日粮中添加亚麻油和微藻粉粕对鸡肉中脂肪酸组成的影响研究

试验旨在研究日粮中添加亚麻油和微藻粉粕对鸡肉中脂肪酸组成和肉鸡生产性能的影响。选择288只21日龄罗斯308商品代肉用母雏,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。4组饲粮分别为对照组、3%亚麻油组、5%微藻粉粕组和5%微藻粉粕+3%亚麻油组,试验期3周。结果表明:各处理组对肉鸡末重、日增重和饲料增重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。3%亚麻油组肌肉组织中C18:3n-3、C20:5n-3和n-3PUFA显著提高(P<0.05),n-6/n-3显著降低(P<0.05),C22:6n-3水平则变化不大(P>0.05)。5%微藻粉粕组肌肉组织中C22:6n-3显著增加(P<0.05),n-6/n-3显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05),但n-3PUFA总量并无提高(P>0.05)。5%微藻粉粕+3%亚麻油组肌肉组织中C22:6n-3含量和5%微藻粉粕组差别不大(P>0.05),n-3PUFA和n-6/n-3则与3%亚麻油差别不大(P>0.05)。     

苜蓿草粉对育肥猪肉品质、肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在探讨饲粮添加苜蓿草粉对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质、肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的影响。选择平均体重(60.28±0.73)kg的健康"长×大"或"大×长"二元育肥猪130头,随机分为5组,每组26个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加5%、10%、20%和30%的苜蓿草粉。预试期7 d,正试期72 d。结果表明:1)5%苜蓿草粉组育肥猪的平均日增重(ADG)最高,增重成本最低。2)饲粮添加苜蓿草粉对育肥猪的肌肉p H45 m in、熟肉率、大理石纹和肉色无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,各苜蓿草粉组的肌肉p H24 h极显著降低(P<0.01);30%苜蓿草粉组的肌肉滴水损失显著低于对照组和5%苜蓿草粉组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,20%苜蓿草粉组育肥猪的肌肉鲜味氨基酸(DAA)(天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸)、必需氨基酸(EAA)(蛋氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、苏氨酸、赖氨酸)、组氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸及总氨基酸(TAA)含量显著提高(P<0.05)。4)随饲粮苜蓿草粉添加水平的增加,育肥猪的肌肉饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量逐渐减少,肌肉不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、n-6 PUFA和n-3PUFA含量逐渐增加。与对照组相比,20%和30%苜蓿草粉组的肌肉M UFA、油酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉UFA含量显著提高(P<0.05);20%和30%苜蓿草粉组的肌肉PUFA、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、n-6 PUFA和n-3 PUFA含量均显著高于对照组、5%和10%苜蓿草粉组(P<0.05);肌肉n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA含量极显著低于对照组、5%和10%苜蓿草粉组(P<0.01)。综上,饲粮添加20%苜蓿草粉可使育肥猪的肌肉DAA、EAA含量以及PUFA中亚油酸、α-亚麻酸含量提高,n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA降低,有利于n-3 PUFA在肌肉中的富集,可以提高猪肉品质和营养价值。     

饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比值对冬毛期北极狐生长性能及肝脏脂肪酸代谢相关蛋白基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)比值对冬毛期北极狐生长性能、肝脏脂肪酸组成及肝脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(L-FABP)和脂肪酸转运蛋白(FATP)基因表达的影响。试验选取48只157日龄、平均体重为(5 658±47)g的健康雄性北极狐,随机分成4组,每组12个重复,每个重复1只。Ⅰ组饲粮中添加12.00%鱼油和2.00%豆油,n-6/n-3 PUFA比值为3.00;Ⅱ组饲粮中添加9.38%玉米油和4.62%豆油,n-6/n-3 PUFA比值为18.03;Ⅲ组饲粮中添加12.00%玉米油和2.00%豆油,n-6/n-3 PUFA比值为40.83;Ⅳ组饲粮中添加1.50%鱼油和12.50%玉米油,n-6/n-3 PUFA比值为136.36。各组饲粮除油脂组成和配比不同外,其他原料一致。预试期7 d,正试期40 d。结果表明:1)饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA比值对冬毛期北极狐的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)有极显著影响(P0.01)。Ⅰ和Ⅳ组的ADG极显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P0.01),Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ组的ADFI极显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.01),Ⅳ组的F/G极显著低于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P0.01)。2)饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA比值对冬毛期北极狐肝脏单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、PUFA、n-3 PUFA和n-6 PUFA的含量有显著或极显著影响(P0.05或P0.01),对肝脏饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅰ和Ⅳ组肝脏n-3 PUFA含量极显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P0.01),Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肝脏n-6 PUFA含量极显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅳ组(P0.01)。3)饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA比值对冬毛期北极狐肝脏L-FABP mRNA相对表达量无显著影响(P0.05),但极显著影响肝脏FATP mRNA相对表达量(P0.01)。Ⅰ和Ⅳ组肝脏FATP mRNA相对表达量极显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮添加1.50%鱼油与12.50%玉米油的混合油脂,即饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA比值为136.36时,上调了肝脏中FATP基因的表达,增加了肝脏长链脂肪酸的转运及利用效率,促进了冬毛期北极狐的生长。     

在肉鸡饲料中添加鱼油的应用研究

鱼油中富含具有特殊作用的长链多不饱和脂肪酸———长链n-3族脂肪酸EPA(二十碳五烯酸)和DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)。这些脂肪酸会沉积于肉中或储存于脂肪中,通过食物链进入人体。许多研究表明,n-3脂肪酸EPA和DHA具有抑制心脑血管疾病、抗炎、防癌等作用。因鱼油特殊的营养作用能够为家禽生长发育提供必需脂肪酸,已被越来越多的饲料厂家用于饲料生产。试验的目的在于探讨在肉鸡饲养过程中添加鱼油的饲喂效果和经济效益。1试验材料和方法1.1试验材料试验鸡,39日龄湖南青脚肉鸡;鱼油,购于昆明市海皇饲料有限公司,脂肪含量为99.8%;基础饲料,昆…     

壳聚糖对黄羽肉鸡脂肪沉积的影响

选择健康49日龄黄羽肉用鸡（母）64只，随机分成4组。A为对照组饲喂基础日粮；B、C和D为试验组，分别在基础日粮中添加0．1％、0．3％和0．5％壳聚糖。饲养21d，研究日粮中添加壳聚糖对黄羽肉鸡脂肪沉积的影响。试验结果表明，在49日龄肉鸡日粮中添加0．1％、0．3％和0．5％壳聚糖能显著降低56、63和70日龄肉鸡的血清胆固醇（P〉0．05）和甘油三酯（P〉0．05）含量，降低70日龄肉鸡的腹脂率（P〉0．05），显著降低70日龄肉鸡的皮下脂肪，日粮中添加0．1％壳聚糖能达到较理想的降脂和降胆固醇的效果。     

克氏针茅草原七种植物脂肪酸组分及其变化

为更好地了解放牧对家畜肉品质的改善机制,对由克氏针茅、糙隐子草、羊草、苔草、野韭和少量细叶葱构成的典型草原主要植物中的脂肪酸(FA)组分及含量进行了分析。试验结果表明,克氏针茅草原主要植物中多不饱和脂肪酸占56%,饱和脂肪酸占37%,单不饱和脂肪酸占7%;n-3脂肪酸占总FA的40%,约是n-6FA的3倍;羊草中亚麻酸(AIA)的平均含量最高(为48%),针茅次之(为37%),糙隐子草和野韭最低(均约为22%);野韭和细叶葱中分别平均含有4.10%和1.66%的二十碳五烯酸(EPA),而其他牧草中没有检出该脂肪酸组分;生长时间显著(P<0.05)影响牧草中脂肪酸组分,随着生长时间的推移,棕榈酸、硬脂酸和EPA呈降低趋势,而AIA则呈增加趋势,亚油酸含量则在8月最高。     

