滩头鱼水花发塘技术要点

<正>滩头鱼Leuciscus brandti(Dybowski)属鲤形目、鲤科、雅罗鱼亚科、雅罗鱼属、滩头雅罗鱼种,学名勃氏雅罗鱼、滩头雅罗鱼、三块鱼(国际商品名)、远东雅罗鱼、亚细亚陆鱼,地方名有大红线、小红线、大白肚、金滩头、银滩头、黑滩头、高丽细鳞等,是鲤科鱼类中唯一溯河产卵的鱼类,分布于我国图们江及绥芬河流域下游纯淡水和河口的半咸水中。通过几年来的生产实践,笔者摸索出在土池中将滩头鱼水花培育成大规格鱼种的主要技术措施,即滩     

绥芬河三块鱼属（Tribolodon）鱼类的分类学讨论

绥芬河是注入日本海的水系之一 ,其溯河洄游性鱼类种类较多 ,其中被当地渔民俗称“金滩头、银滩头和黑滩头”的鱼类是鲤科唯有的溯河洄游性鱼类。在分类学上一直都存在着争议。任慕连 ( 1 981 )将其归于三块鱼Ｔｒｉｂｏｌｏｄｏｎｂｒａｎｄｔｉ (Ｄｙｂｏｗｓｋｉ)的三个不同的洄游群体 ;尹家胜 ( 1 991 )认为金滩头和黑滩头为滩头雅罗鱼ＬｅｕｃｉｓｃｕｓｂｒａｎｄｔｉＤｙｂｏｗｓｋｉ的两个不同的洄游群体 ,而银滩头为黑滩头的性不成熟群体 ;董崇智 ( 1 995,1 996 )和张觉民 ( 1 995)认为存在两个种即珠星雅罗鱼Ｌｅｕｃｉｓｃｕｓｈ…     

绥芬河滩头雅罗鱼孵化放流的初步试验

本文首次报道绥芬河滩头雅罗鱼大批量人工孵化放流。1989年5～6月,在绥芬河东宁河段采捕、利用(?)河亲鱼3037尾,采卵1867万粒,利用自然产卵场生态条件孵化放流的雅鱼1323万尾(全长6.5mm)。     

趣谈远东牙雅罗鱼属鱼类婚姻色的变化

(续上期) [珠星雅罗鱼]关于滩头雅罗鱼和玫瑰三块齿鱼婚姻色的变化已做了介绍.二者的婚姻色是一条低于侧线的红色的条纹,其变化非常大,相应为5和4个变异类型.     

滩头鱼大规格鱼种培育技术

<正>本文重点介绍了在北方寒冷地区养殖滩头鱼大规格鱼种(大于50g/尾)的培育技术,并得出要想在本区域将当年繁殖的滩头鱼鱼苗培育成大规格鱼种,则需要人为地提前滩头鱼的繁殖时间,以尽量延长鱼种的养殖时间的结论。下一步的主要工作是保证滩头鱼亲鱼的数量。滩头鱼隶属鲤形目、鲤科、雅罗鱼亚科、雅罗鱼属、滩头雅罗鱼种,学名有勃氏雅罗鱼、滩头雅罗鱼、三块鱼(国际商品名)、远东雅     

图们江滩头鱼繁殖技术研究

滩头鱼Ｌｏｃｕｓ Ｂｒａｎｄｔｉ（Ｄｙｂｏ－ｗｓｋｉ），又名三块鱼、勃氏雅罗鱼，俗称高丽细鳞、大红线等，为鲤鱼科鱼类中唯一生活在海水中的洄游性鱼类。在我国分布于黑龙江、绥芬河、图们江。滩头鱼体长型、色彩艳丽、肉质细嫩、易上钩，是集观赏、食用、垂钓的鱼类品种之一。由于工业污染和酷捕滥捞，黑龙江、绥芬河、图们江中的滩头鱼资源急剧下降。仅图们江由建国初期年产滩头鱼２０００吨左右下降至２０００年年产几吨。滩头鱼在绥芬河几乎绝迹。由于滩头鱼肉味鲜美，多年来深受广大群众喜爱，价格逐年上升，曾达到每公斤３０多…     

