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潍坊市是畜牧业大市,畜牧业在潍坊市现代农业发展中具有举足轻重的地位。然而,畜牧业在充实农民口袋的同时,畜禽粪污问题也成为潍坊市亟需解决的难题。本文从畜禽粪污生产者治理能力、粪污供求关系及配套服务3个方面分析了潍坊市畜禽粪污资源化利用困境;研究了覆盖大中小型养殖场的整县推进粪污资源化利用模式,即构建“主体双向小循环”“区域多向中循环”和“全市立体大循环”三级畜禽粪污资源化利用体系;提出了合理规划养殖布局、加大配套政策支持力度及落实主体责任的潍坊市畜禽粪污资源化利用建议。 相似文献
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该文针对高台县畜禽养殖规模、粪污处理方式和粪肥还田利用方式不匹配,不能满足全县畜禽粪污处理的需求,导致种养主体分离,规模不匹配、联结不紧密等问题,通过实施“规模化养殖场提升改造、粪污资源化利用整村推进、第三方服务组织、粪肥还田示范”4大工程,提出畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用的主要路径,构建种养结合、农牧循环的新型种养关系,为推进畜禽粪污资源化利用,促进农业绿色低碳循环发展提供可借鉴的依据和可复制的模式。 相似文献
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我国集约化奶牛养殖场粪污污染综合防治全链条技术模式评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国奶牛粪污产量大、成分复杂、处理效率低、污染风险高,集约化养殖场粪污污染综合防治效率亟需提升。基于我国奶牛养殖场主要分布区域的3 000 头以上大型集约化奶牛养殖场,开展了粪污污染综合防治技术模式评价研究,对粪污污染综合评价指标体系确定权重,进行指标赋值,提出评分标准,开展技术模式评价,因地制宜提出大型集约化奶牛养殖场粪污污染综合防治最佳技术模式。结果表明,技术指标在指标体系分配权重最高,占比59.36%,其次为经济指标和环境指标。15 个评价指标共赋值203 个,形成评分标准。凝练出6 种“全链条”粪污污染综合防治技术模式,其中,以厌氧发酵技术为核心的“干清粪干发酵气肥联产+沼渣肥农田施用”模式、以垫料化技术为核心的“干清粪垫料+粪肥农田施用”模式分别适合在华北和西北地区推广应用,而以肥料化技术为核心的“干清粪堆肥+全量还田利用”模式在北方地区都较为适用。该研究可为集约化奶牛养殖场粪污污染综合防治提供参考。 相似文献
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江苏省太仓市自2016年起探索畜牧业绿色发展道路,在畜禽粪污资源化利用整县推进趋势下,利用自身优势,多措并举构建粪污资源化综合利用体系。建立健全长效管理机制,网格化推进日常监管,保障污染治理成果及粪污还田成效。2019年,全市畜禽粪污资源化综合利用率达到90%以上,畜禽规模养殖场治理率达到100%,规模以下养殖场治理率达到80%以上。 相似文献
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《畜禽养殖废弃物综合处理利用技术》一书是由彭国良联合广东科技出版社编著出版。本书重点介绍了畜禽养殖废弃物微量化技术、粪便处理技术、污水处理技术、废弃物资源化利用技术及养殖场主要利用模式,为畜禽养殖环境治理提供了有效途径。
《畜禽养殖废弃物综合处理利用技术》一书共分为7个章节,总的来说,可以将其归纳为3个部分。第一部分主要介绍了我国畜禽养殖废弃物的基本概况。先是介绍畜禽养殖及废弃物的内容,之后分析了畜禽养殖废弃物的特征,此外,针对畜禽养殖废弃物综合处理利用原则进行阐述。第二部分是以畜禽养殖废弃物的综合处理技术为主,也是本书的重点,共分为5个章节。第一章是介绍畜禽养殖废弃物的减量化技术,即畜禽养殖过程中的各个环节,通过减量技术的参与控制污染物的数量,以此对环境起到一定的保护作用。第二章对畜禽粪便处理技术展开详细分析。详细介绍粪便收集及粪便处理流程。第三章是概述污水处理技术。详细介绍清粪到污水的处理流程、意义。第四章是对病死畜禽无害化处理技术进行展开论述,提出焚烧法、深埋法、化石窖法及生物发酵法等多种方法。第五章对畜禽废弃物资源化利用技术进行了较为详细的编著。提出沼气利用、固态有机肥及沼液的利用、畜禽粪污土地承载力等利用技术。最后一部分是详细分析了畜禽养殖处理模式,包含9方面内容,分别是高床发酵免冲水生态养猪模式、微生物除臭+干清粪+沼气发酵养猪种菜零排放模式、干清粪+沼气发酵养猪种树零排放模式、水冲粪+沼气发酵循环用水养猪模式、干清粪+污水达标排放养猪模式、微生物除臭+干清粪+沼气发酵循环用水养猪模式、干清粪+SBR养鸡种树零排放模式、干清粪+沼气发酵达标排放养鸡模式、干清粪免冲水养鸡模式。将畜禽废弃物与种植、养殖有效的衔接在一起,通过零排放模式实现环境无污染。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献