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1.
对嗜卷书虱Liposcelis bostrychophila和嗜虫书虱L. entomophila羧酸酯酶及乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的生物化学性质进行了初步研究。结果表明:嗜虫书虱的羧酸酯酶活性明显高于嗜卷书虱,嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱羧酸酯酶对底物α-NA的Km值分别为0.665 7、0.285 7 mmol/L,Vmax值分别为1.672 2和2.463 1 mmol·(mg·30 min)-1。嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性差异不显著,嗜虫书虱略高于嗜卷书虱。通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,检测出8条嗜卷书虱、7条嗜虫书虱酯酶同工酶谱带,嗜卷书虱的酶谱分布比嗜虫书虱广。 相似文献
2.
实验室条件下系统研究了磷化氢(PH3)对储物害虫嗜卷书虱Liposcelis bostrychophila卵、各龄若虫和成虫的致死作用,并选用PH3间歇熏蒸以及PH3与气调交替处理等措施对嗜卷书虱进行处理,比较了不同处理措施对嗜卷书虱种群的控制效果。结果表明,PH3熏蒸处理对嗜卷书虱各虫态有不同的致死效果。对卵而言,24、72和120 h熏蒸处理的LC50分别为0.137、0.045和0.035 mg/L;而24 h熏蒸处理对若虫的LC50在4.285~7.364 μg/L之间,对成虫的LC50为20.404 μg/L;采用25 μg/L的PH3进行24 h熏蒸处理,间隔10 d后再分别进行第2次和第3次熏蒸处理,可以完全控制嗜卷书虱的发生。采用PH3 (12 μg/L)和气调(体积比例为35% CO2,1% O2,64% N2)交替处理能够延缓嗜卷书虱种群抗性的发展,交替处理3~5次可以完全控制嗜卷书虱的发生。 相似文献
3.
几种杀虫剂对嗜虫书虱的触杀作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用滤纸药膜法比较了常用8种杀虫剂对嗜虫书虱Liposcelis entomophila的触杀作用,在药剂的推荐浓度下有机磷类杀虫剂对嗜虫书虱的急性触杀作用强于其它药剂。同时测定了杀螟硫磷、敌敌畏和溴氰菊酯(含增效醚)3种药剂对嗜虫书虱的触杀毒力,其24h内触杀作用的LC_(50)分别为9．3284、2．1440和7．5007μg/cm~2,但杀螟硫磷的LC_(95)为459．4949μg/cm~2,远高于敌敌畏的8．2453μg/cm~2和溴氰菊酯(含增效醚)的14．5274μg/cm~2。此外,48h内敌敌畏等有机磷杀虫剂对嗜虫书虱的毒杀速度较其它供试药剂快。 相似文献
4.
温度、湿度对嗜虫书虱生长发育和繁殖的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
嗜虫书虱以全麦粉及酵母粉作饲料时,其各期发育速率与温度呈逻辑斯蒂曲线关系,世代发育起点和有效积温分别为15.16℃,306.75日度。在20—35℃范围内,世代存活率、种群内禀增长率以及成虫产卵量较高,高低温区均呈下降趋势。理论上29.55℃时周限增长率(λ)最大,达1.0628倍/天。高湿有利于其生长发育和繁殖,湿度低于60％时,各虫态均不能发育存活。结果表明,嗜虫书虱生长发育、繁殖最适温区为28—30℃,最适相对湿度在80％左右。 相似文献
5.
采用药膜法对嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱进行生物测定,从5种杀虫剂对两种书虱的LC50可以看出,嗜卷书虱对两种拟除虫菊酯类药剂较嗜虫书虱敏感,嗜虫书虱对丁硫克百威较为敏感,而对有机磷类药剂的作用两种书虱的敏感性相似。两种书虱体内酸性磷酸酯酶（ACP）和碱性磷酸酯酶（ALP）的活力比较结果表明：嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱体内ACP的比活力为分别14 μmol/mg•30 min和2.2 μmol/mg•30 min,ALP的比活力分别为0.092 μmol/mg•30 min和0.046 μmol/mg•30 min。经方差分析,两种书虱ACP和ALP的比活力之间均存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。动力学参数比较结果显示,两种书虱ACP的V max值之间的差异达到显著水平,而ALP的K m值之间存在显著性差异。离体试验结果表明,5种药剂对磷酸酯酶的作用各不相同,个别药剂在低浓度下表现诱导作用,说明磷酸酯酶在不同外源毒物的解毒代谢过程中所起的作用有所不同。 相似文献
6.
