Plasma 3S gamma-1-globulin: identity with erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B

The 3S (gamma1), 2S (gamma2), and 0.5S (gamma2) fractions of human plasma are heterogeneous in protein composition. Although each fraction contained a relatively small amount of protein antigenically related to the immunoglobulin light chains, most of the proteins were unrelated to immunogloublin G or its light chains. Of the 3S (gamma1)-globulins the greater part was immunochemically identical to carbonic anhydrase B and had carbonic anhydrase activity. These findings explain earlier reports of an immunochemical similarity between 3S (gamma1)-globulins and immunoglobulin light chains in spite of marked differences in amino acid and peptide composition between the two. Apparently not all plasma gamma-globulins are necessarily immunoglobulins.     

Chemotactic and anaphylatoxic fragment cleaved from the fifth component of guinea pig complement

The fifth component of guinea pig complement, with a sedimentation coefficient 7.8S, is cleaved by sensitized sheep erythrocytes treated with the first four components of complement into two fragments with sedimentation coefficients of 7.4S and 1.5S. The smaller fragment, with a molecular weight of about 15,000, possesses chemotactic activity for rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes, as well as anaphylatoxic activity for guinea pig ileum.     

Carbon tetrachloride poisoning in rats: alteration in ribosomes of the liver

Microsomes from livers of albino rats treated with carbon tetrachloride were compared with those from normal rats with respect to their ability to incorporate amino acid. Acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning results in depressed capacity of microsomes to incorporate amino acid. From ultracentrifugal data, there is an apparent dissociation of 79S ribosomes into 54S components.     

Activation of muscarinic potassium currents by ATP gamma S in atrial cells

Intracellular perfusion of atrial myocytes with adenosine 5'-(gamma-thio) triphosphate (ATP gamma S), an ATP analog, elicits a progressive increase of the muscarinic potassium channel current, IK(M), in the absence of agonists. In this respect, ATP gamma S mimics the actions of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) analogs, which produce direct, persistent activation of the guanyl nucleotide-binding (G) protein controlling the K+(M) channel. The effect of ATP gamma S on IK(M), however, differs from that produced by GTP analogs in two aspects: it requires relatively large ATP gamma S concentrations, and it appears after a considerable delay, suggesting a rate-limiting step not present in similar experiments performed with guanosine 5'-(gamma-thio) triphosphate (GTP gamma S). Incubation of atrial homogenates with [35S]ATP gamma S leads to formation of significant amounts of [35S]GTP gamma S, suggesting that activation of IK(M) by ATP gamma S arises indirectly through its conversion into GTP gamma S by cellular enzymes. ATP gamma S is often used to demonstrate the involvement of protein phosphorylation in the control of various cellular processes. The finding that cytosolic application of ATP gamma S can also lead to G-protein activation implies that experiments with ATP gamma S must be interpreted with caution.     

中国西南麦区小麦品质改良限制因素探讨

 为研究西南地区自然条件下的小麦优质育种问题，利用SDS-PAGE分析了四川几个主要育种单位近年育成的小麦新品系（种）的HMW-GS组成，测定了它们的蛋白质组分和主要品质性状。在46个供试的新品系（种）中，1和2*，7 + 8，5 + 10等亚基的频率分别为41.3%、58.7%和50.0%。供试材料在Glu-1基因座的品质评分平均为7.37分，高于全国的平均水平，其中有8个品系（种）得分为10分，占17.4%。结果表明，近年来育成的小麦品种（系）群体中,优质谷蛋白亚基基因频率显著提高；粗蛋白(平均14.09％)和湿面筋(平均36.5%)含量得到了较大的改良,年份间表现较为稳定；然而它们的稳定时间、沉淀值和降落值普遍较低而且在年份间极不稳定，是西南麦区品质育种的主要限制因素。但这些性状显示了品种间的巨大差异，变异系数较高,因此可以通过育种加以改良。相关分析结果指出：品质评分与各品质特性均呈极显著正相关；粗蛋白与湿面筋含量彼此显著正相关；谷蛋白含量与沉淀值和稳定时间，稳定时间与沉淀值、降落值均呈显著正相关，指出谷蛋白含量比粗蛋白含量对面包烘烤品质更重要。本研究指出，针对我国西南麦区的气候条件，在小麦的优质育种中，除注意优质谷蛋白亚基的引入、粗蛋白和面筋含量的提高外，还必须同时注意谷蛋白含量的改良、以及稳定时间、沉淀值和降落值的深入研究和直接选择。     

