BOVINE NASAL GRANULOMA (ATOPIC RHINITIS) IN VICTORIA EXPERIMENTAL REPRODUCTION BY THE PRODUCTION OF IMMEDIATE TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY IN THE NASAL MUCOSA

SUMMARY The Australian type of bovine nasal granuloma (bovine atopic rhinitis) was reproduced clinically, grossly and histopathologically in 7 of 9 experimental cattle by subjecting them to repeated acute episodes of immediate-type hypersensitivity on their nasal mucosa over periods of several months.     

A PROTRACTED CASE OF CRYPTOCOCCAL NASAL GRANULOMA IN A STALLION

SUMMARY A 13-year-old Standardbred stallion presented with a unilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge and airway obstruction was found to have an extensive cryptococcal nasal granuloma. Treatment was not attempted. The stallion was destroyed 26 months later having completed 2 successful breeding seasons. The granuloma had gradually increased in size and almost completely occupied the left nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It was characterised histologically by fibrous and myxomatous tissue and masses of yeasts. A cryptococcal granuloma found within the wall of the jejunum could represent evidence of dissemination, and organisms were seen within alveoli, bronchioles and the intestinal lumen.     

RADIOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF DEFECTS OF THE NASAL BOUNDARIES

The sensitivity of conventional radiography for lesions of the cribriform plate, naso-orbital wall, lateral nasal wall and hard palate was investigated in 13 canine cadaver heads by creating measured defects in these structures. The location of the perforations were marked with a thin copper wire and the radiographic appearance of the defects was evaluated retrospectively by a single reviewer. Despite demarcation cribriform plate destruction of 2 mm could not be detected. Defects of 3 mm were detected in only 2 heads, 4 mm defects in 1 further head, an oblong 4 x 10 mm defect in 7 heads and in the remaining 3 heads only a 10 x 10 mm defect became visible as such. The naso-orbital wall had to be destroyed in its whole vertical length for detection of a defect in ventrodorsal or dorsoventral views. Therefore conventional radiography is of low diagnostic value for these lesions. Defects of 2 mm in the lateral nasal wall and the hard palate could be detected confidently in all heads indicating high sensitivity of conventional radiography. Soft tissue opacification did not alter the detectability of any nasal border structure lesion.     

SPERMATIC GRANULOMA IN THE RAM: DIAGNOSIS BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS

Ultrasonographic appearance of the testis and epididymis, and seminal characteristics, with regard to localization of spermatic granuloma were studied. In rams with spermatic granuloma (n = 9), diagnosed by clinical or ultrasonographic examinations before histopathological confirmation, localization of each lesion was recorded. Epididymal granulomas, caput and cauda, were seen as anechoic or hyperechoic areas with a distinct margin with or without a hyperechoic capsule. Granulomas in the testis were microscopic and, therefore, could not be detected by ultrasonography. Enlargement in the mediastinum testis was detected in all rams when there were granulomas in the caput. Heterogeneous testis parenchyma invaded by numerous hyperechoic foci, representing testicular degeneration, was associated with granulomas both in the epididymis and testis. Ultrasonographic appearance of the lesions did not differ with regard to season. Seminal characteristics varied between rams. It was concluded that ultrasonographic evaluation may give valuable information in the diagnosis of sperm granuloma in the ram.     

繁殖障碍型猪瘟的控制

1999年 1 1月我师某团猪场发生了一种繁殖障碍型猪瘟 ,经采取综合防制措施 ,得到了有效控制。报告如下。1　流行病学调查该场为商品猪场 ,年存栏生产母猪 5 0 0头左右 ,自繁自养。附近为某连居民区 ,连队居民 5 0 %以上家庭养猪 ,年出栏商品猪 2 0 0 0头以上。1 999年以前 ,该场猪瘟免疫程序为 :公母猪及体重 70 kg以上后备猪每年春秋两季免疫 ;仔猪 30、60日龄二次免疫。免疫剂量均为猪瘟弱毒苗 1头份。自 1 996年以来 ,本地区时有猪瘟疫情发生 ,于是在 1 999年将免疫程序和免疫剂量做了调整 ,并付诸实施。公猪、仔猪免疫程序同调整前 ;母…     

