-I信号通路的影响,结果显示USP18分子抑制IFN-I信号通路。以上结果表明CSFV通过诱导USP18分子的上调表达,抑制了IFN-I途径,从而逃避天然免疫防御,进而促进自身的复制。本研究为明确CSFV与宿主之间的相互作用及CSFV致病机制提供参考依据和奠定基础。     

The history of veterinary parasitology in Spain

A short history of the various contributions to the development of veterinary parasitology in Spain is given by considering five periods: (a) from the earliest times to the establishment of the first Veterinary Examination Board (Protoalbeiterato, A.D. 1500); (b) from 1500 to the creation of the Schools of Veterinary Medicine (1792-1793) and unification of the Veterinary profession (1850); (c) from 1850 to the appearance of parasitology as an autonomous discipline in the curricula; (d) from 1912 to the creation of Departments of Parasitology and Parasitic disease in the Faculties of Veterinary Medicine (1976); (e) from 1976 to the present day. In each period, the main contributions are considered and commented on, both from the parasitological and professional points of view. Finally, the role of veterinarians in modern Spanish parasitology is considered.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Journal of the American Veterinary Radiology Society (1962), A.V.R.S.
The Merck Veterinary Manual (Second Edition) (1961), Edited by 0. H. SIEGMUND
Geflügel-Krankheiten (Second Edition) (1962). K. FRITZCHE and E. GERRIETS
Leeches (Hirudinea). Their Structure, Physiology, Ecology and Embryology
Animals and Ourselves (1962). MAXWELL KNIGHT
Diagnostic Methods in Veterinary Medicine (Fifth Edition) (1962). G. F. BODDIE.
Veterinary Service in World War II (1961).     

养殖场中动物源大肠杆菌blaCTX-M-27基因的传播特征探究

从2014年和2016年保存的来自河南、广东、山东和湖北4个省1 100株食品动物肠道大肠杆菌中筛选出58株blaCTX-M-27阳性菌株,采用药敏试验测定产blaCTX-M-27的大肠杆菌对20种抗生素的敏感性,并用PCR的方法检测其所携带的其他耐药基因;通过脉冲场凝胶电泳分析各菌株之间的亲缘关系,通过接合或转化试验、复制子分型和Southern blot对携带blaCTX-M-27的质粒特征进行分析。结果显示,58株blaCTX-M-27阳性大肠杆菌对除了β-内酰胺类外的其他抗生素,尤其氟喹诺酮类呈现高水平耐药;大多数菌株还同时携带2~3种编码其他抗生素的耐药基因。PFGE分型结果表明,来源于同一采样地及不同省的菌株存在克隆现象,但不同省或来自于同一省份的不同采样地之间的菌株亲缘关系较远;菌株携带的blaCTX-M-27基因全部定位在质粒上,其中38株位于可接合的IncFIB质粒,另外20株位于不可分型的质粒。     

BOOK REVIEWS Emergency case management

Self-Assessment Colour Review of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Edited by Rebecca Kirby Published by Manson Publishing
Ophthalmology for the Veterinary Practitioner By F. C. Stades, M. H. Boevé, M. Wyman and W. Neumann
The Veterinary Formulary (4th edition) Edited by Yolande Bishop Published by the Pharmaceutical Press, London, in association with the British Veterinary Association     

包虫病的流行危害和防控技术

包虫病是一种危害十分严重的人畜共患寄生虫病。尽管经过多年来的大力防控使该病已经得到有效控制,但是,在草食家畜养殖区,该病流行仍然还较为严重.随着我国人口老龄化伴发伴侣动物饲养量的增加,流浪犬在城镇成为包虫的潜在主要终末宿主,是需要密切关注的主要流行因素之一。因此,有必要就包虫病的流行、危害、致病机制和综合防治技术等再做宣传普及。     

