新型杀螨剂乙唑螨腈对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果

柑橘全爪螨是中国柑桔产区危害最严重的害虫,其抗药性产生极为迅速,抗药性水平越来越高,新型杀螨剂推出使用3年～5年后,防效很快下降。乙唑螨腈是我国自主研发的一种新型高效杀螨剂,与现有杀螨剂之间没有交互抗性,抗性风险较低,是比较理想的轮换杀螨剂。为了更好地合理使用该杀螨剂,延长其使用寿命,经济、安全、有效地控制柑橘螨害,确保柑橘优质高产,阐述了乙唑螨腈杀螨剂的科学防治方法和使用过程中的注意事项。     

40%腈吡螨酯·乙螨唑悬浮剂防治柑橘全爪螨药效试验

为明确40%腈吡螨酯·乙螨唑SC对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果和使用技术,本文开展了田间药效试验。结果表明,喷施40%腈吡螨酯·乙螨唑SC防治全爪螨后15 d,防治效果最优,其剂量最适浓度范围为57.1～61.5 mg/kg,防效最高可达94.56%,且持效期长,与对照药剂30%腈吡螨酯SC和110 g/L乙螨唑SC的防效极显著差异,对全爪螨有较好的防治效果。     

240克/升螺螨酯悬浮剂防治柑橘全爪螨田间药效试验

试验结果表明,240g/L螺螨酯SC4000倍液、5000倍液对柑橘全爪螨防治效果好,持效期长,药后40d防效仍达到90.50%以上,最差的240g/L螺螨酯SC6000倍用药后40d防效也达到86%以上,加上对果树的叶、花、果比较安全,240g/L螺螨酯可以生产中推广应用。     

20%阿维·螺螨酯悬浮剂防治柑橘全爪螨田间药效试验

以1.8%阿维菌素EC和24%螺螨酯SC为对照,进行复配药剂20%阿维·螺螨酯SC防治柑橘全爪螨田间药效试验。结果表明:20%阿维·螺螨酯SC对柑橘全爪螨具有良好的防治效果,其3000倍液和4000倍液药后1～35d防效达82.68%以上,极显著高于2个对照药剂;5000倍液防效达80.59%以上,极显著高于1.8%阿维菌素EC,速效性明显优于24%螺螨酯SC。其速效性好、持效期长、且对柑橘安全,值得在生产中推广应用。     

240g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂防治柑橘全爪螨试验

用240g/L螺螨酯SC对柑橘全爪螨进行了防治试验。结果表明:在柑橘全爪螨卵孵化盛期至若螨低龄期施用240g/L螺螨酯SC,药后20d防效最高,可达96.12%,对柑橘全爪螨均有较好的防治效果,且试验药剂对柑橘安全,其防治柑橘全爪螨推荐使用浓度为60mg/kg。     

13%阿维·螺螨酯水乳剂对柑橘全爪螨的田间防效

为验证复配剂13%阿维·螺螨酯EW对柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri的防治效果,开展了田间防治试验。结果表明,13%阿维·螺螨酯EW 2 000~3 000倍液对柑橘全爪螨田间防治效果较好,速效性好,持效期在15d以上。13%阿维·螺螨酯EW可以在生产上推广使用。     

33%阿维菌素·螺螨酯悬浮剂防治柑橘全爪螨药效试验

为明确33%阿维菌素·螺螨酯SC对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果和使用剂量,开展了田间药效试验。结果表明,在柑橘花期喷施33%阿维菌素·螺螨酯SC防治红柑橘全爪螨,施药后为害状定型后(施药后20 d),剂量浓度为60~66 mg/kg最优,防效最高达95.49%,且持效性长,与对照药剂1.8%阿维菌素EC和240 g/L螺螨酯SC的防效差异极显著,对全爪螨有较好的防治效果。     