不同配比油脂对肉鸡脂类代谢的影响

以肉鸡为动物模型,探讨了日粮中添加不同配比油脂后对其脂肪代谢的影响。648只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复18只鸡,试验期为42 d。CON组为对照组(饲喂基础日粮),SO组为正对照组(日粮中添加豆油),LO组为负对照组(日粮中添加猪油),COP、COC、COV组分别在日粮中添加以棕榈油为主的配比油脂、以椰子油为主的配比油脂、多种植物油配比的油脂。结果表明:42 d,各组腹脂重、皮下脂肪厚度与肌间脂肪厚度、胸肌含脂率、腿肌含脂率均无显著性差异(P>0.05);SO、COP组总甘油三酯含量低于COV组(P<0.05);COP组血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量低于LO组(P<0.01)与CON组(P<0.05);COP组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量的比值高于LO、COC、COV组(P<0.01),SO组显著提高(P<0.05);SO组肉鸡血清中总脂酶活性高于CON组(P<0.05),肝脏中COP、COC、COV组脂蛋白脂酶、肝脂酶与总脂酶活性都显著提高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:配比油脂组与豆油组在不影响脂肪沉积的情况下,改善了肉仔鸡的体脂分布,且对脂质代谢具有很好的调节作用,其中豆油组与以棕榈油为主的配比油脂组效果较好。     

米糠毛油对肉鸡肌肉品质、脂肪酸组成及抗氧化功能的影响

本文旨在研究米糠毛油与其他不同油脂对肉鸡肌肉品质、脂肪酸组成及抗氧化功能的影响。试验选取2 400只1日龄肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复100只,在基础饲粮中添加相同比例的米糠毛油(CRBO)、大豆毛油(CSO)、猪油(LO)及棕榈油(PO)。试验期42d。结果表明:1)试验前期(1~21 d)CRBO组平均日采食量显著低于CSO、PO组(P<0.05),各组全期平均日增重及料重比无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)CRBO组腿肌烹饪损失显著低于LO组(P<0.05),粗蛋白质含量显著低于CSO组(P<0.05),胸肌粗蛋白质含量显著低于CSO、LO组(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量显著低于LO组(P<0.05)。关于胸肌脂肪酸组成,PO、LO组饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于CRBO、CSO组(P<0.05),不饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于CRBO、CSO组(P<0.05),CRBO组多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量最高,但与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)试验第21天,CSO、PO组肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于LO组(P<0.05),CRBO组血清丙二醛含量显著低于PO组(P<0.05);试验第42天,CSO组肝脏T-AOC显著低于PO组(P<0.05)。LO、PO组的血清T-AOC均在一定程度上高于CRBO、CSO组,其中PO组显著高于CSO组(P<0.05)。结果提示,相比其他油脂,CRBO能降低肌肉粗蛋白质含量、胸肌饱和脂肪酸含量及提高胸肌不饱和脂肪酸含量和不同程度地提高胸肌PUFA含量,但对肌肉pH、滴水损失和肌肉及肝脏抗氧化能力无显著性影响。     

饲粮中n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比值对肉鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、血清脂质指标、肠道组织形态和胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响

试验旨在探究饲粮中n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）比值对肉鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、血清脂质指标、肠道组织形态和胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响。选取120只体重为（1.0±0.1） kg的32日龄肉鹅（三花鹅）,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复8只。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组饲粮中n-6/n-3 PUFA比值分别为1∶1、6∶1、12∶1。试验期60 d。结果表明：1）饲粮中n-6/n-3 PUFA比值对肉鹅的生长性能无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）Ⅱ组的腹脂率显著低于其他2组（P<0.05）。3）Ⅱ组的血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量显著低于其他2组（P<0.05）。4）Ⅱ组的十二指肠绒毛高度显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）,Ⅱ组的回肠隐窝深度显著低于其他2组（P<0.05）,Ⅱ组的回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著高于其他2组（P<0.05）。5）Ⅱ组的胸肌辛酸、γ-亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、二十碳六烯酸和n-3 PUFA含量显著高于其他2组（P<0.05）。由此可见,饲粮中n-6/n-3比值为6∶1时,肉鹅的腹脂率、血清LDL-C含量和回肠隐窝深度最低,十二指...     

