象山港皱纹盘鲍养殖试验

本文对象山西沪港区的皱纹盘鲍养殖情况进行了报道，结果表明，１．５厘米的鲍苗经２６个月海区养殖，平均壳长可达到５．４２厘米，平均日生长达４５微米，其中尤以春秋两生长最快，养成成活率达８０％。     

皱纹盘鲍浮筏养殖技术

皱纹盘跑（Haliotisdiscushannai）为找国北方鲍类养殖的主要种类。目前养殖方式主要有陆地养殖、海上浮筏养殖和底播放流增殖三种。浮筏养殖以低投入、高产出,为养鲍企业带来了较好的经济效益。笔者经过几年的研究,对浮筏养殖技术进行了归纳和总结,观介绍如下。1海域选择浮筏养鲍海域应选择泥砂、砂泥或泥质底质。水深10－20m,水流畅通,水质清洁,沿岸水域大量生长野生藻类,无工业污染,无大量淡水和生活污水流入,冬季无结冰或浮冰现象,夏季水温在27℃以下,不受或很少受台风影响。2养殖器材浮筏养鲍器材主要包括浮筏、吊绳、网笼…     

皱纹盘鲍南北跨地域养殖试验技术研究

鲍作为海产八珍之一,历来倍受市场青睐。但是,在养殖模式上,始终没有大的突破,产品难以满足市场需求。从潮间（下）带垒石蒙网养鲍,到浅海沉箱养鲍,经历近10年的发展历程,目前,潮间带垒石蒙网养鲍因存在技术和管理等方面的缺陷,在胶南市已基本绝迹;浅海沉箱养鲍因管理不便,如发生病害,用药非常困难,死亡率较高,     

皱纹盘鲍养殖中几个问题的探讨

皱纹盘鲍养殖中几个问题的探讨刘亚军（辽宁省海洋渔业开发中心大连１ｌ６０１３）关键词：皱纹盘鲍，养殖，饵料皱纹盘鲍（Ｈ．ｄｉｓｃｕｓｈａｎｎａｉＺｎｏ）是一种经济价值很高的海产贝类。国内从育苗到养成已形成一定规模，网笼养鲍法正在推广，产量有逐年上升的趋...     

山东南部皱纹盘鲍工厂化养殖试验研究

报道了山东南部皱纹盘鲍（HaliotisdiscushannaiIno）工厂化养殖试验研究的结果。自1995年1月19日至1996年5月19日，经16个月的培育，将平均壳长21．4mm，平均体重0．99g的幼的培育成平均壳长61．9mm（最大壳长72．0mm），平均体重28.5g的成鲍，成活率为93．2％。0．3m2的波纹权的养殖密度：鲍壳长为20．0～30．0mm时，养殖密度200～250粒为好；40．0mm以前，养殖密度150粒为宜；60．0mm以前，养殖密度50～80粒为佳。饵料以人工配合饵料为好。在鲍壳长40．0mm以前，在投喂人工配合饵料的同时，加上适量的新鲜海藻可以达到同样的增长和增重的目的。全投喂海藻增长和增重都较慢。     

皱纹盘鲍工厂化养殖试验

鲍鱼（杂色鲍）作为深圳市农业经济的重要部分，由于近年发生的冬季病毒性疾病，正面临行业萎缩的严峻局面，为了寻找新的出路，我们去年开始进行了皱纹盘鲍工厂化鲍苗养殖试验，取得了初步成功：三个养殖车间，收获鲍苗２００万粒，平均壳长２．５厘米，最大达３．５厘米，养殖成活率９７．２％，取得了较好的经济和社会效益。现将试验的基本情况报告如下：一、材料与方法１．海区选择深圳市大亚湾与大鹏湾交界，面向外海，海区洁净，无工业污染，附近无河流，水流畅通，盐度保持在３１‰左右，水温年变化范围为１３～３１．５℃。２．鱼池…     

皱纹盘鲍沉箱养殖技术

<正>1养殖海区的选择选择水流畅通,水质清新,海藻丛生的岩礁海区,水温3～28℃,盐度30以上,退大潮后可保持水深0.5～0.6 m,且该水域无养殖病害史。     

皱纹盘鲍的养殖生物学研究进展

本文主要就温度对皱纹盘鲍摄食，生长及代谢的影响，皱纹筋鲍在各生长阶段的消化生理变化，皱纹盘鲍的营养需要与人工饵料的配制，以及皱纹盘鲍的主要细菌性，病毒性，寄生性病害的研究与防治等4个方面进行了综述。     