240g/L虫螨腈悬浮剂防治柑橘全爪螨田间药效试验

用1.8%阿维菌素EC和73%炔螨特EC作对照药剂,进行240g/L虫螨腈SC防治柑橘全爪螨田间药效试验。结果显示：240g/L虫螨腈SC对柑橘全爪螨具有较好的防治效果,其1500倍液和2000倍液药后1～35d防效分别达90.92%以上和88.54%以上,高于1.8%阿维菌素EC2500倍和73%炔螨特EC2000倍,能有效地控制柑橘全爪螨的发生为害。但这一结果与过去的相关报道有较大差异,其原因有待进一步研究。     

7种药剂对柑橘全爪螨的室内毒力及田间防效

柑橘全爪螨是重要的柑橘害虫之一, 对多种化学农药已产生抗性。为合理选择防治药剂, 更好地防治该害虫, 本研究选择7种药剂采用改进浸叶法对柑橘全爪螨雌成螨进行了室内毒力测定, 并参照农药田间药效试验准则开展了田间药效试验。研究结果表明, 7种药剂对柑橘全爪螨的毒力从大到小依次为乙唑螨腈(0.818 mg/L)、丁氟螨酯(4.645 mg/L)、印楝素(4.878 mg/L)、氟啶胺(16.844 mg/L)、哒螨灵(21.167 mg/L)、乙螨唑(69.834 mg/L)、螺虫乙酯(417.089 mg/L)。乙唑螨腈和丁氟螨酯的速效性好且持效期长, 对柑橘全爪螨的防效显著高于其他供试药剂, 可作为防治的首选药剂。此外, 氟啶胺对柑橘全爪螨也有较高的毒力和防效, 作为一种广谱高效的保护性杀菌剂, 可在防治柑橘病害的同时防治害螨, 病虫兼治。     

二甲氧香酯对柑橘全爪螨的毒力测定及田间防效

利用玻片浸渍法测定了二甲氧香酯对柑橘全爪螨的室内毒力,并严格按照田间药效规范,开展田间药效试验评价了5％二甲氧香酯EC对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果.结果 表明,处理48 h后,二甲氧香酯及其制剂LC50分别为174 mg/L和114 mg/L,其对柑橘全爪螨的毒力是螺螨酯原药的1.61倍和2.46倍.田间药效结果表明,施药后...     

16种植物乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨的生物活性测定

测定了16种植物乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨成螨的产卵忌避、驱避及毒杀生物活性。试验结果表明,海芋、山苍子及盐肤木茎叶的乙醇提取物有明显的产卵忌避作用,忌避率在96.43%以上;山苍子、枫香植物乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨成螨的驱避作用明显,驱避率在80%以上;山苍子、盐肤木茎叶、牡荆和幌伞枫提取物对桔全爪螨成螨的毒杀效果明显,在处理72h后,死亡率在92%以上。     

Monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and five other acaricides in Panonychus citri collected from Chinese citrus orchards

BACKGROUND: Citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is one of the most important pesticide‐resistant pests in China. In order better to understand its resistance status, six populations of the mite were collected from Chinese citrus orchards for monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and another five acaricides. RESULTS: All the samples collected in the field in 2006 were susceptible to spirodiclofen. However, the LC₅₀ values in populations sampled in 2009 ranged from 3.29 to 418.24 mg L^?1 spirodiclofen, a 127‐fold difference between the least and most sensitive populations. Compared with a susceptible strain, 50‐fold and 90.8‐fold resistance to spirodiclofen was detected in populations sampled from Pinghe and Fuzhou in 2009, as well as cross‐resistance to spirotetramat. The LC₅₀ values for abamectin, fenpropathrin, hexythiazox and pyridaben in the collected samples ranged from 0.041 to 3.52 mg L^?1, from 23.91 to 696.16 mg L^?1, from 13.94 to 334.19 mg L^?1 and from 48.90 to 609.91 mg L^?1 respectively. CONCLUSION: Great variations in resistance to the tested acaricides were observed among the sampled populations. The Pinghe population developed resistance to all the acaricides tested. The Jianning population was susceptible to most acaricides tested, except pyridaben. Resistance management strategies were conducted on the basis of these observations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的毒力测定及田间防效

