Molecular characterization of Ditylenchus dipsaci on garlic in Turkey

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Garlic plant, which has an important place in the world economy as well as in human nutrition, is grown extensively in Turkey. The stem and bulb nematode,...     

大蒜鳞茎腐烂病的病原鉴定

从江苏太仓产蒜区及南京周边市场采集的病蒜上分离到 5株细菌和 3种真菌 ,经柯赫氏法则验证 ,均确定为大蒜鳞茎腐烂的病原菌。经细菌形态特征观察和生理生化性状测定结果表明 :g W、g 1属芽孢杆菌 (Bacillus spp .) ;g Y、g 2为欧文氏菌 (Erwinia spp .) ;g 3属红球菌 (Rhodococcu ssp .)。真菌的形态特征观察鉴定结果表明 :3株真菌F1、F2、F3分别属于黄青霉 (Penicillium chrysogenum Thom)、黑曲霉 (Aspergillus niger van Tiegh)和尖胞镰刀菌 (Fusarium oxysporum)     

Characterization of two races of the stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) in Israel

Two distinct races ofDitylenchus dipsaci in Israel were identified: one, which infects and damages onion and garlic, reproduces on pea, but does not infect phalaris grass; and a second, which infects and damages phalaris—and, probably, also ‘Saia’ oats—but fails to infect onion and garlic. A new ‘garlic’ race of the nematode does not appear to have been introduced into Israel together with the ‘Lavinia’ garlic cultivar, as previously speculated, but rather the introduced Lavinia clone is highly susceptible to the existing ‘onion and garlic’ race ofD. dipsaci.     

Stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, associated with a dry rot of potato tubers

About 10% of the ware-sized tubers from a 1990 potato crop were found to have dry rot. The affected tubers had well defined circular patches of dry rot, either with the tuber surface depressed and cracked, or with deep, open cavities where the tuber surface had disintegrated. The rotted tissues contained large numbers of the stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci. This is the first recorded case in the UK; dry rot of potato tubers is usually caused by the potato tuber nematode D. destructor.     

镰刀菌对大蒜根系分泌物的敏感性与其致病力相关分析

试验采用菌丝生长速率法测定了大蒜根系分泌物对3种供试植物病原镰刀菌的抑菌活性, 并进一步分析了18株从腐烂蒜瓣上分离的尖孢镰刀菌和12株从小麦赤霉病样分离的禾谷镰刀菌对大蒜根系分泌物的敏感性及致病力之间的关系。研究结果表明, 大蒜根系分泌物对供试镰刀菌均具有抑制活性, 但从腐烂蒜瓣上分离的尖孢镰刀菌对根系分泌物的敏感性低于其他菌株。致病力分析结果表明, 供试的18株尖孢镰刀菌均能使蒜瓣发病, 但致病力与其对根系分泌物的敏感性无明显相关性; 供试的禾谷镰刀菌中对根系分泌物不敏感的4株菌株能侵染蒜瓣, 但敏感性高的菌株不能侵染蒜瓣, 且根系分泌物对禾谷镰刀菌的抑制率与禾谷镰刀菌致病力之间呈显著的负相关。这表明大蒜根系分泌抑菌物质是根系抵御镰刀菌侵染的重要机制, 但一些菌株能对根系分泌物产生抗性, 从而侵染大蒜。综上所述, 大蒜根系分泌物对镰刀菌具有抑制活性, 可以利用大蒜和其他作物间作或轮作控制镰刀菌枯萎病的发生和蔓延, 但长期利用大蒜轮作或间作控制土传病害可能面临镰刀菌对大蒜根系分泌物产生抗性, 导致防效降低的风险。     

百合种球包衣防治鳞茎病害技术研究

百合种球经11种药剂包衣，浸种处理，配合花前药剂灌蔸二次．结果表明不同药剂处理对百合成苗率、收获率、茎腐病、根腐病防治效果、产量质量的影响．差异较明显。其中以18％绿野种农剂包农最好，成苗率达100％，收获率达99．17％，对茎腐病、根腐病的防效分别达85．88％和87．85％，其余处理除50％施保功对茎腐病防效达75．97％外，防效均在60％以下，产量也以18％绿野包衣剂最高，平均产量达2．1kg/m^2，折合667m^2产量为1400．7kg．较对照增产149．99％，且对百合生长安全，应用前景看好。     

