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在抑制昆虫选择寄主活动的植物成分中,一般有引诱忌避物质、刺激取食物质、阻碍取食物质等。其中对昆虫选择寄主有阻害作用的植物成分和取食阻碍物质的化学结构的研究几乎还是空白。因此,笔者在这个未开拓的领域中开始了一些研究。首先,我们查找了一些不受各种昆虫食害的植物,并从这些植物中抽提分离到其所含有的阻碍取食的物质。同时还进行 相似文献
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经过长期的协同进化,昆虫与植物间已形成各种各样的互作关系.其中植食性昆虫的食性通过一系列的行为反应表达,昆虫对寄主植物的定向行为反应,是昆虫与植物关系中的一个核心问题(钦俊德,1987).植食性昆虫在选择寄主的过程中,利用嗅觉、视觉、触觉和味觉等多种行为模式.寄主植物的挥发性物质通过昆虫的嗅觉感受器引诱昆虫到达植物,这是引导植食性昆虫寄主选择的主要因素.此外,植物的形状和颜色等视觉线索在植食性昆虫寄主定位中也起重要作用,二者协同作用引导昆虫到达寄主植物后,又有触觉、味觉等接触化学感受器的作用(赵冬香,2004). 相似文献
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植物在正常的生理状态下,会产生并释放具有种属特征的挥发性物质,这些物质形成了植物气味特征的主体,调控着昆虫的多种行为,诸如寄主定向、产卵、逃避、取食、聚集等(杜家纬,2001).植物一旦受到植食性昆虫侵袭,会释放一些特殊的化合物,这些气味往往具有信号功能,可以招引天敌昆虫(董文霞等,2000;Souissi etal.,1998)或是作为植食性昆虫的趋避物(Faeth,1986;Leather et al.1987).试验表明:人为造成的机械损伤能全部或部分地模拟昆虫取食(Baldwin et al.,1983;Lyytik,1999).因此,研究植物挥发物及创伤诱导挥发物可为利用天然活性化合物防治害虫提供理论依据. 相似文献
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甘薯台龟甲与寄主植物之间关系研究结果表明,甘薯台龟甲嗜食旋花科植物.强迫取食试验发现,甘薯台龟甲能少量取食薇甘菊,但不能满足其生长发育;而在旋花科植物上取食力和繁殖力强,对旋花科杂草的生物防治有一定作用.选择性取食试验结果表明,在甘薯台龟甲的寄主范围内,任何世代的成虫和幼虫对供试寄主群中各种植物的选择性差异不明显. 相似文献
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诱导抗性作为一种新的植物抗性类型,在防御植食性昆虫的取食和产卵方面具有很大的潜力。该项研究在室内采用选择性方法,观察了分月扇舟蛾幼虫对不同处理的杨树叶的取食选择行为。用虫害叶喂食2~3龄幼虫48 h,测定其营养效应,分析了喂食虫害叶对分月扇舟蛾的幼虫发育历期、蛹重、羽化率等生长发育的影响。利用生化方法测定了杨树叶片虫害后营养物质和次生物质的变化。结果表明:虫害叶对分月扇舟蛾表现为忌避作用;机械损伤叶不影响对寄主的选择性。分月扇舟蛾取食虫害叶后幼虫的发育历期延长、蛹重增加、羽化率降低,可溶性糖含量下降,单宁和黄酮含量增加。 相似文献
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[目的]为了探明补充营养是否对白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂雌蜂的寄生效率、生殖能力和寿命有显著影响。[方法]本文通过在白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂搜寻到寄主前期为其提供寄主血淋巴和蜂蜜补充营养,调查有前期补充营养经历的肿腿蜂对寄主麻天牛的寄生率、母蜂生殖能力和子代蜂发育进程的变化。同时,给予刚羽化的肿腿蜂雌蜂短期的补充营养的过程,调查其寿命长短的变化情况。[结果]研究结果表明,寄主血淋巴和糖类物质均可以作为供肿腿蜂补充营养的潜在食物源。寄生前期取食寄主血淋巴和蜂蜜的肿腿蜂寄生率显著高于前期仅补充蒸馏水的个体。补充营养后可促使寄生蜂卵的成熟,可以使肿腿蜂更快的开始产卵进程。前期取食寄主血淋巴的肿腿蜂生殖能力显著高于寄生前期仅补充蒸馏水的个体,取食蜂蜜的肿腿蜂产卵量较前2组均无显著差异。寄生蜂母蜂是否补充营养对其子代的发育过程和性比无显著影响。此外,生存分析结果表明,刚羽化的肿腿蜂补充营养后,其寿命显著延长。取食寄主血淋巴或蜂蜜的寄生蜂寿命均约为羽化后无营养补充经历雌蜂个体的2倍。[结论]以上结果表明,白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂在寄生过程开始前期的补充营养过程可以显著的增强其对寄主害虫的控制作用和延长其寿命。取食蜂蜜或寄主血淋巴对肿腿蜂生殖和寿命的增强作用相近。建议在害虫的生物防治中,可以通过在天敌释放区周边配植一定的蜜源植物以此实现对天敌昆虫资源更有效的利用和保护。 相似文献
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昆虫取食、生殖等行为一直备受行为学家和进化生物学学家的关注。趋泥行为是鳞翅目昆虫中较为常见的一种补充营养的特殊行为。随着众多假说的提出,趋泥行为发生的内在机制逐渐成为行为生态学和进化生物学研究的热点问题之一。尽管昆虫趋泥行为的报道较多,但现有的理论和试验数据尚存分歧。本文简要回顾了昆虫趋泥行为的研究历史、介绍了趋泥行为发生的性别、虫龄差异及驱动力假说,评述了这一行为对昆虫生态适应及生殖生理的影响,并提出了应整合多个层面上的研究来探讨昆虫趋泥行为在生态学以及昆虫进化过程中的意义。 相似文献
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E. D. Ammar 《Journal of pest science》1976,49(9):136-137
A clip-on cage, modified for feeding leafhoppers and planthoppers on particular parts of growing plants
A clip-on cage, for feeding insects on particular parts of growing plants, modified for easy and quick handling of leafhoppers, planthoppers and similarly agile insects, is described. The main idea is the insertion of a tube, containing insects, into a central hole in the lower foam-plastic ring of the cage. This tube remains in place as long plastic ring of the cage. This tube remains in place as long as the feeding period required; it is moved away with the insects at the end of the feeding period. 相似文献
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对华北地区经济树种蚧虫的种类区系、发生和分布规律及为害特点进行了系统研究。据调查,现已知华北经济树种蚧虫共有9科122种。随纬度增高、立地条件恶化、植物群落简单、人为活动频繁、管理水平粗放,蚧虫种类增多,为害严重。一般情况下,观赏树木受害普遍,温室植物受害严重,果树及平原地区林木部分受害,山地森林受害轻微。 相似文献
