Bt cry1Ia8抗虫基因对结球甘蓝的转化及其表达

 以结球甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. ) 的下胚轴和具柄子叶为外植体, 通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tum efaciens) 介导法将苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis) 杀虫晶体蛋白基因cry1Ia8导入结球甘蓝中, 共获得38株卡那霉素抗性植株。PCR和Southern blot检测证实cry1Ia8基因已经成功导入并整合到甘蓝的基因组中; RT2PCR和Western blot检测表明, cry1Ia8基因在转录和翻译水平有一定的表达; 转化植株叶片离体饲喂敏感小菜蛾( Plutella xylostella) 和对Cry1Ac蛋白表现抗性的小菜蛾的试验表明, 该基因不仅对敏感小菜蛾有很强的抗性, 对抗性小菜蛾也具有较强的抗性。     

几种苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白对黑龙江省主要蔬菜害虫小菜蛾活性分析

利用已克隆的3种Bt cry基因cry1Ca、cry1Ia、cry2Ab和1种野生菌株HD-73(cry1Ac)表达的4种Bt Cry杀虫晶体蛋白,对小菜蛾进行生物活性分析,并将Cry1Ac杀虫晶体蛋白分别与其它3种蛋白按1:1的比例组合,对小菜蛾进行生物活性测定.结果表明:单独使用Cry1Ac的活性最高,LC50为2.39 μg/mL,Cry1Ac与Cry2Ab混合对小菜蛾的具有较高的毒力,LC50为48.91,高于其它组合.     

转Cry1Ac青花菜回交后代鉴定方法研究

转Bt基因青花菜在遗传分离后代中的鉴定方法,对于准确筛选阳性单株和抗虫材料具有重要影响。利用5份青花菜材料、1份阳性对照（转Cry1Ac基因纯合材料）和5份回交父本（阴性对照）为试验对象,在基因水平上对Cry1Ac进行普通PCR扩增,蛋白水平上采用Bt-Cry1Ab/1Ac转基因检测试纸条测定,表观上采用小菜蛾离体饲虫试验进行抗性鉴定,比较阐明了3种方法的鉴定效果和优缺点。结果表明,3种方法分别从5份青花菜回交材料的159个分离单株中检测到82、77和75份阳性株,经卡方显著性检验,各材料阳性单株与非阳性单株分离后代均符合孟德尔遗传规律。分析表明,小菜蛾离体饲虫试验对于鉴定转Cry1Ac后代抗虫效果准确可靠,但需要很好地控制实验条件;Bt-Cry1Ab/1Ac转基因检测试纸条灵敏度高,可快速观察到Bt毒蛋白的实际表达量,基本不受条件限制,但必须控制人为误差;普通PCR扩增能够鉴定阳性株,但不能反映实际抗虫效果,必须结合小菜蛾饲虫试验或Bt毒蛋白水平上的检测才能实现精准鉴定。     

农杆菌介导Cry1Ac基因转化菊花

 用农杆菌介导法, 以茎段(节间) 为外植体, 将含有苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt) 毒蛋白Cry1Ac基因的植物遗传载体导入菊花(切花菊) 品种‘日本黄’中, 得到126株抗性植株, PCR检测及基因组DNA的Southern杂交分析表明Cry1Ac基因已整合到菊花总DNA中, 共获得6株转基因植株。利用棉铃虫做转基因植株的盆栽和叶片平皿试验, 发现其中2株对棉铃虫具有很高抗性, 校正死亡率达90%以上; 1株对棉铃虫具有高抗性, 校正死亡率达80%以上; 3株对棉铃虫抗性较明显, 校正死亡率44.7%～60.9%。     

抗虫相关基因KTI 对青花菜的转化及其对小菜蛾抗性的分析

 以青花菜（Brassica oleracea L. ssp. italica）下胚轴为外植体,通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化方 法将来源于杨树的Kunitz 型丝氨酸胰蛋白酶抑制剂（KTI）基因导入青花菜品系‘09LR-11’中,获得13 株卡那霉素抗性植株。以KTI 特异引物对转基因植株进行PCR 检测,其中8 株为KTI 阳性植株。Southern blot 分析进一步表明,基因KTI 已成功整合到青花菜基因组中。RT-PCR 检测表明,KTI 在转基因青花菜 中已成功表达。通过室内叶片离体试验和田间观察,初步证明转KTI 青花菜对小菜蛾幼虫具有一定抗性     