2种壳色皱纹盘鲍营养成分的比较

对皱纹盘鲍 (HaliotisdiscushannaiIno) 2种壳色个体———红壳个体和绿壳个体的一般营养成分、矿物元素以及脂肪酸的组成和含量进行比较研究。结果表明 ,两者对应组织 (足肌、内脏、生殖腺 )中水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分的含量基本无差异 ;内脏灰分颜色均为红褐色 ,但足肌灰分颜色明显不同 ,绿壳个体呈灰白色而红壳个体则呈浅砖红色。矿物元素的分析结果进一步显示 ,足肌中除了Ca之外 ,所测元素的含量均以红壳个体为高 ,其中Fe、Cu、Mn的含量为绿壳个体的2～ 3倍 ;红壳个体贝壳中Mn的含量亦较高 ,约为绿壳个体的 2倍。两者上述对应组织的脂肪酸种类相同 ,含量基本一致。此外 ,粗脂肪、无机元素含量以及脂肪酸的组成和含量在不同组织之间存在较明显的差别     

Effects of dietary cholesterol on growth, survival and body composition of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

An experiment was conducted to determine the dietary cholesterol requirement of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Eight isoenergetic (18.15–18.61 kJ/g) and isonitrogenous (29.00–29.78% protein) diets, supplemented with 0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 and 1.05% cholesterol were evaluated. Juvenile abalone (initial weight: 0.67–0.72 g) were reared in a flow-through water system for 24 weeks. During the feeding trial, water temperature was maintained at 14–17 °C, salinity 31–33, pH 7.4–7.9. Abalone fed diet without cholesterol supplementation had the lowest weight gain ratio (WGR, 356.70%). Survival ranged from 98.52 to 100.00% and was not significantly different among treatments. There were no significant effects of dietary cholesterol on composition and cholesterol concentration in the muscle and viscera of abalone. Based on data of WGR using broken-line analysis, the optimal dietary cholesterol requirement of juvenile abalone was found to be 0.23%.     

皱纹盘鲍染色体C带和rDNA定位

为了提高对皱纹盘鲍染色体的辨识水平,实验利用 Ba(OH)₂ 处理显示了皱纹盘鲍染色体的C带,并用荧光原位杂交分析(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)研究了核糖体大亚基rDNA在皱纹盘鲍中期染色体上的数目与位置。核型结果显示,皱纹盘鲍染色体组包含7对中部着丝粒染色体和8对亚中部着丝粒染色体,另有3对染色体介于中部着丝粒染色体与亚中着丝粒染色体之间(m/sm)。C显带结果显示,8对染色体有稳定的着丝粒C带,5～7对染色体上有中期相间多态的端部C带,3对染色体上有同源染色体异态的臂间C带。FISH 分析显示,皱纹盘鲍中期染色体上分布着4个大亚基 rDNA位点,分别位于2号短臂(2S)、7号短臂(7S)、12号短臂(12S)和18号长臂(18L)的端部。研究结果为皱纹盘鲍染色体辨识提供了新的特征与标记,为进一步研究皱纹盘鲍种群的染色体多态和鲍属染色体进化提供了基础资料。     

The growth of disk abalone, Haliotis discus hannai at different culture densities in a pilot-scale recirculating aquaculture system with a baffled culture tank

The growth rate of disk abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, energy consumption and changes in water quality were monitored in a pilot-scale recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for 155 days. Baffles were installed in the RAS culture tanks to enlarge the attachment area and clean out solid waste materials automatically by hydraulic force only. The experimental disk abalones, of shell length 24.5 ± 0.5 mm, were cultured at three stocking densities, 700, 1300 and 1910 individuals/m² bottom area, in triplicate. The abalones were fed with sea mustard, Undaria pinnatifida, once a week. The abalone feed conversion rates and daily growth rates ranged from 24.5 to 25.9 and 0.32 to 0.36%, respectively. Their daily shell increments and survival rates ranged from 67.7 to 78.6 μm/day and 87.6–92.2%, respectively. The growth in weight tended to decrease at a culture density of 1300 individuals/m² bottom area, while shell increments and survival rates were acceptable at this density. The total power consumption for heating was 1185.4 kW, comprising 30.2% of the total power consumption, while the average water exchange rate was only 2.9% per day. The total ammonia nitrogen stabilized below 0.07 mg/L, after conditioning of the biofilter. The NO₂⁻–N, NO₃⁻–N and total suspended solid concentrations were also maintained within acceptable ranges for the normal growth of disk abalone. The use of the RAS with these newly designed culture tanks for disk abalone culture produced 1300 individuals/m² bottom area with a water exchange rate of only 2.9% per day and used about one-tenth of the heat energy of a conventional flow-through system.     