剑尾鱼RW-H近交系的遗传结构分析

筛选31条随机引物对剑尾鱼的第8代近交RW-H系A、B、C3窝共11尾剑尾鱼个体基因组DNA进行RAPD扩增，计算近交系个体间及不同窝间的相似系数及遗传距离。结果筛选的31条引物共扩增出383条带，扩增片段的大小在0．2～3kb。其中多态性带30条，多态性带频率在0～58．33％，平均为7．83％。近交系剑尾鱼不同个体拥有相同条带的比率较高。计算得到近交系的平均相似系数(S)为0．9829(0．9716～0．9960)，平均等位基因频率(q)为0．8692，最低平均杂合率(H)为0．1308。同时，用5个微卫星标记对非选育剑尾鱼和近交系RW-H系的基因组进行分析，检测等位基因的个数和大小，结果5个微卫星座位在非选育剑尾鱼中显示为多态，而在近交系RW-H系除1个位点出现等位基因外，其余均为纯合子，计算得到近交系的平均遗传相似系数为0．9345，两种方法均证明近交RW-H系第8代剑尾鱼有较高的遗传纯合度。     

滩头鱼肌肉营养成分分析(上)

正滩头鱼(Tribolodon brandit)为鲤科、雅罗鱼属,冷水性,是唯一在海水中生活的溯河性鲤科鱼类。体纺锤形,头长为吻长的2.7~3.6倍,吻尖、近圆锥形,吻皮突出于上颌前,口亚下位、弧形。分布于太平洋的亚洲沿岸,北自黑龙江河口,南至日本的本州富山县以北的沿海和河川。中国的绥芬河、图们江为其产卵洄游的河流,在绥芬河和图们江滩头鱼资源历来较为丰富,最高年产量     

绥芬河三块鱼和珠星三块鱼种群的生化遗传变异及亲缘关系

采用淀粉凝胶电泳方法，对由日本海溯河洄游到中国境内绥芬河的三块鱼（Tribolodonbrandti）和珠星三块鱼（Tribolodon hakonensis）繁殖群体的生化遗传结构及变异进行比较研究。结果表明，在选取的12种同工酶中共检测出27个基因位点，三块鱼和珠星三块鱼的多态位点比例分别为22．22％和18．52％，平均杂合度分别为0．0670和0．0695；除了三块鱼的Gpi-1和珠星三块鱼的Est多态位点外，两种鱼的Ldh—1、α—Gpd-1、Sdh—1、Aat—1及三块鱼的Est多态位点上的基因型分布都显著地偏离Hardy—Weinberg平衡，表现出杂合子明显缺失或过剩现象；三块鱼和珠星三块鱼种群间相同基因位点上的等位基因分布频率出现显著的分化，遗传相似度和遗传距离分别为0．6912和0．3693。结论认为，三块鱼和珠星三块鱼的遗传多样性已达到种的差异水平。     

滩头雅罗鱼幼鱼对NaCl浓度和碱度的适应性分析

为了解滩头雅罗鱼[Tribolodon brandti(Dybowski)]对NaCl浓度、碱突变的适应能力,在水温为22～25℃,采用单因子静态急性毒性实验法对滩头雅罗鱼3月龄幼鱼进行NaCl、碱适应性研究.结果表明,在pH 7.3±0.2、碱度1.11mmol/L时,NaCl浓度对实验鱼12 h、24 h、48 h和96 h的半致死浓度(LC5o)值分别为28.81 g/L、28.57 g/L、28.51g/L和28.40g/L,安全值(SC)为8.52 g/L.在pH 8.5±0.5时、NaCl浓度为3.1～7.4g/L时,碱度对实验鱼12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h的LC50分别为98.79 mmol/L、89.31 mmol/L、79.34 mmol/L、78.45 mmol/L和68.44 mmol/L,安全值为18.79 mmol/L.本研究旨在为滩头雅罗鱼盐碱池塘养殖推广和野生种群种质资源的保护提供基础数据.     