张慧;李月辉;张译匀;陈立娟;汤丛峰;王婧;朱志峰 《农药科学与管理》2025,(1):43-47+56
研究并比较了吡啶酰胺类昆虫生长调节剂氟啶虫酰胺和苯醚类昆虫生长调节剂吡丙醚对意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂和幼虫的毒性效应。研究结果表明,氟啶虫酰胺对成蜂急性经口和接触毒性均为低毒(急性经口48 h-LD50>98.5μg a.i./蜂,急性接触48 h-LD50>100μg a.i./蜂),对蜜蜂幼虫的慢性毒性22 d-ED50值为49.3μg a.i./幼虫,影响蜜蜂羽化的NOED值22.5μg a.i./幼虫;吡丙醚对成蜂急性经口和接触毒性均为低毒(急性经口48 h-LD50=31.4μg a.i./蜂,急性接触48 h-LD50>100μg a.i./蜂,对蜜蜂幼虫的慢性毒性22 d-ED50值为2.91×10-2μg a.i./幼虫,影响蜜蜂羽化的NOED值7.10×10-3μg a.i./幼虫。上述结果表明,氟啶虫酰胺对蜜蜂成蜂和幼虫的影响均低于吡丙醚,对蜜蜂更为安全。 相似文献
7.
嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱体内磷酸酯酶的生化与毒理学特性比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用药膜法对嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱进行生物测定,从5种杀虫剂对两种书虱的LC50可以看出,嗜卷书虱对两种拟除虫菊酯类药剂较嗜虫书虱敏感,嗜虫书虱对丁硫克百威较为敏感,而对有机磷类药剂的作用两种书虱的敏感性相似.两种书虱体内酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)的活力比较结果表明:嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱体内ACP的比活力为分别14μmol/mg·30 min和2.2 μmol/mg·30 min,ALP的比活力分别为0.092μmol/mg·30 min和0.046μmol/mg·30 min.经方差分析,两种书虱ACP和ALP的比活力之间均存在显著性差异(p<0.05).动力学参数比较结果显示,两种书虱ACP的Vmax值之间的差异达到显著水平,而ALP的Km值之间存在显著性差异.离体试验结果表明,5种药剂对磷酸酯酶的作用各不相同,个别药剂在低浓度下表现诱导作用,说明磷酸酯酶在不同外源毒物的解毒代谢过程中所起的作用有所不同. 相似文献
8.
嗜卷书虱Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel是一种发生在储粮环境中的重要害虫,其抗性问题十分突出。在实验室条件下,采用高CO2（35％CO2、21％O2、44％N2）、低O2＋高CO2（35％C02、1％O2、64％N2）、DDVP和PH3等4种不同的处理,对嗜卷书虱连续处理20代,每代处理2次,每次处理保持对成虫死亡率35％的选择压力,得到了4个不同的抗性品系HCO2-R、HCLO-R、DDVP-R和PH3-R,抗性指数分别为3．3、5．2、10．2和4．5。经过对抗性发展趋势的分析,嗜卷书虱对这几种环境胁迫都有一定的抗性潜力。对抗性品系的现实遗传力（h^2）进行分析,其h^2分别为0．388、0．155、0．341和0．594。抗性风险评估结果表明,分别采用高CO2低O2＋高CO2、DDVP和PH,处理,在50％的选择压力下,抗性增加10倍所需的代数分别为62．30、44．17、26．46和38．48代;而在90％的选择压力下,抗性增加lO倍所需的代数分别为28．1l、20．08、11．98和17．39代。因此对于采用气调处理,嗜卷书虱对低O2＋高CO2处理的抗性风险比用高CO2处理大,而采用药剂处理,嗜卷书虱对DDVP的抗性风险要比PH3处理大。 相似文献
9.