Effects of dietary n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on the mass,and histological and ultrastructures of liver,spleen and thymus of 70‐day‐old Yangzhou Goslings

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on the organ indexes, and histological and ultrastructures of organs including liver, spleen and thymus in 70‐day‐old Yangzhou goslings. One‐hundred and sixty 21‐day‐old Yangzhou goslings were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed 4 diets varying in the n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio from 3:1 up to 12:1. After 1‐week acclimation, the feeding experiment lasted for 6 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, goslings were slaughtered and the liver, spleen and thymus were weighed, and their histological and ultrastructures were examined. The results showed that the organ indices in the 3:1 group were remarkably higher than in the other three groups, whereas the mitochondrial square did not differ among four groups. The histological and ultrastructures of the liver, spleen and thymus were not affected by the diets with the lower n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratios (3:1 and 6:1). However, feeding diets with the higher n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratios (9:1 and 12:1), the nuclear chromatin was concentrated and marginalized; the cell membrane was contracted inwardly and disrupted; the mitochondrial membrane was damaged to some degree. In conclusion, the diet containing higher content of n‐3 PUFA might improve immune capacity of goslings the animal by accelerating the growth and maintaining cellular structures of organs like liver, spleen and thymus.     

蚯蚓抗菌肽对贵州黄鸡生产性能的影响研究

为了考察蚯蚓抗菌肽对贵州黄鸡生产性能的影响,试验采用单因素试验设计,共设4个抗菌肽添加水平,分别是0%、0.6%、0.8%和1.0%。选用0日龄健康贵州黄鸡120只,根据体重随机分为4组,分别为对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组分别设3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验期21 d。试验结果表明:日粮中添加抗菌肽对贵州黄鸡的采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著提高日均增重(P<0.05),降低料重比(P<0.05),降低发病率和死亡率(P<0.05),以添加1%水平的蚯蚓抗菌肽效果为佳。     

Tissue fatty acid composition and estimated ∆ desaturase activity after castration in chicken broilers fed with linseed or sunflower oil

The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of the short‐term addition of sunflower and linseed oil and castration on fatty acid composition and desaturation indexes in chicken broilers. Forty‐eight male Ross 308 chicken broilers were supplemented with 5% of sunflower or linseed oil. The four experimental groups were linseed oil supplementation and castration (LC), linseed oil without castration (LN), sunflower oil and castration (SC) and sunflower oil without castration (SN). There was no significant influence of castration or oil supplement on live weights, weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. Castration resulted in an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), total n3, n6, measured desaturation indexes and a decrease in the saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content of abdominal fat. In breast muscle, castration increased PUFA and 18:3n3 values, while in the liver tissue, castration did not influence the parameters measured. Linseed oil supplementation significantly increased 18:3n3, n3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA), total n3 and decreased total n6, n6/n3 ratio, and 20:4n6 content. Values for 20:4n6 were the highest in SC and the lowest in the LC group. Linseed oil also significantly decreased ?5 and ?4 desaturation indexes in the thighs and ?5 and ?5, 6 in abdominal fat and the liver. These results suggest that short‐term supplementation of basal diet with 5% of linseed oil could significantly increase n3 LC PUFA and decrease n6/n3 ratio content in the edible tissues of chicken broilers, without adverse effects on growth performance. Meanwhile, castration only improved fatty acid profile in abdominal fat, which is not nutritionally important. The interactions observed between basal diet, supplemented oil, sex hormones and other non‐nutritional factors must be elucidated in future trials in order to correctly predict the nutritional value of linseed‐fed poultry.     