皱纹盘鲍脯氨酰内肽酶的分离纯化及性质

脯氨酰内肽酶(Prolyl Endopeptidase,PEP)广泛分布在动植物和微生物体内,参与细胞生长和代谢调控。PEP在哺乳动物生殖器官的生长发育过程中起着重要作用,但贝类PEP与性腺发育是否有关尚未有相关报道。本研究以皱纹盘鲍为对象,采用荧光定量PCR技术(qRT-PCR)在性腺检测到有最高的基因表达量和较高的酶活性。通过硫酸铵分级沉淀和连续柱层析,从皱纹盘鲍性腺中分离纯化得到分子量约为82 ku,等电点约为5.5的PEP,其最适温度和最适pH分别为25 °C和6.0,在15~25 °C和pH 5~8能够保持较高的酶活性。利用LC/MS/MS分析纯化蛋白,得到182个氨基酸残基,与皱纹盘鲍脯氨酰内肽酶一致。圆二色谱分析显示,温度对PEP二级结构有较大的影响,拟合热变性温度为51.4±0.2 °C。为了进一步探究PEP在鲍鱼性腺发育过程中的作用,对不同发育时期(生长初期、前期、中期和后期)的雌雄鲍鱼,采用免疫印迹(Western Blot)和qRT-PCR分析性腺中PEP的蛋白和基因表达水平。结果表明,PEP在雄性和雌性性腺的各个时期均能被检测到,在雄性性腺的成熟中期和雌性性腺的成熟后期表达量最高。PEP在鲍鱼性腺不同发育时期时表达量的差异表明其可能参与到性腺发育的过程。     

Effect of tremata closures on the oxygen consumption rhythm of ezo abalone Haliotis discus hannai

Cultured adults of ezo abalone, Haliotis discus hannai (shell length, 89.3 ± 6.4 mm and flesh dry weight, 13.0 ± 1.6 g; n = 12) were exposed to different temperatures (10 and 25 °C) to determine whether respiration effects were induced by artificial closure of the second and third tremata (respiratory pores). A respirometer was used to determine the oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) as measures of metabolic activity. The closed tremata were the second and third of the four open tremata anterior to the head of the abalone. The OCRs of starved abalone were measured under constant conditions (CC: constant dark and constant temperature) during a 240-h period, consisting of 120 h before and 120 h after the closure of tremata. The endogenous rhythm of the OCRs in cultured ezo abalone exhibited a dominant circadian rhythm (unimodal rhythm) in the latter half of the experimental period and occasionally showed a weaker but similar circatidal rhythm (bimodal rhythm) in the first half of the experimental period regardless of temperature. The results from the present study indicate that the rhythmicity of the OCRs in starved abalone is not affected by closure of the second and third tremata. This study offers essential physiological information for utilizing tremata in developing a tagging technique in abalone.     

金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂在皱纹盘鲍抗弧菌免疫中的作用

由弧菌感染引起的疾病是影响鲍存活率的主要因素,实验以皱纹盘鲍为研究对象,探讨金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase,TIMP)在皱纹盘鲍抗弧菌免疫中的功能及其与基质金属蛋白酶1 (matrix metalloproteinase 1,MMP-1)的相互作用关系....     

皱纹盘鲍人工育苗的初步研究

为探讨近三十年来我国皱纹盘鲍养殖模式对群体遗传结构产生的影响,利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基 (COⅠ)基因和细胞色素b (Cytb)基因分析了定殖漳州的群体、大连培育蓬莱越冬群体、荣成培育福建越冬群体及长山列岛 (砣矶岛、大钦岛、南隍城岛)皱纹盘鲍群体的遗传多样性与群体遗传结构。结果显示,在259个个体730 bp的COⅠ序列片段中检测到48个变异位点和30个单倍型,6个群体的单倍型多样性为0.586~0.897,核苷酸多样性为0.0056~0.0081。259个个体730 bp的Cytb序列片段中检测到59个变异位点和32个单倍型,6个群体的单倍型多样性为0.605~0.909,核苷酸多样性为0.0077~0.0120。基于COⅠ和Cytb基因的群体间F_st值以及AMOVA结果表明,绝大部分群体之间存在显著的遗传分化,并且遗传变异主要来源于群体内。现行的皱纹盘鲍北鲍南养模式加强了不同群体之间的基因交流,使不同遗传背景的种群二次接触,导致皱纹盘鲍6个群体均具有较高的单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性;而各养殖群体中的不同选育条件则可能是造成显著遗传分化的重要原因。本研究对分属南北沿海的6个皱纹盘鲍群体的遗传评估将为我国皱纹盘鲍资源的合理利用以及养殖模式对遗传结构的影响提供科学依据。

