发育对番茄叶片防御相关酶活性的影响

以不同发育阶段及开花期番茄植株为材料,研究了不同发育时期番茄防御酶同工酶酶谱及防御酶活性的差异。结果发现,同叶龄番茄叶片过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和酯酶同工酶酶活性随植株生长均显著增加;叶龄较植株发育阶段对三种同工酶酶谱的影响较小。同叶龄番茄叶片的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶在不同发育阶段有显著差异,β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶活性分别在开花初期和六叶期植株中最高;β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性随着叶龄的增加而升高,而几丁质酶活性变化不大。该研究表明,植物的一些抗病防御相关因子与植物发育时期密切相关,植株发育阶段对叶片防御相关因子的影响显著高于叶龄对它的影响。     

西瓜同工酶及可溶性蛋白分析

对京欣一号西瓜的亲本及杂种一代的几种同工酶系统及可溶性蛋白进行了分析。结果表明，在种子萌发过程中，过氧化物酶、酯酶和可溶性蛋白随发育阶段或营养状况的改变而改变；而在相同萌发时期，过氧物酶工酶、酯酶同工酶、过氧化氢酶同工酶和淀粉酶同工酶在亲本及杂种间未见差异，杂种的可溶性蛋白图谱表现与母本相同，而与父本有差异。此外，对６个品种的西瓜、非洲西瓜和瓠瓜的分析结果表明，非洲西瓜和瓠瓜的过氧化物酶酶谱、酯酶     

不同育种年代玉米自交系和杂交种的过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的研究

对不同育种年代的１１个玉米自交系和８个杂交种进行了过氧化物酶和酯酶的同工酶研究。结果表明，用过氧化物酶同工酶区分不同材料的灵敏性高于酯酶同工酶。尽管不同育种年代玉米自交系和杂交种在同工酶谱带上差异明显，但未表现出随育种年代变化的趋势。根据过氧化物酶同工酶或酯酶同工酶谱带的变化很难预测玉米杂种优势的表现。     

烟草不同生育时期烟田土壤酶活变化特征

土壤酶活性是土壤肥力和土壤质量的重要指标,为探讨烟草不同生育时期烟田土壤酶活变化特征,测定了烟草团棵期、旺长期、现蕾期、采烤前期4个时期烟田土壤8种酶的活性。发现烟田土壤酶活性随烟草的生育期发展而发生变化,不同酶其酶活特征变化表现不同。脲酶和蔗糖酶在现蕾期具有较高活性,多酚氧化酶在采烤前期的活性较高,脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶和酸、碱性磷酸酶在旺长期具有较高的活性,中性磷酸酶在团棵期具有较高的活性,而过氧化氢酶随烟草的生育期变化较小。     

果蔗不同器官在不同生育期的同工酶聚类相关分析

为了解过氧化物酶(POD)和酯酶(EST)同工酶在果蔗生长中的变化规律,本研究选择不同的取样时期和植株不同器官,对8个果蔗品种利用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺电泳得出的叶片、根组织不同生育时期POD、EST同工酶酶谱进行聚类分析,并检测其相关性。结果表明：（1）不同品种间同工酶谱的遗传相似系数存在差异,特别是外引黑皮果蔗(Badila)与中国地方品种之间存在着一定的遗传差异;（2）不同生育时期叶片或根部的POD同工酶和EST同工酶酶谱的聚类图都存在着差异;（3）叶片中的POD、EST酶谱在各个生育时期均达到极显著相关。说明叶片是这两种酶基因表达的最重要活性部位,因此叶片可以作为同工酶分析较为稳定和适宜的采样部位。     

利用等电聚焦技术鉴定杂交水稻种子纯度

等电聚焦电泳是分离蛋白质（同工酶）最有效的方法之一，本文以杂交水稻特优524（F1）及其父本、母本的种子为材料，对它们胚芽时期的酯酶等同工酶进行等电聚焦电泳分析。结果表明：特优524（F1）的酯酶同工酶有4条酶带，其父本有2条酶带，其母本有3条酶带，混杂种子有5条酶带。测出此杂交水稻种子的纯度为94．6％，与田间鉴定相符合。     

玉米杂种一代的酯酶酶谱分析

本文利用4个亲本杂交的后代F1的玉米品种，采用聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳进行酯酶同工酶谱分析，结果表明：玉米不同生育期具有不同的酶带，其中幼叶的酯酶酶带多于胚中的酯酶酶带；由于不同组合具有不同的配合力，后代中父本、母本的酯酶遗传物质比率具有很大差异。     

分韭、山韭和韭的酯酶同工酶研究

本文对分韭、山韭和韭的两个栽培品种的叶片和根尖酯酶同工酯酶谱进行了分析研究。叶片酯酶同工酶分离出14条酶带;根尖酯酶同工酶分离出20条酶带。几种韭间酶谱类型差异显著,而品种间酶谱类型差异较小。同时,对分韭的分类问题进行了探讨。     