The effect of n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid ratios on broiler breeder performance,hatchability, fatty acid profile and reproduction

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary omega6 (n‐6) to omega3 (n‐3) fatty acid (FA) ratios on performance and reproduction of broiler breeders. In experiment 1, 400 females and 40 males (30 week age) of Ross 308 broiler breeder (20 females and two males in each pen) were randomly assigned to one of the four diets with n‐6/n‐3 FA ratios of 4, 6, 8 and 16 (control). As a measure of hatchability, fertility of eggs and general incubation traits, 1,200 eggs (60 eggs from each pen) were collected and incubated for 21 days and embryo liver and brain fatty acid profile in 14 and 21 days were determined. In experiment 2, 48 males (three males in each pen) randomly assigned to one of the four diets with n‐6/n‐3 FA ratios of 4, 6, 8 and 16 (control). Semen was collected twice weekly, and semen volume, spermatozoa concentration and motility and alive and dead spermatozoa were estimated. Egg production and egg mass were decreased by n‐6/n‐3 FA ratios of 4:1 and 6:1 (p < .05). There were no significant differences between treatments on breeder's body weight, eggs fertility and hatchability, embryonic mortality and semen features. Linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and total n‐3 of egg yolk, semen, testis and liver and brain of embryo and day‐old chicken were increased while concentration of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and docosatetraenoic acid of mentioned tissues were decreased by increasing n‐6/n‐3 FA ratios (p > .05). In conclusion, absolute amount of n‐3 and n‐6 FAs in broiler breeder diet may be more important than n‐6/n‐3 FA ratios and to consider reproductive and performance traits of breeders, it is necessary to supply higher levels of n‐3 and n‐6 FA with respect to n‐6/n‐3 FA ratios.     

Effect of dietary ω6/ω3 on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality and fatty acid profiles of Beijing‐you chicken

The effects of varying the ω6 to ω3 fatty acid ratio (ω6/ω3) of diets on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and fatty acid composition of breast muscle were investigated in Beijing‐you chickens grown to 92 days. A total of 360 one‐day‐old female BJY chickens were fed diets containing 0%, 0.12%, 0.42%, 1.00% or 1.97% linseed oil replacing equal weights of maize oil to make dietary ω6/ω3 to be approximately 30:1, 20:1, 10:1, 5:1 and 2.5:1. Subcutaneous fat thickness and intramuscular fat content increased significantly in birds fed up to 10:1 ω6/ω3. a* values (redness of meat, dimension of the CIELAB‐system) progressively increased as the diets contained increasing ω3 content, up to the 10:1 ω6/ω3.The changes in b* (yellowness of meat, dimensions of the CIELAB‐system) were also significant but the pattern was almost the reverse of changes in a*. Shear force increased significantly as dietary ω6/ω3 was reduced from 30:1 to 5:1. Decreasing the dietary ω6/ω3 clearly decreased the content in breast muscle of C20:1 and C22:1, but increased that of C24:1. C20:4, C20:5 and C22:5, increased significantly by decreasing the dietary ω6/ω3, and the birds fed the 10:1 diet had higher contents of C22:6 than other treatments. This study has clearly demonstrated that decreasing the dietary ω6/ω3, increases the deposition of desirable ω3 and ω6 long chain PUFA in the edible tissue, thereby achieving nutritionally enriched meat.     