弓形虫突触融合蛋白STXQa1对虫体生长的作用研究

为揭示弓形虫突触融合蛋白STXQa1在虫体生长过程中的作用,本研究利用ddFKBP系统构建了STXQa1的条件性过表达虫株。利用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)观察STXQa1的亚细胞定位,通过westen blot及IFA检测STXQa1蛋白的表达;经IFA检测STXQa1蛋白过表达虫株在细胞内的增殖能力、侵入细胞的能力以及逸出细胞的能力。结果显示STXQa1定位在虫体空泡样隔室(VAC);利用shield1能够快速调控ddFKBP-STXQa1融合蛋白的表达;过表达STXQa1对弓形虫的细胞内增殖具有抑制作用,同时影响弓形虫的侵入及逸出能力。本研究通过对弓形虫独特的突触融合蛋白STXQa1的表达与鉴定,为进一步研究弓形虫分泌细胞器的成熟和蛋白的分泌机制研究奠定了基础。     

猪伪狂犬病毒间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为了满足我国现阶段猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)高频突变引发新疫情诊断的需求,本实验通过生物信息学分析比较,设计合成了针对PRV g B糖蛋白高度保守的抗原优势表位区肽段,命名为g B872。以此肽段为包被抗原,经条件优化建立了新型的PRV-g B间接ELISA抗体检测方法。该ELISA方法检测结果显示,其仅对PRV血清检测为阳性,而与猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、口蹄疫病毒(O型)、猪细小病毒、猪圆环病毒2型等主要猪源病毒阳性血清均无交叉反应,表明该方法具有较强的特异性;最低检测下限血清稀释度为1∶128,高于IDEXX PRV/ADV g B抗体检测试剂盒检测下限稀释度(1∶4),表明该方法敏感性高;批内、批间重复性试验结果显示,变异系数均低于10%,重复性良好。利用该方法与Bio Chek PRV-g B抗体检测试剂盒检测90份临床血清样品,对比结果分析显示,两者阳性符合率为100%,阴性符合率为97.67%,总体符合率为97.78%;同时,采用该方法与IDEXX-g I(gE)和IDEXX-g B试剂盒分别对野毒感染血清和疫苗免疫血清同时检测,该方法可以准确识别野毒阳性血清和疫苗免疫阳性血清,与IDEXX两种试剂盒的结果一致。本研究建立的间接ELISA检测方法对PRV疫苗免疫效果评价、流行病学调查及防控提供了可靠的方法。     

抗菌肽BSN-37对大肠杆菌胞内物质泄露的影响

为了解抗菌肽BSN-37对大肠杆菌的作用机制,通过β-半乳糖苷酶试验测定了抗菌肽BSN-37对大肠杆菌CVCC1568的抑菌活性,以菌落计数法测定了抗菌肽BSN-37对大肠杆菌CVCC1568的抑菌动力学,用分光光度法测定了抗菌肽BSN-37对大肠杆菌CVCC1568细胞壁通透性,以及胞内紫外吸收物质、蛋白及核酸的泄露量。结果表明,抗菌肽BSN-37能有效抑制大肠杆菌CVCC1568的生长繁殖,随抗菌肽浓度增加,抑制活性越高,抗菌肽BSN-37作用后的大肠杆菌CVCC1568细胞壁通透性增加,胞内紫外吸收物质、蛋白和核酸的泄露量随时间延长而逐渐增加。说明抗菌肽BSN-37能破坏大肠杆菌CVCC1568的细胞壁和细胞膜,从而表现较好的抑菌活性。     

猪圆环病毒2型抗体胶体金免疫层析检测方法的建立

为建立便捷、快速检测猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)抗体的免疫层析方法,本研究利用G蛋白标记胶体金制备金标垫,以PCV2病毒样颗粒(VLPs)和兔Ig G分别作为检测线与质控线组装胶体金试纸条。检测结果显示,该试纸条与A型塞内卡病毒(SVA)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、伪狂犬病毒(PRV)等猪其它病毒抗体阳性血清无交叉反应,仅对PCV2抗体阳性血清具有高度的特异性;对PCV 2阳性血清最低检测限为1∶6 400稀释度,敏感性较高;批内、批间变异系数CV均小于5%,重复性较好。试纸条在4℃保存6个月,其特异性和敏感性无明显变化。对采集的100份临床血清样品进行检测,该方法与标准ELISA的总符合率为98%。表明本研究建立的PCV2抗体的胶体金免疫层析检测方法具有敏感、特异、稳定等特点,可以做为评价PCV2疫苗免疫效果及其感染筛查的检测方法。     

