Co-inoculation of Acacia mangium with Glomus intraradices and Bradyrhizobium sp. in aeroponic culture

Acacia mangium grown in aeroponic culture was co-inoculated with selected strains of Bradyrhizobium sp. and Glomus intraradices. A single-step technique using alginate as an embedding and sticking agent for an inoculum composed of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM)-infected sheared roots was used to infect plants. This method resulted in the successful establishment of AM in 100% of the inoculated plants after 7 weeks. The results indicated that dual microbial inoculation with Glomus intraradices strain S-043 and Bradyrhizobium strain AUST 13C stimulated the growth of A. mangium in aeroponic culture. The effects of single and dual microbial inoculations were also evaluated at two levels of P in the nutrient medium. A concentration of 5 mg P kg^–1 stimulated the development of AM without affecting plant development or establishment of Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. In contrast, saplings supplemented with a higher concentration of P (25 mg kg^–1) alone or co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium had lower AM frequencies.     

Nitrogen-fixing potential of Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis seedlings inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium spp.

Summary Two Australian Acacia species, A. mangium and A. auriculiformis were inoculated in vitro with eight strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. and two strains of Rhizobium spp. On the two plant species, only Bradyrhizobium spp. strains formed effective N₂-fixing nodules. A. mangium, which nodulates effectively with a restricted range of Bradyrhizobium spp. strains, is a specific host compared to A. auriculiformis. A. auriculiformis is assumed to be a promiscuous host because it nodulates effectively with a wide range of Bradyrhizobium spp. strains. Nodule efficiency as expressed by the ratio of N₂ fixed to nodule dry weight appeared to be higher in A. auriculiformis (0.44–0.81) than in A. mangium (0.23–0.55).     

Growth and yield of soybean varieties inoculated with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bradyrhizobium</Emphasis> spp in N-deficient calcareous soils

This research reports the effect of Bradyrhizobium spp strains on dry matter yield, nodulation and seed yield of soybean varieties grown in N-deficient soil in Uzbekistan in pot and field experiments, in 2001 and 2002. The results of experiments revealed that significant positive effects on growth, nodule number and yield of soybean were obtained after inoculation with Bradyrhizobium spp strains; and, generally, strains S62 and S63 were more effective than strain S61. The protein content of seeds also increased after inoculation. Both Orzu and Uzb2 soybean varieties gave a higher response than the Uzb6 variety.     

Competition between Rhizobium strain NGR234 and Bradyrhizobium strain CP283 for nodulation in Siratro investigated with the GUS reporter gene

The use of the GUS reporter gene was found to be very suitable for studying the competitiveness of the Rhizobium strain NGR234 and Bradyrhizobium strain CP283 for nodulation in siratro. However, the expression from the transposon mTn5SSgusA20 declined in the nodules of old plants, particularly the nodules at 35 d after inoculation and onward. Siratro inoculated with both gusA-marked NGR234 and CP283 strains showed a similar nodulation and acetylene reduction activity (ARA) to those of their parental strains. No major changes in nodulation and symbiotic properties in these marked strains were observed. When the Rhizobium strain NGR234 and Bradyrhizobium strain CP283 were inoculated separately to siratro, both of them were found equally effective for nodulation in the plant. But when the Rhizobium strain NGR234, and gusAmarked Bradyrhizobium strain CP283 were co-inoculated to the plants in a ratio of 1:1, the strain NGR234 occupied 75% of the nodules, while, the strain CP283 occupied only 25%, irrespective of the growth stages and inoculum concentrations. Similar results were also observed in the plants in which the Bradyrhizobium strain CP283 and gusA-marked Rhizobium strain NGR234 had been co-inoculated. Thus, the Rhizobium strain NGR234 was more competitive for nodulation in siratro.     

The Effect of Different Compost Compositions on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization and Nutrients Concentration of Leek (allium Porrum L.) Plant

ABSTRACT

Plant residue material produced compost is an organic fertilizer source and it is commonly used for soil amendments. Also in order to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers need mycorrhizal inoculation can be used as an agricultural strategy. Thus, the aim of the research is to examine the effect of several residue materials produced compost and mycorrhizae fungi with two growth media on leek plant growth, nutrient uptake, and mycorrhizae spores’ production.