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基表达量与小麦加工品质性状的关系研究

 高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基表达量是影响小麦品质性状的重要原因之一。用251份我国秋播麦区主栽品种和高代品系研究了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基表达量与全粉蛋白质含量、SDS沉降值、和面时间、耐揉性及弱化值的关系。结果表明,20亚基的表达量最高,而8亚基的表达量最低。高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基表达量与全粉蛋白质含量和SDS沉降值的相关系数较高,与和面时间、耐揉性及弱化值的相关系数较低。就单个亚基的表达量而言,5亚基的表达量与SDS沉降值、和面时间、耐揉性和弱化值的相关性较高,皆达1%的显著水平,相关系数分别为0.38,0.46,0.37和0.37,10亚基的表达量与全粉蛋白质含量、SDS沉降值、和面时间、耐揉性和弱化值的相关系数较小,分别为0.22,0.08,0.03,0.04和-0.03.     

Molecular diversity of the ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase from photosynthetic microorganisms

The ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylases from green and blue-green algae and the purple sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium are proteins with high molecular weights and with sedimentation coefficients of 18 to 21 Svedberg units. The carboxylases of the Athiorhodaceae are smaller, that of Rhodospirillum rubrum being a 6.2S molecule, and those of the two species of Rhodopseudomonas are 12S and 14.5S.     

分泌抗水稻细菌性条斑菌单克隆抗体杂交瘤株的建立及其在种子检验上的应用

本文首次报导了通过硫酸铵沉淀法提取水稻细菌性条斑菌(Xanthomonas campestris pv.oryzicola)(以下简称细条菌)的蛋白质,并以它作抗原建立了4个杂交瘤细胞株E_5、E_8、A_5和F_(11),其培养物上清的ELISA效价为1:20～1:160,腹水效价为1:10~6～1:10~7。该4个细胞株所分泌的单克隆抗体(McAb)与58个不同来源的细条菌都呈阳性反应,而对参试的具有一定代表性的其它13个细菌种,均呈阴性反应。试验还表明,4种McAb是针对同一抗原决定簇的,其亲和力大小为:E_8>A_5>E_5>F_(11)。应用McAb进行种子带菌检验也获得成功。     

Reticulocyte protein synthesis: response of ribosome fractions to polyuridylic acid

Reticulocyte ribosomes with sedimentation coefficients greater than 100S ("heavy" ribosomes) appear to be considerably more active in hemoglobin synthesis than are 78S ribosomes. When assayed for the ability to synthesize polyphenylalanine in the presence of polyuridylic acid, the 78S ribosomes and "heavy" ribosomes have similar activities. Polyuridylic acid inhibits incorporation by "heavy" ribosomes of amino acids other than phenylalanine.     

Heat capacity of superconducting ternary molybdenum sulfides

The heat capacities of AgMo(4)S(5), PbMo(6)S(7), and SnMo(5)S(6) are reported. These ternary molybdenum sulfides have been found to be bulk superconductors with very large values of electronic heat capacity coefficients and very low values of Debye temperatures.     

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基作为面包小麦品种烘烤品质评价指标的研究

以面包小麦品种为材料,研究了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基与小麦品质性状（包括籽粒蛋白质含量、ＳＤＳ沉降值及比沉降值）的关系。相关分析及逐步回归分析结果表明,Ｇｌｕ－Ｂ１和ＧＬｕ－Ｄ１位点控制的亚基等位变异与品质性状密切相关。Ｇｌｕ－Ｂ１的品质效应来源于７＋８亚基、１７＋１８亚基与７＋９亚基之间的差异;Ｇ１ｕ－Ｄ１的品质效应则来源于５＋１０亚基与２＋１２亚基之间的差异。还对现有的几种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的评分方法进行了评价。     