不同抗旱性冬小麦品种过氧化物同工酶的表达规律

以６个抗旱性不同的冬小麦品种及其杂种一代为材料,用ＩＥＦ电泳方法分析了抗旱品种与旱敏感品种的过氧化物同工酶在５个不同生育时期的表达规律。结果表明,无论在正常还是旱胁迫条件下,所有材料在返青期,拔节期ＰＯＸ酶带均较多且强度很高,随生育进程推进,大部分酶带强度减弱;抗旱品种在旱胁迫后,个别酶带活性增强,旱敏感品种则变化极微;稳定表达的酶带呈共显性遗传,可变表达型ＰＯＸ酶带有较多的遗传模式。     

秋播甜玉米氮磷钾营养特点及施肥对其影响研究

摘 要：田间试验结果表明,甜玉米生长发育过程中,植株的P含量从苗期到收获基本没有明显变化而NK含量随着生长期后延不断下降,但NPK养分积累随生物量增加而不断增加。施用NK肥料显著提高植株NK含量和NPK吸收累积量,施P对提高植株P含量和累积量效果不明显。从苗期植株NK含量约6倍于收获期,吐丝到成熟收获期间NK吸收累积量出现突跃式增长的营养特点分析认为,甜玉米的苗期(6-10叶)和吐丝期是两个重要的营养敏感期,在优质丰产栽培技术中需提供充足的土壤养分供应。     

苏杂16与其亲本的同工酶谱分析

苏杂１６ 是陆地棉品种间强优势杂交种。本文在子叶期按根、茎、子叶三个部位对苏杂１６ 及其双亲的酯酶同工酶与过氧化物酶同工酶做了分析。结果表明, 苏杂１６ 的杂种优势类型在单一酶谱图式上属“单一亲本型”; 同时苏杂１６ 兼具亲本宁１０１ 的酯酶同工酶谱特征和川４１４ 的过氧化物酶同工酶特征, 显示出异类酶互补的独特性。     

不同剂量~(60)Co-γ射线对小麦、水稻幼苗生长的影响

用10—30KR剂量~(60)CO—γ射线处理小麦中引15、St和水稻沪B干种子、幼苗生长期胚根、子叶发育受到明显抑制.对幼苗生长的影响后期(萌发5天后)比早期(开始萌发至萌发第5天)明显,芽鞘的发育对γ射线不敏感.过氧化物酶同工酶的分析结果表明,发育受抑的小麦St、水稻沪B胚根中各增加1—2条负极酶带;发育受抑的小麦中引15、St、水稻沪B子叶中,过氧化物酶同工酶没有产生变化,而从外部形态特征上看没有变化的中引15芽鞘中比对照多2条正极带.上述结果表明,经r射线照射后,植物外部形态特征的变化与内部过氧化物酶同工酶的变化并不完全相关.     

普通小麦T型和K型胞质雄性不育系败育过程细胞学观察和同工酶检测

利用细胞学观察和同工酶电泳测试，分析了普通小麦Ｔ型和Ｋ型胞质雄性不育系、保持系和恢复系花药的发育过程，结果表明：（１）用同工酶电泳检测小麦Ｔ型和Ｋ型雄性不育胞质效应的区别有效。（２）酯酶酶谱较过氧化物酶酶谱更能清楚地检测两类不同胞质不育系败育发生的时期和程度。（３）细胞学观察表明，Ｔ型不育系小孢子在双核期其细胞核绝大部分不存在，成为空壳，败育较早，较迅速，这可能是其恢复源较狭窄的原因之一；而Ｋ型不     

Identification of broad bean cultivars based on isozyme patterns

Summary With the increasing rate of new cultivar production for different crop plants, there is great need for methods of identifying each cultivar discriminatingly. Starch gel electrophoresis was employed to study the differences between the esterase and cathodal peroxidase isozyme patterns of 40 broad bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars. A total of 10 and 17 medium to darkly stained bands were obtained for esterase and peroxidase systems, respectively. Bands from each enzyme system could be gropuped into three zones. Bands belonging to zone 1 of esterase (E₁) and zones 2 and 3 of peroxidase (P₂ and P₃) were quite distinct, stained intensely, and were especially useful for identification purposes.The differences in banding patterns among cultivars of the same origin were as great as those of cultivars of unrelated origin. A large proportion of the cultivars could be completely differentiated using both of the isozyme systems. There were no bands present in either enzyme system which were common to all cultivars.     