Effects of dissolved carbon dioxide on energy metabolism and stress responses in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Elevated carbon dioxide concentrations reduce feed intake and growth in several fish species and induce stress responses. In this study, the effects of moderately elevated CO₂ levels on performance, energy partitioning, swimming activity and stress response in European seabass were assessed. European seabass (140.0 g) were reared under two levels of CO₂ (1.6 and 7.0 mg L^?1) and two feeding levels (FLs) (maintenance and satiation) for 60 days, and fish swimming speed was recorded. At the end of the experiment, fish were subjected to an acute stress test. Blood cortisol, glucose and lactate were analysed. Energy and nitrogen balances were quantified based on measurements of body composition and digestibility coefficients. Moderately elevated chronic CO₂ level did neither affect energy requirements for maintenance nor the utilization of digestible energy for growth. However, swimming activity data suggests that FL dependent alterations in energy partitioning took place. Blood cortisol values after the acute stress were affected by additional CO₂ exposure and this effect was also dependent on FL. The elevated CO₂ exposure of 7.0 mg L^?1 appears to act as a chronic stressor as adaptive responses took place, however, this CO₂ exposure seems to be still within the allostatic load of the fish.     

新疆渭干河流域鱼类资源现状

2019年5月、8月和11月,在上、中、下游共设5个采样点,采用单层刺网(网目1、2、3 cm,网长20、30、40 m)和地笼网(开口40 cm×40 cm,长8 m)调查新疆天山南麓中段塔里木河流域九大水系之一的渭干河(N 41°06′～42°42′,E 80°40′～84°10′)的鱼类资源状况.调查共采集鱼类1...     

Phenotypical and genotypical characterization of Shewanella putrefaciens strains isolated from diseased freshwater fish

Between 2007 and 2012, a variety of disease outbreaks most often characterized by skin disorders were observed among different species of freshwater fish in Poland. In most cases, the clinical signs included focally necrotized gills, necrotic skin lesions or ulcers. Internally, haemorrhages, oedematous kidney and abnormal spleen enlargement were generally noted. The disorders were accompanied by increased mortality. Most of the problems concerned cultured common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Fish have been examined from a number of these farms, and additionally, the wild and ornamental fish with similar clinical signs of diseases were also tested. Bacteria were isolated consistently from lesions and internal organs. They had characteristic orange-pigmented colonies which grew in pure culture or constituted 55–95% of total bacterial flora. One hundred and eighteen isolates were collected and biochemically identified as Shewanella putrefaciens group, and this was confirmed by sequencing. Challenge tests confirmed the pathogenicity of these bacteria. This is the first report characterizing and describing S. putrefaciens as a pathogen of different species of freshwater fish in Europe.     

环境丰容技术在鱼类增养殖中的应用研究进展

近年来,在野生渔业资源持续衰退、水产 养殖规模不断扩大、人们对鱼类福利关注度不断提升等的背景下,环境丰容作为一种全新的技术手段在水产领域受到广泛关注,被认为在野化放流鱼类行为、增加养殖鱼类产量、提升圈养鱼类福利等诸多方面均具有较大的应用潜力。环境丰容是指在增养殖生产中,采用适当方式向圈养或自然水体引入新的环境刺激,提高其异质性和复杂性,从而实现提升鱼类产量、提高鱼类福利、控制鱼类行为、改善鱼类生理目标的环境优化方式。总体来看,国际上围绕环境丰容技术的相关研究结果层出不穷,理论体系不断完善,但国内水产领域的相关研究尚处于起步阶段。本文在简要介绍环境丰容概念和分类基础上,聚焦目前最受关注的物理丰容方式,评述了物理丰容对鱼类打斗行为、生理应激、代谢生长等重要性状和放流后的适应性行为、个体适合度等增殖性状的影响,重点分析了引发研究结果差异的可能原因及其潜在神经可塑性机理,最后探讨了本领域以往研究的不足及今后的研究方向,旨在为我国开展该方面研究提供借鉴,为增养殖苗种高效健康培育与放流鱼类野化训练提供参考。     

Fish Processing By-Products as a Potential Source of Gelatin: A Review

ABSTRACT

The current practice of fish processing generates large amounts of by-products, which can account for up to three-quarters of the total fish weight. Despite the presence of several valuable components in the fish processing discards, the latter are usually dumped into landfills or at sea, having potentially harmful environmental effects or end up as low commercial value products (e.g., white fish meal). Still, fish processing by-products can be considered as an alternative raw material for the preparation of high-protein ingredients, especially for the production of food grade gelatin due to the presence of large amounts of collagen in fish skins, scales, and bones. Although fish gelatin is an alternative to the commercially available mammalian gelatins, its production on a large commercial scale has been hampered, mainly, due to the inferior quality characteristics compared to its mammalian counterparts. This review article summarizes and highlights the potential utilization of by-products generated during fish processing for gelatin extraction. Furthermore, several technical challenges and directions of ongoing research are discussed.     