Viral reinfection affecting bulb production in garlic after seven years of cultivation under field conditions

Six sequential field experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2002 to evaluate virus reinfection in garlic cv. Amarante and its effect on bulb production. The treatments in the year 1999 were: T₁ – virus-free garlic-seed obtained by thermotherapy and meristem-tip culture and indexed for virus by immuno-sorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) under its first field cycle; T₂, T₃ and T₄ – garlic-seed in the second, third and fourth field cycles, respectively; and C – standard garlic-seed from the grower (with no control of virus infection) as a control. In the years 2000 to 2002, a new plot of virus-free seed was added to the experiment and cloves from the previous treatments were again grown under field conditions. In the fourth year of experiments, the treatments comprised T₁ (virus-free garlic seeds under the first field cycle) to T₇ (garlic-seed in the sixth field cycle) and C. Two experiments were conducted in the years 1999 and 2000, at two locations and in the years 2001 and 2002 only one experiment per year at one location. The combined analysis of variance for all experiments indicated a significant difference between the treatments for plant height and yield. The bulbs were classified into commercial classes according the Brazilian regulation and the commercial classes 4–7 were 72 %, 60%, 59%, 53% and 35% of the total number of bulbs harvested, from T₁ to T₅, respectively. Virus reinfection at the end of the second field cycle, determined by serology using antisera against the most common viruses of garlic in Brazil reached 83%. Treatments T₁–T₇ yielded 118%, 79%, 57%, 51%, 39%, 33% and 31% higher than the control.     

A demonstration of bulb mite control by solar heating of the soil

The bulb miteRhizoglyphus robini Claparède is a soil pest of onion and garlic in Israel. We assayed its control by solar heating of the soil, by means of mulching with transparent polyethylene. Laboratory-infested peanut seeds were buried to various depths either in non-mulched or in mulched soil. At depths of 10 and 20 cm all mites died within 10 days; at 30 cm most mites died after 20 days and complete mortality occurred after 30 days.     

鳞球茎茎线虫实时荧光PCR检测技术的研究

传统的线虫形态学鉴定存在经验性强和幼虫难以鉴定等不足.本文根据线虫ITS基因序列多态性,设计鳞球茎茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)特异的TaqMan探针,建立了实时荧光PCR检测方法.对茎线虫属的鉴定实验表明:只有鳞球茎茎线虫产生特异性荧光信号,同属的其他线虫均检测到荧光信号.整个检测过程只需30min到2h,能够满足口岸检验检疫快速通关的要求.     

乙·乙氧氟乳油防除大蒜田杂草的效果

通过43%乙.乙氧氟乳油对大蒜田杂草的防除试验表明,该除草剂是一种高效安全的大蒜田播后苗前除草剂,推荐田间应用剂量以43%乙.乙氧氟乳油100~120 m l/667m2为宜。     

异丙草胺防除大蒜田杂草药效试验初报

1材料与方法 1．1供试药剂供试药剂为72％异丙草胺乳油(无锡瑞泽农药有限公司生产)，对照药剂为33％施田补乳油(巴斯夫有限公司上海分公司生产，市售)。     

截获的鳞球茎茎线虫的检验鉴定

2007年、2008年和2010年,广东检验检疫技术中心分别3次从来自迪拜、也门旅客携带的大蒜和荷兰进境的郁金香种球中截获检疫性有害生物——鳞球茎茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci(K(u|¨)hn,1857)Filipjev,1936)。对上述线虫进行了形态观察、测量,并对后两者的28S-D2D3的序列进行了扩增、克隆、测序,与Ditylenchus dipsaci(FJ707360-363)的同源性达99%。其中从荷兰进境的郁金香种球中截获鳞球茎茎线虫为系统内首次从贸易产品中检出,国家质检总局向荷方进行了通报,并发布《关于荷兰郁金香种球传带鳞球茎茎线虫的警示通报》。     