安徽省4种寄主南方根结线虫鉴定

为了鉴定安徽省栝楼(Trichosanthes kirilowii)、桔梗(Platycodon grandiflorum)、木耳菜(Basella rubra)和小叶黄杨(Buxus sinica)上的根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)种类,并比较不同RKN种群间形态差异,运用形态学和酯酶同工酶凝胶电泳特征条带分析方法对安徽省4种寄主南方根结线虫进行种类鉴定。形态学观察和酯酶同工酶凝胶电泳特征条带分析结果均表明：栝楼、桔梗和木耳菜上的RKN均为南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita);形态学观察结果表明：小叶黄杨上的根结线虫肥西种群为南方根结线虫(M. incognita)疑似种,酯酶同工酶凝胶电泳特征条带分析结果将其确定为南方根结线虫(M. incognita),木耳菜和小叶黄杨上发生的南方根结线虫为安徽省新种。该研究结果为本地根结线虫防治、南方根结线虫生理分化研究、种群和寄主间关系研究提供依据。     

低能Ar+注入樱桃萝卜点点红种子后的生物学效应

选取樱桃萝卜点点红为材料,对低能Ar+离子注入其干种子后的生物学效应进行了研究。考察了其发芽率、成活率与低能Ar+注入剂量的关系,对低能Ar+注入点点红种子后其过氧化物酶(POD)的活性进行了测定,并对POD酶谱及酯酶(Est)同工酶酶谱进行分析。研究结果表明,不同剂量的低能Ar+注入都会引起种子发芽率、成活率及不同阶段的生长和发育产生变异;在1×1017Ar+/cm2与3×1017Ar+/cm2剂量之间点点红种子的发芽率随注入剂量的增加呈现出“马鞍型”曲线的变化趋势;成活率的变化规律与发芽率的变化规律基本一致;低剂量注入时,其POD活性随剂量的增加而升高;高剂量注入时,其POD活性随剂量的增加而降低。同工酶图谱中,POD在2.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2增加一条酶带,且1.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2高剂量注入时有缺失现象;酯酶(Est)在1.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2剂量注入时酶带数增加,且变深。     

An electrophoretic study of esterase and peroxidase isozymes in Brassicoraphanus

Summary A comparative electrophoretic study of esterase and peroxidase isozymes from the leaves of Brassicoraphanus and its parental species (Brassica japonica and Raphanus sativus) was carried out by means of the polyacrylamide gel isoelectrofocusing technique. The isozyme bands of Brassicoraphanus could be regarded as a summation of parent-derived bands, some of which were missing, in addition to some new bands. The qualitative and quantitative variation of isozyme patterns among individual plants was found within each strain of Brassicoraphanus as well as each parental species. The range of the enzymatic variation of a certain strain seemed to reflect the genetic homogeneity of the strain in question. Every strain of Brassicoraphanus was less variable in esterase patterns than the parental species, but in peroxidase patterns the variations of Brassicoraphanus were intermediate between those of both parents. Some strains of Brassicoraphanus were uniform in isozyme patterns, whereas others were variable. The difference in enzymatic variation among strains was perhaps due to the difference in the source of the strains and the selection which they received.     

Cotton Leaf Senescence can be Delayed by Nitrophenolate Spray Through Enhanced Antioxidant Defence System

Leaf senescence is an oxidative process, and most of the catabolic processes involved in senescence are propagated irreversibly once initiated. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that nitrophenolates (Atonik, a plant growth regulator) spray can delay the leaf senescence through reduced oxidative damage. Atonik 3.75 g a.i. ha^?1 was sprayed during boll filling stage on cotton, and the senescence process was evaluated by quantifying total chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate, Fv/Fm ratio, various reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, antioxidant content and antioxidant enzyme activity from 90 days after sowing (DAS) to 130 DAS. The result indicated that nitrophenolate spray reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide anion (O₂^?) accumulation, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), lipoxygenase activity and membrane permeability over unsprayed control. The antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, SOD; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; peroxidase, POX; glutathione peroxidase, GSH‐Px) were significantly increased by the nitrophenolate spray. POX (118.1 %) and GSH‐Px (143.3 %) activities were enhanced to a higher level compared to APX (8.5 %) activity at 130 DAS. Enhanced accumulation of ascorbate (144.9 %), phenol (154.7 %) and proline (50 %) was seen in nitrophenolate‐sprayed plants compared with unsprayed control plants at 130 DAS. Ascorbate content is increased by higher dehydroascorbate reductase enzyme activity. Ascorbate was thus able to replenish reducing equivalents to phenoxyl radicals resulting in an increase in phenolic compounds. The increased phenolic acid content may be involved in scavenging the ROS produced during senescence process. The higher level of reduced ascorbate and low level of endogenous H₂O₂ in the leaves may be the prerequisite for delayed leaf senescence in the nitrophenolate‐sprayed plants. Based on the present work, it can be concluded that nitrophenolate‐sprayed plants can postpone the leaf senescence by peroxide/phenolic/ascorbate system which is involved in scavenging the ROS produced during leaf senescence.     

过氧化物酶同工酶电泳技术在冬小麦抗白粉病鉴定中的应用

通过对１４个抗白粉病、２３个感白粉病的冬小麦品种、品系功能叶过氧化物酶同工酶分析证明，由于对白粉病反应不同，在拔节至抽穗期，抗、感品种功能叶的过氧化物酶酶谱有明显差别，据此可以对田间大量育种材料进行早期预测，以防使用感病材料接种花药和进行杂交。用叶片同工酶鉴定抗病性，不影响植株生长发育，可与育种试验同时进行，是一种简便易行的鉴定方法。