Eight different row organic materials and animal manures were used as compost production during 8 months. Leek (Allium porrum L.) plants were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and Claroideoglomus etunicatum with a level of 1000-spore per pot. The leek plant was analyzed for determination of nutrient concentration, root colonization, spore production, and shoot/root dry weight.

The composts were made from domestic waste, animal manure (bovine animal), animal manure (ovine animal), and different plant materials were determined to be the most suitable compost material for plant growth and mycorrhizal spore production compared to the rest of compost material. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased leek plant growth and nutrient uptake especially phosphorus (P), potassium (K), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Plants grown in 5:3:2 (volume/volume) growth media was responded better to the mycorrhizal inoculation than grown in 1:1:1 (v/v) growth media. Funneliformis mosseae inoculated plants have higher plant growth and nutrient uptake than that of Claroideoglomus etunicatum inoculation.     

Competition among strains of Bradyrhizobium and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root infection and their effect on plant growth and yield

Summary Strains of Bradyrhizobium influenced root colonization by a species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM), and species of VAM influenced root nodulation by strains of Bradyrhizobium in pot experiments. In a field experiment, the effects of VAM on competition amongst inoculated bradyrhizobia were less evident, but inoculation with Bradyrhizobium strains increased root colonization by VAM. Certain VAM/Bradyrhizobium inoculum strain combinations produced higher nodule numbers. Plants grown without Bradyrhizobium and VAM, but supplied with ammonium nitrate (300 g ml^–1) and potassium phosphate (16 g ml^–1), produced higher dry-matter yields than those inoculated with both symbionts in the pot experiment. Inoculation with either symbiont in the field did not result in higher pod and haulm yields at harvest.ICRISAT Journal Article No. 886     

Dual inoculation of peanut with Glomus sp. and Bradyrhizobium sp. enhanced the symbiotic nitrogen fixation as assessed by 15N-Technique

Abstract

The response of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi (Glomus etunicatum) and Bradyrhizobiurn sp. was studied in pots by the acetylene reduction activity (ARA) and ‘A-value’ methods. The soil used was a Light-coloured Andosol and the treatments consisted of the inoculation of VAM fungi only, inoculation of Bradyrhizobium only, dual inoculation of VAM fungi and Bradyrhizobium and control, under non-sterilized and sterilized soil conditions.

In the non-sterilized soil the ARA and nitrogen fixation determined by the ‘A-value’ method increased significantly only by dual inoculation of VAM fungi and Bradyrhizobium at 100 days after planting (DAP), but no significant difference was observed at 70 DAP. In the case of dual inoculation, 75% of the nitrogen of the plant was derived from fixation whereas the plants inoculated only with Bradyrhizobium derived 68% of their nitrogen from fixation and the control plants, 64%. Amount of P in plant increased significantly only by dual inoculation with VAM fungi and Bradyrhizobium.

In the sterilized soil a highly significant increase in the ARA was observed of the dual inoculation at all the sampling times. Nitrogen fixation determined by the A-value technique and N and P contents in plant also increased significantly by dual inoculation. Results obtained by the A-value method showed that plants with dual inoculation derived 68% of their nitrogen from fixation while the plants inoculated only with Bradyrhizobium, 38%.

From our this study we conclude that nitrogen fixation as well as N and P contents in peanut increased significantly only by dual inoculation with VAM fungi and Bradyrhizobium.     

