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降雨条件下旱地土壤水分运动的数值模拟 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以土壤水动力学原理为基础,研究降雨条件下旱地土壤水分的运动规律,建立了一维垂直非饱和土壤水分运动的数学模型,采用有限差分法FDM求解数学模型。模型检验表明,试验实测数据与模型计算值吻合较好,说明所建立的模型是可行的。 相似文献
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在控制性交替灌溉土壤水分动态和根系分布试验观测的基础上,建立了夏玉米控制性交替灌溉条件下土壤水分动态模拟模型,并根据实测资料确定了参数,对模型进行验证。通过与田间实测值进行比较结果表明,模型的均方差在0.029~0.038 cm3/cm3范围内,模拟值与实测值的平均相对误差在5.26%~7.85%范围。因此,认为模型能很好地模拟夏玉米控制性交替灌溉条件下的土壤水分动态。 相似文献
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为获取冬小麦根系层水量转化情况,该文采用系统动力学的建模思想和Vensim软件构建了冬小麦一维逐日土壤水量平衡模型。模型将2m土层概化为十个串联的水箱,计算了灌溉降雨后的土壤水分下渗、土壤蒸发、作物蒸腾、毛管上升补给和水分重分配等物理过程。利用河北省石津灌区军齐干渠北二支一斗渠2007-2009年两季冬小麦的田间试验资料对模型进行了率定和验证,结果显示率定期和验证期的平均残差比例和分散均方根比例均在15%以内。三种极端条件测试和六种参数的敏感性测试以及与Hydrus-1模型的比较表明模型假定合理,没有发生结构性错误。对灌区两季冬小麦生育期的土壤水分转化进行模拟,结果表明降雨和灌溉是主要供水水源,毛管水上升量很小,底部渗漏较大,而土壤储水量变化很小。 相似文献
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基于HYDRUS—2D的负压灌溉土壤水分入渗数值模拟 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
依据土壤水动力学理论,结合负压灌溉条件下土壤水分运动特征,建立了土壤水分入渗模型。利用HYDRUS-2D对所建模型求解,并模拟在负压地下灌溉下,水分在土壤垂直剖面随时间的入渗变化规律。将模拟结果与试验测量结果进行对比验证,结果表明,两者相对误差为2%~4%,所建模型可以有效描述负压地下灌溉条件下土壤水分入渗规律。利用该模型模拟研究了不同灌水器半径(8、10、12 cm)和不同土质(北京地区土壤和基质)下土壤水分的入渗情况。结果表明:灌水器半径是影响土壤水分入渗的显著性因素。灌水器半径越大,水分入渗速率越快。灌水器尺寸对入渗起始时的入渗延迟有较大影响,灌水器半径越大,延迟越小。土壤水分入渗速率与灌水器半径呈正相关。 相似文献
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华北冬小麦-夏玉米农田水分动态模拟研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
冬小麦-夏玉米连作是华北地区主要的粮食作物种植模式。根据华北季节性冻土区的特点,将全年划分为作物生长期与越冬期,分别建立了作物生长条件下农田水分运移模型、冻融条件下土壤水热运移模型。前一模型主要包括参照腾发量计算、腾发量分配、作物根系吸水、土壤表面蒸发、土壤水分特征参数和土壤水分运动等子模型;后一模型主要包括冻土水热耦舍迁移、地气水热交换等子模型。应用以上模型对冬小麦-夏玉米连作条件下的土壤水分过程进行模拟,根据北京永乐店试验资料对模型进行检验。模拟了不同降水水平年、不同灌溉处理下的农田灌溉制度及土壤水分过程,分析了降水、灌溉对农田蒸散、土壤水利用、深层渗漏等的影响。 相似文献
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冬小麦不同深度灌水条件下土壤水分运动数值模拟 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
冬小麦深度灌水可以促进根系深扎,提高水分利用率。为了定量计算深度灌水条件下土壤水分动态,根据冬小麦不同深度灌水试验,用土壤水分运动方程的源项模拟不同深度灌水,建立了冬小麦不同深度灌水条件下土壤水分运动模型,采用有限差分法求解。利用不同深度灌水冬小麦试验数据对模型进行验证,结果表明模型计算的土壤含水率与实测土壤含水率的动态变化趋势一致,二者显著相关,相关系数在0.90以上,模型平均绝对误差最大值为0.023 cm3/cm3,平均相对误差最大值为8.22%,均方根误差最大值为0.03 cm3/cm3。所建模型具有较高的模拟精度,可用于模拟不同深度灌水条件下冬小麦土壤水分分布与动态变化。 相似文献
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北部生态系统生产力模拟(BEPS,Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator)模型能够模拟不同生态系统碳水循环过程,并通过气孔导度将二者有机地结合,在土壤水分模拟上具有更大的优势。为了使BEPS模型适用于较小空间尺度的雨养冬小麦农田生态系统的土壤水分模拟,根据冬小麦的降水截留过程、冠层的辐射传输过程、根系分布规律和区域土壤水文参数的获取方法对BEPS模型的水平衡模块进行参数方案调整。在此基础上,基于实现BEPS模型与遥感反演的农田土壤水分数据同化的目的,利用经上述调整方案后的BEPS模型,对郑州农业气象试验站2011—2015年冬小麦生长季的农田土壤水分进行动态模拟,并用观测数据进行验证。结果表明,调整后的BEPS模型能够较好地模拟雨养冬小麦农田土壤水分及动态变化,决定系数R2可达0.70以上,平均相对误差MRE总体低于25.0%,但对底层模拟能力较差;在以旬为步长条件下,拔节前模拟效果优于拔节后;土壤水文参数是影响模型模拟土壤水分垂直交换和分布的主要因素,可通过优化进一步提高土壤水分模拟能力。 相似文献
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Water uptake by plant roots is an important process in the hydrological cycle, not only for plant growth but also for the role it plays in shaping microbial community and bringing in physical and biochemical changes to soils. The ability of roots to extract water is determined by combined soil and plant characteristics, and how to model it has been of interest for many years. Most macroscopic models for water uptake operate at soil profile scale under the assumption that the uptake rate depends on root density and soil moisture. Whilst