施果乳油防除大蒜田杂草试验报告

为了探明 34%施果 (二甲戊乐灵·乙氧氟草醚 )乳油对大蒜田杂草的防除效果及对大蒜的安全性 ,为大面积推广应用提供科学依据 ,受江苏龙灯化学有限公司委托 ,于 2 0 0 2～ 2 0 0 3年进行了田间药效试验。1　材料与方法1 1　供试药剂供试除草剂有 :34%施果乳油 (江苏龙灯化学有限公司提供 )、33%施田补乳油 (德国巴斯夫有限公司生产 )、2 4 %果尔乳油 (美国罗门哈斯公司生产 )。1 2　试验设计试验设 7个处理 :(1) 34%施果乳油 4 0ml/6 6 7m2 ;(2 ) 34%施果乳油 5 0ml/6 6 7m2 ;(3) 34%施果乳油 6 0ml/6 6 7m2 ;(4) 34%施果乳油 80ml/6 6 7m2 ;…     

A Chemo Attractant in Onion Root Exudates Recognized by Ditylenchus dipsaci in Laboratory Bioassay

ABSTRACT A quantitative bioassay that translates preferences of axenically cultured and field population of Ditylenchus dipsaci, observed in vitro, into relative attractiveness of sterile root exudates preparations and their components is described. Onion (Allium cepa cv. White Lisbon) root exudates (ORE) are consistently and significantly much more attractive than the buffer control in all these assays. Exudates from oat cv. Lodi, mustard cv. Albatross and tomato cv. Rehovot 13 are significantly more attractive than the buffer but less attractive than ORE; Arabidopsis sp. cv. Landsberg erecta, oil seed rape cv. Cetes and wheat cv. Bet Hashita are as attractive as the buffer, but canary grass and clover exudates are less attractive than the buffer and, therefore, are classified as repellent. No significant differences in relative attractiveness were detected among exudates from other two cultivars of onion (Texas Grano 502 and Granex Hybrid) and one cultivar of leek (Large American Flag), but exudates from one onion (cv. Evergreen Long White Bunching) and one leek (cv. Broad London) were less attractive than ORE. Relative attractiveness is linear in relation to dilution exponent and therefore log-linear in relation to ORE concentration. Host (onion) penetration study reveals that penetration preferences by D. dipsaci follow the same pattern as those predicted by relative attractiveness coefficients estimated in the bio-assays. Preliminary characterization of the chemo attractant from ORE, using the behavioral bioassay, demonstrated that it was stable to heat and to proteolytic enzymes, nonvolatile and water soluble with a molecular mass <700 kDa.     

On the non-occurrence of Ditylenchus dipsaci in India

On the basis of results of surveys, examination of materials collected through exploration trips for gene banks and research, phytosanitary inspection of germplasm material meant for export (in 1976/2003), published literature and crop protection databases, it is reported that, though congenial climatic conditions prevail and host crops are under regular production in the area, the important pest Ditylenchus dipsaci does not occur in India.     

不同杀菌剂拌种防治小麦全蚀病研究

为筛选防治小麦全蚀病的高效安全药剂,对多种杀菌剂在不同浓度下的防效以及对小麦的安全性进行了盆栽试验.结果表明,硅噻菌胺和苯醚甲环唑在推荐浓度下对小麦全蚀病有很好的防治效果,并且对小麦出苗、苗高没有显著影响;咯菌腈的防效与苯醚甲环唑相似,但对小麦出苗有轻微的抑制作用;其他几种杀菌剂对小麦全蚀病也能起到很好的防治效果,但是对小麦的生长有一定的抑制作用.从防治效果、对小麦安全性以及抗药性治理方面综合考虑,将硅噻菌胺、苯醚甲环唑和咯菌腈等交替或混合使用是防治小麦全蚀病比较好的策略.