高效亲和的花生寄主植物-根瘤菌株组合

本文针对栽培花生，从大、小共生体双方研究了寄主植物－根瘤菌株组合的亲和性。结果指出：（１）在温室水培盆栽条件下，用菌株１４７－３接种的寄主植物结瘤、固氮能力育成品种〉普通型；（２）血清学鉴定出５个不同血清型菌株，其竞争力或回收率与寄主品种、根瘤菌株和土著菌数密切相关；（３）在温室与田间条件下，不同花生寄主一根瘤菌株组合存在着广谱或特异共生亲和性与非亲和性的差异，并鉴定出高效、广谱亲和的品种徐州６－     

Effects of some Nigerian Bradyrhizobium inoculants on the performance of three cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata) in two field plots

Summary We assessed the effectiveness of three locally made lignite, subbituminous coal and cowmanure-based cowpea Bradyrhizobium inoculants in comparison with a peat-based imported Bradyrhizobium incoculant in a two-field plot investigation. The local inoculants were prepared by incorporating three rhizobia strains (Ife CR9, Ife CR15 and Bradyrhizobium japonicum) into each of the above carrier materials and were used to inoculate three cowpea seed varieties: TVU 1190, IT 82E-60 and Ife brown. With lignite-based He CR9 inoculated into TVU 1190 seeds, total N content of the plants was 178.6 mg/plant compared with only 64.3 mg/plant for the uninoculated nitrate-free control plants. With Nigerian lignite, sub-bituminous coal and cow manure as carriers for cowpea rhizobia, the cowpea yield of the inoculated plants increased by 72%, 54% and 10%, respectively, compared with uninoculated plants, while the peat-based inoculant gave a 25% increase in cowpea yield. With lignite-based Ife CR9 inoculated into Ife brown seeds, total N content of the plants was 149.1 mg/plant, but with inoculation by lignite-based B. japonicum, total N content of the treated Ife brown plant was 132.4 mg/plant. Thus, the native Ife CR9 strain seems to be slightly better adapted to tropical conditions than the imported B. japonicum.     

Antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas spp. on pathogenic fungi and enhancement of growth of green gram (Vigna radiata)

species were isolated from the rhizosphere of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] and some of the rhizobacterial isolates were found to have a wide range of antifungal activity inhibiting growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Aspergillus sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani in culture. These isolates also showed slight inhibition of the growth of a Bradyrhizobium strain (Vigna) in a spot test which was mainly a result of nutrient competition as culture supernatants of the Pseudomonas isolates did not inhibit the growth of bradyrhizobia but inhibited the growth of fungi. The rhizobacterial isolates produced siderophores in Fe-deficient succinate medium. However, the inhibition of fungal growth by different Pseudomonas isolates in Luria Bertani and King's medium B which were not limiting in Fe³⁺ ions suggested that, besides siderophores, other antifungal compounds (antibiotics) produced by these rhizobacteria were involved in antagonism. On coinoculation of green gram with Pseudomonas strains MRS13 and MRS16 and Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna) strain S24, there was a significant increase in nodule weight, plant dry weight and total plant N as compared to inoculation with Bradyrhizobium strain S24 alone, suggesting that the nodule-promoting effects of Pseudomonas sp. lead to an increase in symbiotic N fixation and plant growth. Received: 27 October 1997     

Rhizobium sp. exopolysaccharide production,nodulation, and acetylene reduction activity (N2-fixation) in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

Summary There was no correlation between the quantity of exopolysaccharide produced and acetylene reduction activity by Rhizobium spp. or by Bradyrhizobium spp. (Cajanus). The exopolysaccharide-defective mutants of Rhizobium sp. strain P 116 either failed to nodulate or showed a decrease in effectiveness. The deficiency in exopolysaccharide production was corrected by the addition of purified exopolysaccharide from the parent strain, or from Bradyrhizobium sp. strain P 149 or S24 isolated from pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and mungbean (Vigna radiata), respectively. However, the nodules so formed were not fully effective compared to those formed by the parent strain.     