嵌合猫杯状病毒F9株感染性克隆的构建及病毒拯救

为构建猫杯状病毒(FCV)弱毒株F9的感染性克隆,本研究利经PCR分段扩增了FCV各基因片段,并拼接出FCVF9全基因组序列。经测序显示,其1823位多出一个碱基造成该序列存在移码突变,经替换为pOK-2280(已构建出的FCV强毒株的感染性克隆)相应序列并对差异氨基酸逐个突变,最终获得嵌合FCVF9全基因组的重组质粒pOK-F9H。将线性化的pOK-F9H体外转录,获得的加帽RNA转染F81细胞,得到了拯救病毒rFCVF9。经过对拯救病毒与亲本病毒的蚀斑形成能力、CPE形成能力和多步生长曲线分析,结果显示rFCVF9与亲本株在复制能力和体外生长能力方面基本一致,表明构建了嵌合FCVF9株的感染性克隆并拯救出重组病毒。本研究构建的嵌合FCVF9株感染性克隆可以为FCV的基因功能研究以及新型FCV疫苗的研发奠定基础。     

O型口蹄疫病毒样颗粒编码基因的真核表达载体构建及表达

为了构建O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)病毒样颗粒编码基因的真核表达载体,将FMDV结构蛋白VP0、VP1、VP3的基因分别克隆到真核表达载体pVAX1中,再分别通过带有BsmBⅠ、EcoRⅠ和SalⅠ酶切位点的引物,分别对重组质粒pVAX-VP0、pVAX-VP1和pVAX-VP3扩增后进行酶切,用T4连接酶连接得到重组的真核表达载体pVAX-VP0VP1VP3。对重组真核表达载体pVAX-VP0VP1VP3进行PCR鉴定并测序。用脂质体将重组真核表达载体pVAX-VP0VP1VP3转染BHK-21细胞,用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)及Western blot检测重组真核表达载体pVAX-VP0VP1VP3在细胞中的表达情况。结果表明,成功构建了重组真核表达载体pVAX-VP0VP1VP3,并在BHK-21细胞中得到表达。     

临泽县牛羊布氏杆菌病的流行病学调查与血清学检测

为预防临泽县牛羊布氏杆菌病的发生,采用问卷调查和血清学检测的方法对临泽县7个乡镇的奶牛和肉羊养殖情况以及布氏杆菌病的流行情况进行调查。结果发现,本县养殖方式主要是圈养或圈养及放养,养殖户对布病危害和相关法规政策认识不足,防护消毒措施不重视。在采集的1280份奶牛血样和23115份羊血样中,牛阳性率达0.23%,羊阳性率达0.52%。根据调查结果,提出布病防控的建议和措施。     

Providing high-quality research training for veterinary pathologists in Europe

Despite their key role in a wide range of fields relating to animal and public health, there is currently a lack of veterinary pathologists in Europe. In 1999, to help address the problem, the European College of Veterinary Pathologists (ECVP) and the European Society of Veterinary Pathology (ESVP) established a joint Education Committee. In this Special Article, Professor Anja Kipar and colleagues, all members of the committee, describe the ECVP/ESVP Summer Schools in Veterinary Pathology programme, which aims to provide high-quality research training for veterinary pathologists from all over Europe and beyond.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒接触感染仔猪模型的建立