普通小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基与沉淀值的关系

运用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析了２个杂交组合Ｆ３株系和国内１４个普通小麦品种的ＨＭＷ谷蛋白亚基组成、亚基对ＳＤＳ沉淀值的效应、Ｇｌｕ－１品质评分与ＳＤＳ沉淀值的关系。结果表明,不同亚基对ＳＤＳ沉淀值的贡献不同。其中,亚基５＋１０优于２＋１２或４＋１２;１和２,７＋８和７＋９的作用相近。Ｇｌｕ－１品质评分与ＳＤＳ沉淀值极显著正相关     

GAMMA-GLOBULINS: QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIPS IN HUMAN SERUM AND NONVASCULAR FLUIDS

Three types of gamma-globulins, gamma(2), gamma(IA), and yim, are present in certain body fluids and secretions in proportions significantly different from those of normal human serum. A lthough ylA-globulin is present in only small amounts in serum, it represents a major fraction of the gamma globulin of tears, bile, saliva, colostrum, and fluid of the small intestine.     

小麦重要品质性状的QTL定位

【目的】发掘重要性状的QTL及其分子标记进行小麦品质分子改良。【方法】采用PH82-2/内乡188杂交后代240个F5:6家系,按照Latinized α-lattice设计,2004～2005年度分别种植在河南焦作、安阳和山东泰安。对籽粒蛋白质含量、Zeleny沉降值、和面时间、8分钟带宽、峰值粘度和稀懈值进行测定,利用188个SSR标记和4个蛋白标记构建遗传连锁图谱,采用复合区间作图法（CIM）对上述6个品质性状进行QTL定位。【结果】 籽粒蛋白质含量检测出3个QTL,分布在3A、3B染色体上。在1B、1D和3B染色体上检测到3个控制Zeleny沉降值的QTL,其中位于1B和1D染色体上的QTL在3个地点均检测到,可解释5.5％～17.6％表型变异。发现3个控制和面时间的QTL,分布在1B和1D染色体上,在3个地点均能检测到,贡献率为7.9％～55.3％;检测出8分钟带宽的QTL 5个,其中1B和1D染色体上的QTL在3种环境下均能检测到,贡献率为11.7%～33.9%。发现峰值粘度QTL 4个,分布在1A、1B、3A和7B染色体上;检测出稀懈值QTL 5个,位于1B、4A、5B、6B和7A染色体上。1B染色体上存在同时控制Zeleny沉降值、和面时间、8分钟带宽、峰值粘度和稀懈值的QTL,与最近标记Glu-B3j连锁距离为0.1～0.8cM,说明1BL/1RS易位对这些性状有重要影响;1D染色体上存在同时控制Zeleny沉降值、和面时间和8分钟带宽的QTL,与最近的标记Dx5+Dy10连锁距离为2.5～3.3cM,表明Dx5+Dy10高分子量谷蛋白亚基对这3个性状影响很大。和面时间和8分钟带宽位于1B和1D染色体的QTL以及稀懈值位于1B染色体上的QTL在3个地点均能检测到,具有环境稳定性。【结论】本研究定位的品质性状的标记可作为小麦品质分子育种的工具。     

小麦品种品质性状变异及优质基因的鉴定

分析了50个小麦品种的蛋白质含量、SDS沉降值、碱性水保持力和膨胀势等品质性状的变异,分别用PCR特异扩增和SDS-PAGE对1Dx5、1Dy10亚基基因和糯质基因进行了检测.筛选出一批高蛋白、强面筋的小麦品种,如MW18、安农9043、安农91168和安农9267,都含有1D5 10亚基基因.筛选出碱性水保持力和蛋白质含量都较低的小麦品种Tincurrin、皖麦48和Caldwell,推荐作为软质小麦育种的亲本使用.鉴定出小麦品种扬97-65和川96003缺Wx-B1,#445缺Wx-A1.试验表明,高分子量麦谷蛋白5 10亚基基因在现有小麦品种中已有较高的比例,而糯质蛋白基因缺失型品种尚少见.     