Susceptibility and effectiveness of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in wheat cultivars under different growing conditions

Summary Wheat cultivars assumed to be non-susceptible to vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae became colonized, and this effect persisted under different growth conditions. Colonization of all cultivars was similar regardless of the amount of inoculum and the time interval of inoculation. Different plant growth temperatures and the support given by the culture media, inoculation with different endophytes, and inoculation with sterilized and unsterilized spores affected VA colonization levels, although the level of colonization reached in cv. Champlein was similar to that reached in cv. 7-Cerros under each condition. VA mycorrhizal colonization was also affected by different plant growth conditions. After VA reinoculation, the plant dry weight of Castan and 7-Cerros increased, but not Negrillo and Champlein cultivars. VA mycorrhizae increased the shoot dry weight of 7-Cerros only, but not of Champlein, when grown at 35/24°C, and had no effect on the dry weight of either cultivar grown at 18/12°C and 42/24°C. Inoculation with Glomus mosseae increased the dry weight of the cultivars more than inoculation with G. fasciculatum or G. agregatum. The effect on the plant dry weight was greater in plants grown in soil than in sand/vermiculite pots. Inoculation with sterilized and unsterilized spores of G. mosseae, either in soil pots or in sand/vermiculite tubes, did not increase the plant dry weight. Our results indicate that there was no close relationship between the level of root colonization and the effect on plant growth. The effects of accompanying microorganisms in the VA inoculum on VA mycorrhizal symbiosis are discussed.     

Tomato seedling development is improved by a substrate inoculated with a combination of rhizobacteria and fungi

Chile's seedling production industry has been growing for the last 10 years, and demand has actually reached 1250 million seedlings per year. This system has special relevance due to the high cost of seeds. In addition, there is an increasing demand for substituting synthetic agrochemicals. Therefore, the potential use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in tomato production has been investigated. Before sowing, the micro-organisms provided by Biogram S.A. were inoculated into the substrate diluted in 250 mL/L unchlorinated water. The experiment was laid out in a ‘split-plot’ design with the two plant substrates as main plots and the inoculants as subplots, including six replicates per treatment. Tomato seedlings were grown using two different plant substrates: a mixture of 70% peat and 30% perlite by volume, and a substrate with 20% peat, 20% perlite and 60% compost by volume, both inoculated with Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas fluorescens or Bioroot®, which is a commercial product containing B. subtilis, P. fluorescens, Trichoderma harzianum, yeast, algae and Nocardia. For control, uninoculated tomato seedlings were grown on the respective plant substrates. Variance analysis did not identify significant interactions between substrate type (main plots) and inoculation treatment (subplots), P ≤ 0.05. There were significant differences between inoculants (P ≤ 0.05). Means were compared by using the Tukey's multiple range test. Tomato growth in terms of leaf area (cm²/plant) and shoot and root dry weight (g/10 plants) was improved for the seedlings grown on the substrate with 70% peat and 30% perlite, compared to the compost containing an alternative that is valid for both uninoculated perlite peat and all inoculated treatments where perlite peat was outstanding. Inoculation with Bioroot® improved the leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, radical contact area, volume of roots and root forks compared with the control without inoculation, when both plant substrates were analysed together. Thus, inoculation with Bioroot® can be recommended as an alternative to tomato seedling growers' dependence on synthetic agrochemicals.     

Maize genotype effects on the response to Azospirillum inoculation

Two field experiments were carried out in Northern Argentina, during the 1989–1990 and 1990–1991 growing seasons, on Argentinian and Brazilian maize genotypes. The inoculant consisted of a mixture of four Azospirillum brasilense strain isolated from surface-sterilized maize roots in Argentina and three A. lipoferum strains isolated from surface-sterilized maize or sorghum roots in Brazil. Establishment of the inoculated strains was confirmed by the antibiotic resistance of the strains in the highest dilution vials. In all treatments, numbers of Azospirillum spp. were increased and the inoculated strains were found in the highest dilutions. While grain yields of the different genotypes varied between 1700 and 7300 kg ha^-1, total N accumulation was much less variable. Significant inoculation effects on total N accumulation and on grain yields were consistently negative with one Argentinian genotype and positive with four Argentinian and two Brazilian genotypes. Significant inoculation effects on leaf nitrate reductase activity at the flowering stage, observed in the range-55% to +176%, indicated the presence of various interactions between the plant NO _inf3 ^sup- metabolism and Azospirillum spp. Three Brazilian and one Argentinian maize genotype showed significant decreases in leaf nitrate reductase due to inoculation while four Argentinian genotypes showed significant increases in leaf nitrate reductase activity. The results of the present study, were consistent over the two field experiments and strongly indicate that more detailed plant genotype-Azospirillum spp. strain interaction studies, taking the entire N metabolism in the plant into account, are needed to allow better inoculation results of cereal crops.     