为了建立猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)接触感染模型,将易感仔猪与PRRSV人工感染仔猪在隔离器中同居饲养,每日观察记录体温变化和临床症状,定期采集血清和粪便样品,用荧光定量RT-PCR检测病毒血症和粪便排毒水平;对病死猪和试验结束迫杀猪进行剖检和肺脏组织病理学检查,并检测各器官病毒载量和组织分布。结果显示:接触感染仔猪出现高热和PRRS症状时间分别较人工接种猪推迟2~3d;第3天起血清检测PRRSV阳性,第10天病毒血症上升至较高水平(108.6拷贝/mL);第5天起粪便检测PRRSV阳性,第7天粪便排毒量上升至较高水平(103.9拷贝/0.1g);3头接触感染仔猪分别于同居后第12天和第13天死亡,较人工接种猪推迟1~2d,病死猪的主要器官病毒载量以及剖检和肺脏显微病理变化与人工接种病死猪相似。这些结果表明,本研究建立的接触感染仔猪模型可用于PRRS疫苗免疫效果评价。     

All-purpose veterinary education: a personal perspective

The Recognition Lecture is an annual honor awarded by the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC) to an individual whose leadership and vision have made significant contributions to academic veterinary medicine and the veterinary profession. In 2011, this prestigious honor was awarded to Dr. Peter Eyre, Dean Emeritus of the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine (VMRCVM). Dr. Eyre is a fierce advocate for veterinary medical education, with a clear vision of its value in ensuring that veterinarians are well positioned to meet societal needs. Dr. Eyre possesses an international perspective regarding the challenges and problems facing veterinary medical education and has a keen eye for getting to the heart of these challenges. He is known to ask hard questions and propose difficult choices. Dr. Eyre received his undergraduate veterinary degree (BVMS), bachelor of science degree, and PhD from the University of Edinburgh. He was Lecturer in Pharmacology at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies for seven years before joining the faculty of the University of Guelph's Ontario Veterinary College, where he was Chair of the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Associate Director of the Canadian Centre for Toxicology. Dr. Eyre was appointed Dean of the VMRCVM in 1985, where he established the Center for Government and Corporate Veterinary Medicine in 1989. After retiring in 2003, he was named Interim Dean of the University of Calgary's new veterinary school. Among his many awards are the Norden Distinguished Teacher Award and the Sigma Psi Excellence in Research Award. In 2008 the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) honored him with the President's Award, and in 2010 the University of Edinburgh awarded him the honorary degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery. The Peter Eyre Student Leadership Award at the VMRCVM and the Peter Eyre Prize in Pharmacology at the University of Guelph are both named in his honor. He is a past president of the AAVMC, a fellow and former board member of the American Academy of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and a former member of the AVMA Legislative Advisory Committee. In the following article, Dr. Eyre offers his insights on the current debate about the future of veterinary medical education.     

Fifty years of the British Equine Veterinary Association as a facilitator of progress in equine clinical science

The British Equine Veterinary Association (BEVA) was established in 1961 and launched the Equine Veterinary Journal (EVJ) in 1968. This review outlines some of the major advances in equine science and practice that have occurred in that time and the role played by the Journal in facilitating those developments.     

美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP4蛋白中和活性单克隆抗体制备及其抗原表位鉴定

为制备具有中和活性的抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的单克隆抗体(MAb)并鉴定其抗原表位,本研究利用PRRSVSD53株的超离病毒作为免疫原,按常规方法免疫BALB/c小鼠并进行细胞融合。采用PRRSVSD53株和真核表达的PRRSV各结构蛋白作为检测抗原,应用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)筛选到一株稳定分泌抗SD53株GP4蛋白的杂交瘤细胞株(LM26)。抗体亚类鉴定其为IgG2a,轻链为κ链。原核表达一系列截短的GP4蛋白鉴定LM26的抗原表位结果显示,LM26识别的抗原表位序列为57VVLQDI^62,此抗原表位在美洲型PRRSV中相对保守。病毒中和试验结果显示,MAb LM26仅针对PRRSV SD53株具有中和活性,中和效价最高为1∶50,对其它美洲株PRRSV均不具有中和活性。该MAb的制备为进一步研究PRRSVGP4蛋白的结构和功能奠定了基础。