Bacteriocins and their applications for the treatment of bacterial diseases in aquaculture: a review

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing sectors in the world. The increase in the world population requires faster growth in aquaculture for better food availability and to overcome malnutrition. But this worldwide growth of aquaculture is overwhelmed by catastrophic fish diseases and spoilage during cultivation and preservation problems caused by pathogenic bacteria. Various remedies are available for food preservation and also from the bacterial diseases in the fish production. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and adverse effects, an alternative to antibiotic is the need of the hour. The proteins such as bacteriocins, i.e. ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and possess antagonistic against closely related and other bacteria. These proteins are produced by most lineages of bacteria which are playing key roles in recognition and possess a cognate immunity system for self‐protection as well as host protection from infections. These proteins are potent immunomodulators with broad spectrum inhibition properties which are further used as novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we have tried to summarize the bacteriocins on the basis of their classifications, structural and functional attributes, mode of actions, bacteriocins isolated from fish and gut microbiota and presence of beneficiary bacteria in the fish gut. Further, this study highlighted where further research is a prerequisite to increase our basic understanding and search for novel bacteriocins to elucidate the proteins/peptides having antimicrobial properties for disease control in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics.     

Regulating fish movements in the Single European Market: the scope for more restrictive measures under national law

Abstract  Substantial alterations to the legal controls over fish movements have been necessary to implement the Single European Market which came into force on 1 January 1993. This seeks to liberalize trade in fish and fish products whilst avoiding ecological damage, the spread of disease and the commercial damage this may cause. The new regime governing fish movements into and within the European Union under Directive 91/67/EEC, as implemented in England and Wales, is described. Remaining national provisions based on ecological concerns (principally, section 30 of the Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975) are examined. Derogations from the principle of freedom of trade within the European Union on environmental protection grounds are assessed, and the interaction between legal restrictions based on pathological and ecological grounds is discussed.     

Changes in Red Hake (Urophycis chuss) Muscle Induced by Different Freezing Strategies

The effect of single and double freezing at ?20°C on fresh and aged red hake with two different holding times of the thawed fillets between the first and second freezing treatments was determined. In addition, twice-frozen fresh red hake was treated with two antioxidation systems to assess their effectiveness in reducing lipid oxidation. Fresh, untreated red hake at 0 time was used for comparison. Significant dimethylamine (DMA) production occurred with all frozen samples, and the differences were not marked after 7-month storage. With a storage time of 3 months, however, there were differences between the treatments in both the fresh and aged samples with the once-frozen sample producing the least DMA, the twice-frozen sample with the 24-h holding time between freezings the most, and the twice-frozen sample with a 6-h holding time between freezings giving intermediate values. All samples showed a greater than 50% loss in protein solubility as determined by lithium chloride extraction after 3 months of storage, and the protein solubility declined further when samples were tested at 7 months. Samples with the best (once-frozen fresh) and worst (twice-frozen with 24-h holding time between freezings of 5-day aged muscle) treatments had the highest thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values. Both antioxidant treatments were effective in reducing TBARS development.     

Processes of collating a European fisheries database to meet the objectives of the European Union Water Framework Directive

Abstract  FIsh Database of European Streams, a common database for the FAME project, was merged using existing data on electric fishing and environmental data. FIsh Database of European Stream is a relational database with eight tables. Metrics based on classification of fish species into guilds were calculated, and provided in separate tables. FIsh Database of European Stream contained information about 150 freshwater fish species, from 12 countries, 17 ecoregions, 40 main river regions, 2651 rivers and 8228 sites. Examples of data coverage and use are given. Relationships between environmental variables were illustrated using principal component analysis, which resulted in three environmental components – latitude, size and altitude. Environmental component scores were correlated with fish metrics used in the European Fish Index. Results exemplify how fish guilds reflect gradients in environmental variation. Benefits and problems concerning standardisation and data availability at the global level are discussed.