走出畜禽用药误区

误区一：认为“抗生素万能”。有些畜禽饲养户，一旦畜禽生了病，也不管什么病，就喜欢用抗生素，一种不行再换一种，或两种交替使用，笔者曾听到一大型猪场的兽医讲：他们场为预防猪链球菌等细菌性疾病。不是使用猪链球菌疫苗，而是经常用阿莫西林等抗生素药物来预防。殊不知，这样滥用抗生素会造成极大危害，除了增加养殖成本外，还造成耐药菌株的增加，继发“二重感染”，在治病的关键时刻，挑选不到最敏感的药物．给治疗带来困难。为什么有些猪场、鸡场的畜禽；长期水泻久治不愈呢？可能就是长期滥用抗生素的结果。纠正的办法是：     

杜伯文犬冻伤2例

冻伤是指机体在低温的环境下,受寒冷的侵袭所引起的全身或局部的损伤.冻伤多发生在寒冷潮湿的气候中,尤其以瘦弱的短毛犬容易发生,严重的可引起死亡.我们在工作中就遇到两起典型的冻伤病例,现将情况介绍如下:     

Two cases of FeLV-associated dermatoses

Two cases of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)-associated dermatosis are described. The first cat was affected by an ulcerative dermatitis identified as a giant-cell dermatosis. The second case was a cutaneous lymphoma. In both cases, FeLV antigens and FeLV genome were demonstrated in the affected skin immunologically and with polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The first case suggests that, like other retroviruses, at least some strains of FeLV can induce syncytium formation. As FeLV antigens and genome were demonstrated in a serologically negative cat, the second case suggests that focal skin FeLV replication may occur. FeLV-associated dermatoses are rare skin conditions that may be under-diagnosed.     

Three cases of local tetanus

Unyielding rigidity of one thoracic limb due to continuous involuntary muscle spasm was seen as the presenting complaint in two cats and a dog. A distal forelimb injury on the affected limb preceded the development of clinical signs in two animals. No abnormalities were detected in a detailed histological examination of the first case. The continuous localised muscular spasm subsided completely over a prolonged period in the remaining two cases. These findings strongly suggest a diagnosis of local tetanus. The diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition are discussed.     

Two cases of disseminated toxoplasmosis

Two cases of disseminated fatal toxoplasmosis of a pet mouse and a red panda are described. The pet mouse had a private owner; the red panda lived in a zoological garden in Saxony. At necropsy, both animals suffered from a systemic toxoplasmosis. A severe necrotizing hepatitis was the main histological feature in both animals. Parasitic cysts could be abundantly found in the liver, moderately in the brain and in a low number in other organs. With the PAS-reaction, cysts showed a weak staining in the mouse and a strong staining in the red panda. Diagnosis was confirmed by PCR and immunohistochemistry.     

Two cases of feline malignant craniopharyngioma

Tumors at the cranial base in 2 cats (a 9 1/2-year-old, castrated male Chinchilla and a 7-year-old, castrated male American Shorthair) were diagnosed as malignant craniopharyngioma. The tumor lesion was histopathologically divided into four parts: 1) a small acinus part, in which relatively large cells with a pale cytoplasm composed small acini; 2) a duct part, in which small cuboidal cells composed ducts; 3) a cyst part, in which there were large cysts lined with flat cells; and 4) a pavement part, in which large multi-angular-shaped cells proliferated in a pavement pattern. The epithelial cells of some parts were positive for keratin by immunohistochemistry. Histopathologic findings of the present feline cases were identical to those of malignant craniopharyngioma in other animal species.     

Four sporadic cases of congenital swinepox

Four sporadic cases of congenital swinepox are described. The pigs were born with pox lesions over their entire bodies. Microscopic examination revealed ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes, cytoplasmic inclusions and intranuclear vacuolisation. Electron microscopy detected poxvirus particles in all four pigs. The virus was isolated from one pig and identified by HindIII restriction endonuclease digestion as swinepox virus.