大豆花叶病毒(SMV)一强株系的若干特性

将从大豆黑农16号分离的毒株SMV-H-16与美国阿肯色州分离的两个毒株SMV-S-6及S-7比较,三毒株的寄主范围基本相同,只系统侵染大豆,在几个菜豆品种上形成局部斑.H-16局部侵染昆诺藜,而S-6、S-7则不能.按Cho与Goodmon系统,H-16属G 5株系,S-6及S-7属于G 1株系.H-16及S-6提纯,在蔗糖梯度柱上只形成一条病毒区带.H-16电泳分析RNA及外壳蛋白质均只形成一条带,其分子量分别为2.9×10~6-3.2×10~6及26,000-26,500.分析超速离心只出现一个峰.沉降系数为135-138S.三株系与已知SMV抗血清作用生成沉淀线,彼此间不形成刺状物而完全融合.与WMV-2及WMV-E的抗血清呈阳性反应,而与TRSV、BPMV及WMV-1的抗血清呈阴性反应.粒体线状,长740mm左右.病叶组织中易见风轮状筒形内含物,并可见到病毒粒体.     

Instrumental conditioning of lemon sharks

The sedimentation constant of an infectious component in ribonucleic acid preparations from foot-and-mouth disease virus has been determined by density-gradient centrifugation. A sedimentation constant of 37 Svedberg units (S(t)) was obtained. On the assumption that the relation between the molecular weight and the sedimentation constant found by Gierer is applicable to our system as well, a value of 3.1 x 10(6) was calculated for the molecular weight of the infectious component.     

296份黄淮麦区小麦品种资源在江苏淮北地区的品质分析

为了解黄淮麦区小麦品种资源在江苏淮北地区的品质表现并筛选适于江苏淮北地区种植的优质小麦品种,利用多功能近红外分析仪检测了296份小麦品种的品质。结果表明:面团形成时间、稳定时间和面粉沉淀值的变异系数较大,而籽粒容重、出粉率和面团吸水率的变异系数较小。籽粒蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量、沉淀值、形成时间、稳定时间呈极显著正相关;容重与湿面筋含量呈极显著负相关。聚类分析将品种分为5类群,其中第Ⅰ类群集中了大部分强筋品种,第Ⅱ类群大部分为中筋品种,第Ⅳ类群为弱筋。陕西、河南、江苏和安徽选育品种在品质性状上有显著差异。通过对全部品种各项指标进行筛查,40份品种符合强筋优质标准,其中河南17份、江苏11份、陕西10份、安徽2份。     

Electrophoretic heterogeneity of polypeptide chains of specific antibodies

Heavy and light polypeptide chains isolated from different specific antibodies to haptens and from (gamma)G-immunoglobulin of normal rabbits have been resolved into distinct, multiple components by disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of urea. In spite of the resolution of these chains into multiple bands, different specific antibodies and normal rabbit (gamma)G-immunoglobulin were indistinguishable from each other by this method.     

缢蛏体形性状对活体重和肉重的影响效果分析

随机选取丹东东港市黄土坎镇沿海滩涂的缢蛏150只,测定其壳长(X1)、壳高(X2)、壳宽(X3)、活体重(Y)和肉重(Z),共5项性状。运用相关分析、通径分析,计算了以体形性状为自变量,重量性状为因变量的相关系数、通径系数、决定系数及相关指数,定量分析缢蛏体形性状对重量性状的影响效果。结果表明,3个体形性状对活体重和肉重(熟)的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);3个性状对活体重的通径系数达到极显著水平(P<0.01);壳高和壳宽对肉重(熟)通径系数达到极显著水平(P<0.01),说明壳长、壳高和壳宽是影响活体重的主要因素;壳高和壳宽是影响肉重(熟)的主要因素。利用多元回归分析,剔除不显著性状,分别建立了体形性状对重量性状的回归方程:Y=-18.763+0.151 X1+0.698 X2+0.432 X3;Z=-7.997+0.293 X2+0.251 X3。以上体形性状对重量性状影响效果的分析结果为缢蛏遗传与育种提供了基础参考。