超声波辅助法提取金莲花中黄酮工艺研究

以超声波辅助法对大兴安岭金莲花中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件进行研究。以温度、料液比、乙醇体积分数、超声时间为提取影响因素,通过正交试验优化提取工艺。结果表明,各因素对总黄酮提取的影响次序为:料液比>超声时间>温度>乙醇体积分数,超声波辅助法的最佳工艺提取条件为:提取温度为50℃,料液比1:55,乙醇体积分数75%,超声时间40 min,总黄酮的提取率达4.659%。     

响应面法优化莲子外皮总黄酮的超声辅助提取工艺

以莲子皮为原料,采用响应面试验设计优化超声波辅助提取莲子外皮中总黄酮的工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上确定以乙醇体积分数、料液比、浸提时间和超声功率为影响因素,以总黄酮的得率为响应值,根据Box-Behnken中心组合方法采用4因素3水平响应值试验设计优化。超声辅助法提取莲子外皮总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数70%,料液比1∶50,浸提时间35 min,超声功率125 W,总黄酮得率14.48%,与预测值14.92%接近。该提取工艺模型可靠,拟合度较高。     

超声波辅助提取剑麻总皂苷的工艺研究

以剑麻为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法对剑麻总皂苷进行提取。采用分光光度法测定总皂苷含量,以提取温度、超声时间、液料比和乙醇体积分数为考察因素,采用单因素试验和正交试验优选总皂苷的提取工艺。优化后总皂苷的提取工艺为提取温度65℃,超声时间30 min,液料比60∶1(m L∶g),乙醇体积分数70%,在此工艺条件下剑麻总皂苷的提取量为52.17 mg/g。试验结果表明,优选出的工艺稳定、方便快捷,适合剑麻总皂苷的提取。     

响应面法优化牛蒡根总黄酮超声波提取工艺

以新鲜牛蒡根为原料,采用超声波辅助提取牛蒡根中总黄酮,在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-behnken试验设计和响应面分析法,探讨料液比、提取温度、乙醇体积分数和提取时间对牛蒡根总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明,优化的牛蒡根总黄酮超声波法提取工艺为乙醇体积分数61%,料液比1∶23 (g∶m L),提取温度60℃,提取时间59 min,在此条件下总黄酮提取率为27.96 mg/g。     

超声微波协同萃取红豆中总黄酮的工艺研究

确定超声微波协同萃取红豆中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺,测定红豆中总黄酮的含量。研究提取时间、微波功率、提取温度、乙醇体积分数、料液比等因素对总黄酮提取率的影响。在进行单因素试验之后,通过正交试验优化超声微波协同萃取红豆总黄酮类化合物的工艺条件。结果表明,对红豆中总黄酮提取的影响程度为乙醇体积分数料液比提取时间微波功率。超声微波协同法提取总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为提取时间30 min,微波功率400 W,提取温度45℃,乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1∶25;提取3次,总黄酮提取量为1.75 mg/g。     

龙眼壳黄酮的超声波提取工艺研究

采用超声波法对龙眼壳中黄酮类化合物进行提取,在单因素分析的基础上,采用正交试验优化工艺。结果表明,影响龙眼壳黄酮超声波提取主要因素为乙醇体积分数,其次为料液比、温度和提取时间。超声波提取的最佳工艺条件为提取剂乙醇体积分数为30%,料液比1:30,超声波时间为20 min,温度为70℃。     

鹧鸪茶总多酚超声波提取工艺优化研究

采用超声波技术提取海南鹧鸪茶中的总多酚。以鹧鸪茶总多酚的提取率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验探究乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声时间、超声功率、提取温度对鹧鸪茶总多酚提取的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数50%,料液比1∶40(g∶m L),超声时间20 min,超声功率360 W,提取温度60℃,此条件下萃取鹧鸪茶总多酚提取率可达12.56%。     

超声波辅助提取橙皮香精油的工艺研究

以橙皮为原料,采用超声波辅助提取精油。选择料液比、石油醚体积分数、静置时间、超声温度和超声时间进行单因素试验。在此基础上,设计响应面试验对橙皮香精油的提取工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶20(g∶mL),石油醚体积分数99.16%,静置时间15 min,超声温度40℃,超声时间15.77 min,在此条件下橙皮香精油的提取率为2.56%。     

高良姜黄酮类物质提取工艺的研究

以高良姜为原料,以黄酮提取率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化索氏提取法和超声波辅助法提取黄酮类物质的提取工艺,并比较其工艺条件。结果表明,索氏提取法最佳工艺为乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1∶40,提取3次,每次提取时间2 h,黄酮类物质提取率为76.3 mg/g;超声波辅助法最佳工艺为乙醇体积分数50%,料液比1∶35,超声时间70 min,超声功率400 W,黄酮类物质提取率为94.6 mg/g。因此,超声波辅助法的提取率较高、提取时间较短,更适于高良姜中黄酮类物质的提取。     

响应曲面法优化核桃青皮色素提取工艺的研究

以核桃青皮为原料,以提取的色素在510 nm处的吸光值为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用Plackett-Burman试验和响应曲面法优化核桃青皮色素的超声辅助-醇提工艺。结果表明,乙醇体积分数、液料比和提取温度是影响核桃青皮色素提取效果的三个主要因素;核桃青皮色素提取的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数40%,液料比20∶1(m L/g),提取温度70℃,超声功率150 W,提取时间80 min;所得模型预测值与验证试验的实际值相近,色素的平均吸光值为0.64,平均提取率为2.32 mg/g,说明对核桃青皮色素提取工艺的分析结果可靠、精密度高、重现性好,可用于实际工业化生产。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

The Simulation of Comfort of Nine DOF of Automobile

Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value.