用Potter喷雾法测定了联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的室内毒力, 并通过田间药效试验评价了联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果。结果表明, 联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的LC50 为95.37 mg/L、对照药剂哒螨灵的LC50 为228.09 mg/L, 联苯肼酯的毒力为哒螨灵的2.39倍。2011-2012年田间药效试验表明, 药后1 d, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂165、195、239 mg/kg处理的防效为50%~60%, 明显低于15%哒螨灵乳油75 mg/kg处理的防效; 药后3 d, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂239 mg/kg处理的防效达到75%以上, 与15%哒螨灵乳油的防效相当; 药后15 d, 195、239 mg/kg处理的防效为88.63%~91.23%, 显著高于15%哒螨灵乳油的防效。本试验表明, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂对柑橘全爪螨的速效性较差, 但持效期长, 药效可持续15 d, 是防治柑橘全爪螨的较好药剂之一。     

Spirodiclofen and spirotetramat bioassays for monitoring resistance in citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)

BACKGROUND: Citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is a key pest of San Joaquin Valley California citrus. Spirodiclofen was registered for mite control in 2007, and spirotetramat for scale control in 2008. Because of the potential for resistance to spirodiclofen to develop in spider mites, and cross‐resistance to spirotetramat used for other citrus pests, bioassay methods for resistance monitoring were developed. RESULTS: The responses of four populations of adult female, egg and larval stages of P. citri to spirodiclofen were compared to determine the most robust bioassay method for this pesticide. Adult females responded with a higher LC₉₉ and larval stages exhibited higher control mortality and a lower slope of response compared with the egg stage. Thus, the egg stage was found to be the most suitable stage for testing. Egg production and egg shape were significantly affected by spirodiclofen treatment of adult female mites. Bioassays with the related compound spirotetramat revealed that P. citri egg hatch was less affected by this compound, requiring the assessment of mortality to be extended to 11 days after treatment when the hatched larvae succumbed to the pesticide. Discriminating concentrations of 10 ppm for spirodiclofen and 31.6 ppm for spirotetramat in an 11 day bioassay were tested against eight field populations of P. citri, and 99–100% mortality resulted. CONCLUSION: These results provide a baseline for the response of P. citri to spirodiclofen and spirotetramat that will aid resistance management in California citrus. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

柑橘全爪螨种群空间格局的地学统计学分析(英文)

应用地学统计学方法分析了柑橘园主要害螨柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri(McGregor)种群的空间格局及其动态。结果表明,柑橘全爪螨种群具有空间相关性,变程介于1.10 ～21.0 m,其半变异函数主要符合高斯模型,表现为聚集分布,其中3月、8月和9月的聚集强度较大;种群空间格局动态显示,4月、10月为该种群的两个发生高峰期,柑橘全爪螨种群数量快速上升扩散。地学统计学方法能够应用于柑橘全爪螨种群的空间格局分析,并有助于对该害螨进行发生预测与控制处理。     

4种剂型噻虫胺对柑橘木虱的田间防治效果

2018年-2019年,采用田间小区试验评价了噻虫胺4种剂型(30％悬浮剂、18％包埋颗粒剂、13.5％壳聚糖微球和0.5％颗粒剂)及2种施用方式(喷雾和沟施)对柑橘木虱的防治效果.结果 表明:叶面喷施30％噻虫胺悬浮剂60 mg/kg处理对幼年树及成年树上柑橘木虱的控制效果好且持效期约30 d,而药后46～96 d的...     

印楝素对柑橘园柑橘全爪螨自然种群的控制作用

针对我国柑橘园柑橘全爪螨种群严重发生的现状,本文应用均匀设计,通过干扰作用控制指数评价了印楝素的不同施用浓度和使用次数对柑橘园柑橘全爪螨自然种群控制作用,并建立了控制效果随这些因素变化的回归模型。结果表明,印楝素的使用次数对柑橘全爪螨种群的影响程度强于施用浓度,印楝素单独使用一次不能有效控制柑橘全爪螨种群的数量增长趋势,印楝素3.75 mg/L浓度使用2次或2.50、3.00 mg/L浓度使用3次,可使柑橘全爪螨种群数量得到较为有效的控制。