     

皱纹盘鲍稚鲍对海水酸化与溴氰菊酯复合胁迫的响应

为探究海水酸化与溴氰菊酯(DM)复合暴露对皱纹盘鲍稚鲍的毒性效应,采用3个pH值(8.1、7.7和7.4)和3个溴氰菊酯浓度(0、0.6和6.0μg/L)对稚鲍进行复合胁迫,并对贝壳微观结构与硬度、组织中抗氧化酶活性以及应激、凋亡相关基因表达量进行了检测。结果显示,经过海水酸化与溴氰菊酯复合暴露31 d后稚鲍贝壳CaCO₃晶体沉积困难,文石板片变小并形成分散的板层堆叠,文石板片之间孔隙增大,并且伴随着贝壳硬度的显著降低。同时,海水酸化与溴氰菊酯能够引起稚鲍组织抗氧化酶活性的改变,其中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随着pCO₂与溴氰菊酯浓度的上升而持续降低,并且在海水酸化与溴氰菊酯复合暴露下稚鲍SOD活性明显低于单一暴露物,说明海水酸化与溴氰菊酯对稚鲍SOD活性的影响具有明显交互作用。在相同pH暴露下,溴氰菊酯能够使稚鲍过氧化氢酶(CAT)与谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST)活性显著上升。此外,实验还观察到了稚鲍组织中应激基因与凋亡相关基因表达量随着pCO₂与溴氰菊酯浓度的上升均有提高,并且海水酸化与溴氰菊酯暴露在HSP70、HS...     

Oogenesis and relevant changes in egg quality of abalone Haliotis discus hannai during a single spawning season

Oogenesis of abalone Haliotis discus hannai was examined histologically during a single spawning season using broodstock of various maturation conditions, which were controlled by effective accumulative temperature (EAT). The quality of eggs spawned was determined in relation to oogenesis. For histological examinations, three to five females were sacrificed at 300, 600, 850, 1050, and 1150 °C days EAT, without induction of artificial spawning. Other females were successfully induced to spawn at 700 °C days EAT and were reared following spawning. Three of these females were then sacrificed every 200 °C days EAT until 1300 °C days EAT. Gonad histology showed that two oocyte cohorts matured in H. discus hannai ovaries during a single spawning season. One mature oocyte cohort could be spawned in multiple times. The second oocyte cohort started developing after the first oocyte cohort had been spawned or reabsorbed, and became fully mature 400 °C days EAT after the first cohort was depleted. For egg quality measurements, three to five females were successfully induced to spawn at 850, 1050, 1150, 1900, and 2350 °C days EAT (Experiment 1). Three females were induced to spawn twice, at 700 and 1500 °C days EAT, resulting in two batches of eggs from the same individuals (Experiment 2). Total lipid and protein content of eggs were measured and were greater in eggs from the second cohort than in eggs from the first cohort. No carbohydrates were detected in eggs and there was no difference in cytoplasm volume between the two cohorts. In hatcheries producing H. discus hannai, it is important to increase post-larval starvation tolerance by increasing the quality of eggs, to yield higher and more consistent survival. The results of this study suggest that H. discus hannai hatcheries should use eggs from the second oocyte cohort, which are of higher quality, rather than eggs from the first oocyte cohort.     

Induction of larval settlement and metamorphosis of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai larvae using bromomethane and potassium chloride

Larvae of Haliotis discus hannai were induced to settle and metamorphose by exposure to seawater supplemented with bromomethane. The settlement and metamorphosis of veliger larvae were observed with bromomethane concentrations of 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 ppm on the benthic diatom plates. The highest settlement and metamorphosis rates of larvae were observed in bromomethane concentrations of 600 ppm.

Abalone larvae were induced to settle and metamorphose by exposure to seawater supplemented with potassium chloride. The settlement and metamorphosis of veliger larvae was observed in potassium chloride concentrations of 14, 19, 24 and 29 mM on the benthic diatom plates. The highest settlement and metamorphosis rates of larvae were observed in potassium chloride concentrations of 14–19 mM.