MC3R基因对京海黄鸡屠体性状的遗传效应分析

本研究以MC3R基因为鸡屠体性状的候选基因,旨在探讨其对京海黄鸡屠体性状的影响。运用PCR-SSCP方法结合测序技术,检测了MC3R基因在京海黄鸡群体中的多态性,并采用一般线性模型(GLM)分析基因型与屠体性状的遗传效应。结果显示,MC3R基因CDS序列检测区内,引物MR2、MR3和MR8扩增的片段具有多态性,其中引物MR2和MR3扩增片段均存在2个SNP位点,分别形成AA、AB、AC 3种基因型和EE、EF、FF、EH 4种基因型,引物MR8扩增片段只存在1个SNP位点,形成了KK、KL和LL 3种基因型;检测到的5个SNPs位点分别为CDS区C160A、G192T、C273T、G310A、G762A突变。关联分析结果显示,MR2位点对京海黄鸡各屠体性状(除腹脂质量)均有极显著影响(P0.01);MR3位点各基因型(排除个体数少于3的基因型)屠体性状间差异均不显著(P0.05),推断MR3位点对京海黄鸡屠体性状影响不显著(P0.05);MR8位点对京海黄鸡屠体质量、胸肌质量、腿肌质量、全净膛质量、半净膛质量有极显著影响(P0.01),对活体质量和腹脂质量有显著影响(P0.05)。对MR2和MR8 2个位点的效应进行联合分析,结果显示,2个位点组合基因型对所有屠体性状均有显著或极显著影响(P0.05或P0.01),其中AB/KK基因型组合为有利基因型组合,AA/LL基因型组合为不利基因型组合。因此,本研究可为京海黄鸡分子标记辅助育种提供依据,有利于加快对京海黄鸡屠体性状选择的育种进程,同时通过本研究可推测MC3R基因对家禽的屠体性状具有很大的遗传效应,为家禽育种工作提供理论依据。     

The effect of different concentrations of linseed oil or fish oil in the maternal diet on the fatty acid composition and oxidative status of sows and piglets

N‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for foetal development. Hence, including n‐3 PUFA in the sow diet can be beneficial for reproduction. Both the amount and form (precursor fatty acids vs. long chain PUFA) of supplementation are important in this respect. Furthermore, including n‐3 PUFA in the diet can have negative effects, such as decreased arachidonic acid (ARA) concentration and increased oxidative stress. This study aimed to compare the efficacy to increase eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations in the piglet, when different concentrations of linseed oil (LO, source of precursor α‐linolenic acid) or fish oil (FO, source of EPA and DHA) were included in the maternal diet. Sows were fed a palm oil diet or a diet including 0.5% or 2% LO or FO from day 45 of gestation until weaning. Linoleic acid (LA) was kept constant in the diets to prevent a decrease in ARA, and all diets were supplemented with α‐tocopherol acetate (150 mg/kg) and organic selenium (0.4 mg/kg) to prevent oxidative stress. Feeding 0.5% LO or 0.5% FO to the sows resulted in comparable EPA concentrations in the 5‐day old piglet liver, but both diets resulted in lower EPA concentrations than when 2% LO was fed. The highest EPA concentration was obtained when 2% FO was fed. The DHA level in the piglet liver could only be increased when FO, but not LO, was fed to the sows. The 2% FO diet had no advantage over the 0.5% FO diet to increase DHA in the piglet. Despite the constant LA concentration in the sow diet, a decrease in ARA could not be avoided when LO or FO were included in the diet. Feeding 2% FO to the sows increased the malondialdehyde concentration (marker for lipid peroxidation) in sow plasma, but not in piglets.     

The effect of pomegranate seed oil and grapeseed oil on cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA (rumenic acid), n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids deposition in selected tissues of chickens

The aim of this study was to determine whether diet modification with different doses of grapeseed oil or pomegranate seed oil will improve the nutritive value of poultry meat in terms of n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids, as well as rumenic acid (cis‐9, trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid) content in tissues diversified in lipid composition and roles in lipid metabolism. To evaluate the influence of applied diet modification comprehensively, two chemometric methods were used. Results of cluster analysis demonstrated that pomegranate seed oil modifies fatty acids profile in the most potent way, mainly by an increase in rumenic acid content. Principal component analysis showed that regardless of type of tissue first principal component is strongly associated with type of deposited fatty acid, while second principal component enables identification of place of deposition—type of tissue. Pomegranate seed oil seems to be a valuable feed additive in chickens’ feeding.