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刺蛾科Limacodidae是鳞翅目中1个相对较小的科,是果树、园林及经济作物的主要害虫。目前我国已知64属230种,其中89种有幼虫的寄主植物记录。文章列出了这89种刺蛾及其寄主植物,并对其食性多样性及特点进行了分析。结果表明:中国刺蛾科昆虫涉及到的寄主植物共有64科,其中以茶科上的刺蛾种类最多,达47种,占总数的52.8%。 相似文献
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E. Hassan 《Journal of pest science》1972,45(9):129-134
Summary As in the other developing countries Papua and New Guinea, virgin forest were felled and the land cleared. After clearing, large areas were planted mostly monocultures, of either Cacao, Coconuts, rubber, coffee or tea.This clearing of large areas of virgin forest resulted drastic changes to the enviroment and the insects, animals and plants living in these areas. Some insects disappeared from the areas, whilst others were able to increase their numbers rapidly under the changed enviromental conditions and on the introduced crop plants.These insects in their undisturbed biotop, fed on unimportant plants and from these host plants they adapted themselves to the monocultures, A number of polyphagous and monophagous pests were able to multiply to epidemic levels.Ten major pests of economically important crops and their bionomy as well as the control measures are briefly discussed. 相似文献
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Stanislav Trdan Ljiljana Andjus Emilija Raspudić Milica Kač 《Journal of pest science》2005,78(4):217-226
The results of the monitoring of Thysanoptera species on cultivated plants in Slovenia (2000–2001), Croatia (1994–1996), and
Serbia and Montenegro (1988–2003) are presented in this study. The aim of the investigation was to study the host plant distribution
of the predator Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall and its potential prey. Banded thrips were found on 30 different host plant species belonging to 16 botanical families,
always in mixed populations with phytophagous or facultative phytophagous insects (including 18 Thysanoptera species). On
the vegetative parts of the cultivated plants, banded thrips were found less numerous in spite of the massive population of
some harmful thrips species. This indicates highly important role of pollen as alternative food for Aeolothrips intermedius. 相似文献
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Jürgen Gross Nina E. Fatouros Seppo Neuvonen Monika Hilker 《Journal of pest science》2007,80(3):139-143
The Palaearctic leaf beetle Chrysomela lapponica usually feeds upon willows in the northern region of its occurrence. However, in Central Europe, some populations are known
that have specialised on birch. In this study, we investigated the significance of other herbivores occurring together on
the same host plants as possible exploitative competitors of C. lapponica. Two populations were studied: a population from Finland specialised on the willow Salix
borealis, and a population from the Czech Republic, specialised on the birch Betula
pubescens. Abundances of folivorous and suctivorous insects on both host plants were recorded at both population sites. The willow
leaf beetle Phratora vitellinae was the most abundant herbivorous insect at both study sites on willow. A field study was conducted to examine the effects
of P. vitellinae on the performance of C. lapponica. The presence of P. vitellinae larvae on the same twig upon which C. lapponica larvae were feeding did not affect increase of body weight in C. lapponica larvae. Thus, the high resource availability of both willows and birches suggest that interspecific competition is unlikely
to be a selection factor driving the evolution of host shift in C. lapponica. 相似文献