Influence of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the competitive ability of Bradyrhizobium spp. for nodulation of cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp in non-sterilized soil

Summary We examined the influence of a vesicular-arbuscular (VAM) fungus (Glomus pallidum Hall) on the competitive ability of introduced and native Bradyrhizobium strains to nodulate cowpeas [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp]. Our experiments in non-sterilized soil revealed that in the presence of VAM fungus, introduced Bradyrhizobium spp. strains become more competitive than native rhizobia. For example, strain JRC29 occupied 59.2% of the total nodules when inoculated alone, but this figure increased to 71.2% when JRC29 was used in dual inoculations with VAM fungus. A similar pattern of enhanced competitiveness for nodule formation was observed with the two other strains in the presence of the VAM fungus. Our results suggest that the competitiveness of rhizobia can be enhanced by co-inoculating with a selected strain of a VAM fungus.     

Inhibitory effects of acidic minesoil on the sericea lespedeza/Bradyrhizobium symbiotic relationship 1

Effects of acidic minesoil on sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza juncea (L.F.) var. sericea (Mig.)] and its nitrogen (N₂)‐fixing symbiotic relationship with Bradyrhizobium spp. were examined. Sericea lespedeza was grown in pots with N fertilization, without N fertilization, or with commercial Bradyrhizobium as a seed inoculant. Minesoil (pH 5.2) was fertilized with calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), molybdenum (Mo), and potassium (K), and the pH level was adjusted to 4.8 or 4.5 with aluminum or iron sulfate [Al₂(SO₄)₃; Fe₂(SO₄)₃]. Minesoil was also limed to pH 6.1. Shoot dry weights, shoot N concentrations, nodule dry weights, and nodule numbers were significantly lower (P < 0.05) when inoculated plants were grown in soil at pH 4.5 and 4.8 compared to limed soil. Thus, the N₂ fixation process was adversely affected below pH 5.0. Nitrogen‐fertilized plants grew well in acidified soil, and there were no significant differences in shoot dry weights of such plants among the soil acidification treatments including limed soil. Thus, the N₂‐fixing symbiosis appeared to be more sensitive to acidified soil than the plant host. The effects of Al toxicity versus other factors could not be determined because Al₂(SO₄)₃‐ and Fe₂(SO₄)₃‐amended soils contained similar levels of toxic Al at the highest pH (4.8) that prevented N₂ fixation.

Time periods required for cells of Bradyrhizobium strains to multiply by a factor of 10⁴ were significantly longer (P ≤ 0.05) in extracts of Al₂(SO₄)₃‐amended soil (pH 4.8 and 4.5) than in extracts of calcium carbonate [CaCO₃]‐amended soil (pH 6.1). These increases suggested that reduced multiplication of Bradyrhizobium in acidified minesoils may have been at least partially responsible for the large decreases in nodulation and N₂ fixation observed in these soils. It was also reasoned that the inability of existing bacteria to infect and nodulate plant roots may also have been a factor, based on the high inoculation rates used and the abilities of Bradyrhizobium cells to survive and multiply (albeit at a reduced rate) in extracts of acidified soil. Sericea lespedeza is known to tolerate soils of pH 4.5. However, results of this study suggested sericea lespedeza may not fix appreciable N₂ in acidic soil below pH 5 when inoculated with commercial Bradyrhizobium, even after the establishment of lespedeza plants tolerant of such conditions.     