毒杀天牛基因mBt886cry3a转化小黄菊研究

毒蛋白编码基因 Bt886cry3Aa 对小黄菊进行了遗传转化,转化植株经过PCR和总DNA狭缝杂交验证,得到转基因小黄菊4个样品株.对菊天牛2龄幼虫的生物测定表明:4个样品株毒杀活性明显高于对照,校正死亡率分别为:45.89%、39.12%、35.42%和22.41%.mBt886cry3a转基因植株表现出较强的天牛毒杀活性,为天牛等钻蛀性害虫的防治提供了研究基础.     

农杆菌介导的人白细胞介素-4基因转化甘蓝的研究

以结球甘蓝‘92-1012-3-11’自交系种子转白细胞介素-4(IL-4)基因T0代材料为试材,研究了通过农杆菌介导法将人IL-4基因导入甘蓝后代的遗传转化情况.结果表明:共得到抗草铵磷(PPT)抗性再生植株396株,聚合酶链式反应(PCR)阳性植株137株,其中带柄子叶转化率为8.1％,下胚轴分化率为5.8％.通过对转基因阳性株T0代的PPT抗性筛选、PCR、PCRSouthern杂交检测获得IL-4阳性甘蓝植株,表明IL-4基因已转入甘蓝受体中.经ELISA和Western检测,说明IL-4基因已整合到甘蓝基因组,但表达量很低(0.23～2.81 ng/mL),且各植株间的表达量差异极大.     

TYLCV外壳蛋白基因植物表达载体构建及转化番茄的研究

以"特大瑞光"番茄为受体植物,采用农杆菌介导法,将含有番茄黄化曲叶病毒外壳蛋白(TYLCV-CP)基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA3301转入番茄子叶外植体,对获得的13株草胺膦抗性番茄植株进行PCR和Southern Blot技术检测。结果表明:有10株呈阳性检测反应,说明TYLCV-CP基因已整合到番茄基因组中,阳性率为76.9%;番茄转基因植株较非转基因植株对番茄黄化曲叶病毒的抗性明显增强。     

Cry1Ac 青花菜对小菜蛾的抗性和产卵行为的影响

利用3 个Cry1Ac 蛋白表达量不同的青花菜株系,研究了其对抗性小菜蛾和敏感小菜蛾的抗
性和产卵选择行为的影响。实验室结果表明：在非Bt 青花菜对照上,抗性小菜蛾和敏感小菜蛾的存活率
差异不显著;在Cry1Ac 蛋白表达量为167 ng·g^-1 的Bt 青花菜上,敏感小菜蛾的死亡率达到100%,而抗
性小菜蛾的死亡率仅为18%;在Cry1Ac 蛋白表达量为224 ng·g^-1 和246 ng·g^-1 的Bt 青花菜上,抗性小
菜蛾和敏感小菜蛾的死亡率均达到100%。抗性小菜蛾和敏感小菜蛾在不同Cry1Ac 蛋白表达量的Bt 青花
菜上的产卵量没有显著差异,表明Cry1Ac 蛋白表达量对小菜蛾的产卵行为没有影响。温室试验结果与实
验室结果基本一致。     

农杆菌介导P2300-pa-8e抗虫基因转化马铃薯的研究

以马铃薯品种早大白和克新18号微型薯为外植体,利用根癌农杆菌介导法,将来源于Bt菌株Bt185的P2300-pa-8e抗虫基因转入马铃薯,并对其遗传转化的影响因素进行研究。获得抗性植株早大白19株、克新18号21株|经PCR检测,5株早大白、9株克新18号呈阳性|经Southern-blot杂交分析,4株早大白、6株克新18号呈阳性,证明P2300-pa-8e基因已整合到马铃薯基因组中。在网室内对转基因植株进行抗虫试验,转基因材料对鞘翅目害虫暗黑鳃金龟和华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫表现出抗性。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.