ASYMMETRIC NASAL MUCOSAL THICKENING IN HEALTHY DOGS CONSISTENT WITH THE NASAL CYCLE AS DEMONSTRATED BY MRI AND CT

The nasal cycle is a physiological phenomenon that causes regular cyclical congestion and decongestion of the venous sinusoids lining the nasal mucosa. The purpose of this prospective study was to describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic (CT) features of the normal nasal cycle in a group of dogs. Five dogs were recruited that met the following criteria: 8 to 15 months old, nonbrachiocephalic breed, no clinical signs or history of nasal disease, and undergoing anesthesia for problems unrelated to the nasal cavity. Nasal MRI (n = 5) and CT scans (pre‐ and postcontrast, n = 5) were acquired. Images were evaluated subjectively by two board‐certified radiologists and objectively by a diagnostic imaging intern using regions of interest placed on each side of the nasal cavity. Findings were compared using Cohen's kappa coefficient and Students t‐test on log‐transformed data. All dogs showed diffuse unilateral mucosal thickening of the rostral part of the nasal cavity in both MRI and CT studies. This mucosal thickening shifted sides between examinations in three dogs. Changes appeared most marked on T2‐weighted scans. No asymmetric mucosal changes were seen in the mucosa of the ethmoturbinates, vomer–nasal septum, hard palate or the frontal sinuses in any patient on MRI or CT. Computed tomographic contrast enhancement of the thickened mucosa was not statistically significant (P‐value < 0.08). In conclusion, the normal nasal cycle may cause asymmetrical mucosal changes in the rostral part of the nasal cavity that mimic MRI and CT characteristics previously reported for inflammatory disease in dogs.     

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE CANINE NASAL PASSAGES

A normal German shepherd dog underwent CT imaging with contiguous 10 mm thick images made of the nasal cavity from the caudal limit of the frontal sinuses to the rostral aspect of the nose. Normal structures were identified. This normal anatomic information will be of use in assessing CT images of dogs suspected of having nasal cavity disease.     

RADIOTHERAPY OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS OF THE CANINE NASAL PLANE

Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal plane in eight dogs was treated with radiotherapy. Radiotherapy failed to control the tumor in each dog. Mean time until treatment failure was apparent was 2.9 months. Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal plane in dogs appears to respond more poorly to radiotherapy than does squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva.     

爱多收对大鼠的生殖毒性研究

本文选用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠进行了生殖毒性研究，检测了饮水中分离含４０、２００和１０００ｐｐｍ的爱多收对大鼠生殖机能、胎鼠的生长发育和胎鼠致畸作用的影响。其试验结果是：１．在试验期间各组试验动物的健康状况、行为表现、增重和饲料转化率均无明显影响。２．对生殖机能的影响：中、低剂量组不影响雌鼠的受孕率，而高剂量则导致雌鼠的受孕率明显下降。各剂量组对受孕鼠的平均黄体数、着床数、活胎数、吸收胎儿数和死胎数均无     

RADIOGRAPHY OF THE CANINE NASAL CAVITY: SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF THE TRABECULAR PATTERN

A radiographic study was performed on the maxilla of two healthy dogs to assess the effect of replacement of air by fluid and removal of conchae on the radiographic appearance. The purpose was to determine the significance of the presence or absence of the fine trabecular pattern on radiographs of the canine nasal cavity. The results indicate that the radiographic appearance of the maxillary conchae is primarily based on the presence of soft tissues covering the bony conchae, in combination with surrounding air. The radiographic appearance of the ethmoidal conchae is caused by the bony structures themselves. It is concluded that a loss of the characteristic parallel pattern in the cranial part of the nose is primarily the result of silhouetting of maxillary conchae by fluid. A loss of the fine trabecular pattern is caused by destruction of conchae.