基于模拟退火人工鱼群混合算法确定含水层参数

水文地质参数是地下水数值模拟中重要的参数,通过抽水试验进行水文地质参数的反演,用一个复杂的非线性优化问题来描述,由于传统方法如图解法等因人为因素造成计算结果精度低。利用鱼群算法良好的全局搜索能力和模拟退火较强的局部寻优能力相结合的混合算法反演含水层参数。实例证实,混合算法计算结果比传统方法计算结果更可靠、精度更高,反演的参数代入泰斯公式后计算降深值符合实际降深值,与人工鱼群算法相比,运行更短,计算效率更高,是一种求解出含水层参数的简单、有效的方法。     

水电站综合出力系数变化规律及应用研究

水电站中长期优化调度对于提高水资源利用效率具有重要作用,但采用定出力系数造成优化模型的计算结果不够精细。针对这一问题,通过出力系数的影响因素分析,选取水库水位和发电流量(或出力)为主要影响因子,再应用厂内负荷优化分配模型推求出力~水库水位~综合出力系数关系,并应用于水电站中长期发电优化调度数学模型。经棉花滩水电站长系列计算表明:该方法与定出力系数法的多年平均发电量相差4.34%;出力系数变化规律更符合生产实际。因此,该方法对于开展水电站中长期精细化管理具有较好的参考作用。     

基于双响应面法的地下水流数值模拟模型的替代模型研究

以内蒙古金泉工业园区水源地为研究区,在已有地下水水流数值模拟模型基础上,采用拉丁超立方抽样方法,获取输入（抽水量）数据集和输出（地下水位降深）数据集,运用双响应面方法,建立了地下水水流数值模拟模型的替代模型—双响应面模型。经验证,双响应面模型计算出的地下水水位降深均值与地下水水流数值模拟模型计算出的地下水水位降深均值的平均相对拟合误差为0.22%,地下水水位降深剩余标准差的平均相对拟合误差为0.03%,相对拟合误差都比较小,说明所建立的双响应面模型可以有效的替代地下水流数值模拟模型,这为地下水资源优化管理中替代模型的建立提供了有效的科学论证。     

土质边坡稳定安全系数影响因素的

土质边坡稳定安全系数的计算值主要与采用的简化计算方法和土工参数有关。采用正交试验法计算分析了不同的计算方法、材料参数、水位及其相关荷载、地震作用等对边坡安全系数计算值的影响，进而对设计中的计算方法和材料参数提出了一些有益的建议，并提出了在工程运行管理中应尽量避免低水位或水位骤降情况的意见，为土石坝类工程的设计与运行管理提供了重要参考。     

粒子群优化算法在确定含水层参数

以泰斯公式为例,将粒子群优化算法应用于求解分析抽水试验数据,确定含水层参数的函数优化问题．就粒子数目和待估导水系数初值范围等因素对算法收敛性的影响,进行了数值实验．结果表明：1）粒子群算法能够有效地应用于求解分析抽水试验数据,确定含水层参数计算问题;2）粒子数目的大小对运算时间和算法收敛性有一定的影响,在实际运算时,宜设置较大的粒子数;3）待估导水系数的选取初值大小对收敛速度有一定的影响,但不会影响最终计算结果．与其它方法相比较,粒子群优化算法具有原理简单、易于编程和实现等优点．     

乐昌水位站水位流量关系计算检验

无实测流量资料的水文站要建立较高精度的水位～流量关系，可根据站点所在流域自然地理环境及地区综合性的水文特征，利用上、下游邻近水文测站多年实测洪峰流量资料求得面积比指数，进而推求洪峰流量。用该法对乐昌水位（二）站水位流量进行计算、验证分析，结果表明不论是采用上游参证放大或下游参证站缩小，所建立的曲线都在流速测精度范围内。     

芭熏河一级水电站设计洪水复核研夯

针对芭蕉河流域无实测水文资料的情况，将邻近的凄水干流鹤峰水文站作为设计洪水分析研究的参证站，对历史洪水、洪水特征、暴雨特性、坝址地理参数等进行了分析，选取流量途径和暴雨途径2种方法推求了坝址处的设计洪水，对设计洪水成果进行了分析，并将成果与可行性研究阶段的成果进行了分析比较。对设计洪水的计算、分析与研究，为芭蕉河一级水电站安全鉴定、防洪评价奠定了基础，研究方法为类似的工程提供了参考，具有一定的实用性与借鉴意义。     

基于时空图像法监测流量的测量误差分析

流量测量是开展水文分析和水资源管理的必要任务,有助于了解河流的水量变化,预测洪水风险,优化水资源分配。传统接触式测流方法装置布设复杂、测量效率低,以视频测流为代表的非接触式方法极大地提高施测效率,降低了成本,但对测流结果的误差分析不足,导致测流结果在水文分析与水资源管理中的应用存在风险。为分析视频测流误差,在通过视频图像法计算断面水位、时空图像法（Space-time Image Velocity,STIV）计算断面流速的基础上,假定单次测量的误差分布,推求了水位和流速测量误差、流量测算误差及其主要来源。并定义了误差平均带宽（EAB）来定量评估误差的大小。以栾川县养子沟流域为对象开展实例研究,结果表明：在水位或流速快速上升阶段,测量误差区间较小;仅考虑水位的不确定性、仅考虑流速的不确定性,以及同时考虑水位和流速的不确定性时流量测量误差平均带宽（EAB）值分别为4.98%、10.83%和15.83%,流速测量不确定性对流量的影响比水位测量不确定性对流量的影响更大。考虑水位与流速不确定性影响的视频测流方法有利于提高流量测量准确性,为流域水资源管理提供可靠的数据支撑,特别是在需要对不断变化的...     

基于人工神经网络的地下水流数学模型参数识别

基于人工神经网络技术 ,建立了地下水二维非稳定流数学模型的参数识别模型 ,用地下水长观孔水位降深资料识别模型参数。通过实例计算分析 ,结果表明此法适用于处理复杂条件下模型参数识别问题 ,且结果稳定可靠。     

基于经验相关的城陵矶日流量模拟模型研究

基于洞庭湖水量平衡和长江干流对洞庭湖顶托作用,建立了一种经验的洞庭湖出口城陵矶流量逐日预报模型。首先建立了长江干流宜昌-枝城、枝城-监利流量的相关关系,推求枝城和监利流量;然后根据枝城站流量推求了三口分流量,根据鹿角水位或多输入单输出线性系统模型推求螺山流量;最后根据洞庭湖区鹿角水位以及长江干流监利站和螺山站的顶托作用求得城陵矶流量。模型计算结果与实测资料比较表明,不同水平年下城陵矶流量模拟的确定性系数均超过0.8,能为洞庭湖水文模拟提供新的方法。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。