Interactions of Glomus clarum with Acetobacter diazotrophicus in infection of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), and sweet sorghum (Sorghum vulgare)

Summary Spores of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus clarum obtained from sweet potatoes grown in soil inoculated with this fungus and with an enrichment culture of Acetobacter diazotrophicus contained A. diazotrophicus and several other bacteria, including a diazotrophic Klebsiella sp. Inoculation of micropropagated sweet potatoes with G. clarum and A. diazotrophicus enhanced spore formation in soil compared to VAM inoculation alone. Plants inoculated with VAM spores containing the bacteria showed additional increases in the number of spores formed within roots. A. diazotrophicus infected aerial plant parts only when inoculated together with VAM or when present within VAM spores. Micropropagated sugarcane seedlings inoculated with the same VAM spores containing the diazotrophs also contained much higher numbers of A. diazotrophicus in aerial parts than seedlings inoculated in vitro with the bacteria alone. When grown in non-sterile soil, the sugarcane seedlings again showed the greatest infection of aerial parts after inoculation with VAM spores containing the diazotrophs. This treatment also increased VAM colonization and the numbers of spores formed within roots. Similar effects were observed in sweet sorghum except that the aerial plant parts were not infected by A. diazotrophicus.     

Inoculation of rice plants with the endophytic diazotrophs Herbaspirillum seropedicae and Burkholderia spp.

 Four experiments were performed under gnotobiotic conditions to select strains of the endophytic diazotrophs Herbaspirillum seropedicae and Burkholderia spp. as inocula of rice plants. Eighty strains of H. seropedicae originally isolated from rice, sorghum and maize plants, were tested in test tube cultures with N-free agar as the substrate. Rice plants showed medium and high increases in their fresh weight in response to inoculation with nineteen strains. These strains were tested again, and six strains were then selected to evaluate their contribution to the N of the plant via biological N₂ fixation (BNF) using an agar growth medium containing 5 mg N l^–1of ¹⁵N-labelled (NH₄)₂SO₄. The contribution of the strains to plant N via BNF varied from 54% when rice plants were inoculated with strain ZAE94, to 31% when strain ZAE67 was used. These results were confirmed in the fourth gnotobiotic experiment, which also included strains of the new N-fixing bacteria belonging to the genus Burkholderia, isolated from rice, as well as a strain of Burkholderia vietnamiensis, isolated from rice rhizosphere. Burkholderia spp. strains showed similar effects to those observed for H. seropedicae strains, while B. vietnamiensis fixed only 19% of plant total N. The best four strains were tested in a pot experiment where pre-germinated, inoculated rice seedlings were grown in soil labelled with ¹⁵N. The results confirmed the gnotobiotic experiments, although the levels of N in the rice plants derived from BNF of the selected H. seropedicae and Burkholderia spp. strains were lower. Nevertheless, there was an increase in N content in grains of inoculated plants, and the results showed that the method used for strain selection is very useful and can be applied to other strains of N₂-fixing bacteria and plants. Received: 4 May 1999     

Influence of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on stable isotopes of nitrogen in Phaseolus vulgaris

The interactions between Phaseolus vulgaris, Rhizobium spp. strains nodulating P. vulgaris, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were assessed under greenhouse conditions in a nonsterilized Typic Haplustalf soil from Cauca, Colombia. Our results indicate a specific involvement of AM fungal species in nitrogen acquisition by the legume plants from symbiotic nitrogen fixation and from soil. A significant specific influence of inoculation with Glomus spp. on the ¹⁵N/¹⁴N ratio in plant shoots was dependent on the inoculated rhizobial strain, but AM fungal inoculation had no significant effect on shoot dry weight or nodule occupancy in the two different rhizobial strain treatments. The results imply that in low P soils the effects of an improved mycorrhizal symbiosis may include improved symbiotic N₂ fixation efficiency and/or improved soil N uptake. Received: 11 May 1996     

Inoculation with Native Bradyrhizobia Strains Improved Growth of Cowpea Plants Cultivated on a Saline Soil

Selection of osmotolerant rhizobia gained importance because of increasing soil salinity in many regions. A field experiment in the Cauto Valley was conducted to determine the effect of seed inoculation with two native strains of Bradyrhizobium sp. on biological nitrogen (N)-fixation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) on a salt affected soil. Inoculation with both strains resulted in higher numbers of nodules, specific N-fixation, and yields of cowpeas than the control without inoculation. The strain VIBA-1 (Bradyrhizobium liaoningense) was partly superior to VIBA-2 (Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense). This study indicates that the strains inoculated are competitive against other natural strains and able to nodulate cowpea.