proved appropriate, these models need spatio-temporal root density distributions, which is tedious to measure in situ and prone to uncertainty because of the complexity of root architecture hidden in the opaque soils. As a result, developing alternative methods that do not explicitly need the root density to estimate the root water uptake is practically useful but has not yet been addressed. This paper presents and tests such an approach. The method is based on a neural network model, estimating the water uptake using different types of data that are easy to measure in the field. Sunflower grown in a sandy loam subjected to water stress and salinity was taken as a demonstrating example. The inputs to the neural network model included soil moisture, electrical conductivity of the soil solution, height and diameter of plant shoot, potential evapotranspiration, atmospheric humidity and air temperature. The outputs were the root water uptake rate at different depths in the soil profile. To train and test the model, the root water uptake rate was directly measured based on mass balance and Darcy's law assessed from the measured soil moisture content and soil water matric potential in profiles from the soil surface to a depth of 100 cm. The ‘measured’ root water uptake agreed well with that predicted by the neural network model. The successful performance of the model provides an alternative and more practical way to estimate the root water uptake at field scale. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Water Management》1999,41(1):57-70
The salinity condition in the root zone hinders moisture extraction from soil by plants, because of osmotic potential development in soil water due to presence of salts, which ultimately, decreases transpiration of plants and thereby affects crop yield. Therefore, an effort was made in this study to quantify the impact of salinity on soil water availability to plants. The movement of salts under irrigation and evapotranspiration regimes in root zone of soil profile was studied throughout the growing season of wheat crop with adopting exponential pattern of root water uptake. A model was developed to analyze soil water balance to find out moisture deficit because of salinity. A non-linear relationship was formulated between moisture content and salt concentration for simultaneous prediction. The Crank–Nicolson method of Finite Differencing was used to solve the differential equations of soil water and solute transport. The effect of various salt concentrations on transpiration was analyzed to develop a relationship between relative evapotranspiration and relative yield. Relationships among salt concentration, matric potential, moisture deficit and actual transpiration were also established to provide better understanding about impact of salinization and to provide guidelines for obtaining better crop yields in saline soils. 相似文献
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重力式地下滴灌土壤水分运动规律的模拟研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
基于非饱和土壤水运动理论,建立了重力式地下滴灌条件下土壤水分运动数学模型,用Galerkin有限元法推导了重力式地下滴灌土壤水分运动有限元方程,并通过试验进行了验证,在此基础上模拟分析了中壤土条件下的滴灌管道埋深、出水孔孔径、供水压力对简易重力式地下滴灌土壤湿润特征和滴孔出水量的影响。结果表明所建模型可以分析地下滴灌土壤水分入渗规律,在中壤土条件下,不同供水压力、滴孔孔径虽对重力式地下滴灌的滴孔出流量有较大影响,但对土壤湿润特征影响微弱,地下滴灌管道埋深对土壤水分湿润特征影响较大,这些结论可为重力式地下滴灌合理的设计及运行提供理论依据。 相似文献