《农药科学与管理》2019,(3):58-59
S-烯虫酯属昆虫生长调节剂类杀虫剂。纯品为淡黄色透明液体带有果香味,沸点:320℃,闪点:177℃(闭杯),pH:5.6,饱和蒸气压:0. 4kPa/20℃, 1.08mPa/25℃,辛醇/水分配系数KowlogP 6.7,旋光度[α] 20D +5.7°(丙酮溶剂),折射率:1.462。在水中溶解:79. 1 PPb/20℃,溶解大多数有机溶剂(20±1℃,g/L ),丙酮和己烷〉500,甲醇>450。S-烯虫酯原药质量分数95.0%;外观为黄色至浅褐色液体。20%S-烯虫酯微囊悬浮剂,筛析(通过75μm试验筛)>98%;悬浮率≥85%;自动分散性≥70%。产品的冷、热贮存和常温2年贮存均稳定。 相似文献
10.
为筛选新型环保植物源仓储害虫杀虫剂,采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取8种植物精油,滤纸药膜法、密闭空气熏蒸法测定精油对嗜卷书虱成虫的触杀、熏蒸活性,筛选出高活性植物,并用气相质谱-色谱联用仪（GC-MS）对高活性植物精油进行化学成分的分析和鉴定。结果表明：香青兰、窃衣、啤酒花精油对嗜卷书虱具有较强的触杀活性,LD50分别为157.43、349.34和633.07µg/cm2;香青兰、蒌蒿和窃衣精油对嗜卷书虱具有较好的熏蒸活性,LC50分别为0.20、0.70和1.66 mg/L。香青兰精油经GC-MS分析,检测并鉴定到23个化学成分,相对含量占总含量的84.22%,其主要成分为乙酸香叶酯（16.26%）、丁香酚（13.90%）、香叶醛（13.20%）、草蒿脑（7.89%）、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯（8.55%）以及橙花醛（7.60%）。研究结果表明香青兰精油对嗜卷书虱的生物活性较好,值得进一步研究。 相似文献
11.
Caio P Fernandes Alexandre Xavier João Pedro Furtado Pacheco Marcelo Guerra Santos Rodrigo Mexas Norman A Ratcliffe Marcelo Salabert Gonzalez Cícero Brasileiro Mello Leandro Rocha Denise Feder 《Pest management science》2013,69(2):292-301
BACKGROUND: Studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of Manilkara subsericea extracts and triterpenes on the development of two species of agricultural pest insects, Oncopelus fasciatus and Dysdercus peruvianus. RESULTS: All treatments of insects with M. subsericea extracts induced mortality, delayed development and inhibited moulting. Some extracts assayed (FH, FB and FD in D. peruvianus, and FH, FB and FEA in O. fasciatus) also produced body deformities in the few adults that emerged. Other extracts (FH, FEA, FB, FD and LET in both insects), however, induced either permanent (overaged) or extranumerary nymphs, both of which were unable to achieve the adult stage and reproductive status. The insects were also treated with triterpenes (α‐ and β‐amyrin acetates) which showed high lethality at 30 days after treatment and delayed the intermoult period so that overaged nymphs were detected. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that extracts and triterpenes from Manilkara subsericea act as potent growth inhibitors of phytophagous hemipteran nymphs. It is also concluded that the mixture of several different molecules in the extracts used produces synergic effects that do not occur after using the triterpenes (PFT) alone. These secondary metabolites in the M. subsericea extracts can potentially be used in integrated control programmes against crop pests. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
12.
Insect growth regulators (IGRs) have been proposed as agents for the control of insect pests. These compounds disrupt the normal development of insects by mimicking juvenile hormone and the molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdsyone, or by interfering with chitin synthesis. The effectiveness and selectivity of IGRs provide new tools for integrated pest management. The simultaneous advances in the chemistry of IGRs and the ability to study insect tissues in culture, have led to research on the mode of action of IGRs in vitro. Plodia interpunctella and Spodoptera frugiperda have been used to examine the effects of IGRs on wing imaginal discs in organ culture, as well as in hormonally responsive cell lines established from wing imaginal discs of these species. Our research has focused on the action of ecdysteroid mimics, chitin synthesis inhibitors and juvenile hormone mimics. The effects of the IGRs on chitin synthesis, uptake of amino-sugars, and cellular proliferation were studied in tissue culture. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of using organ cultures and hormonally responsive cell lines for investigating IGRs at the cellular and tissue level. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
13.
The discovery of juvenile hormones (JH) and their synthetic analogs (JHA) generated excitement and hope that these compounds will replace first- and second-generation insecticides that have not so desirable environmental and human safety profiles. However, JHAs used commercially during the past four decades did not meet these expectations. The recent availability of advanced molecular and histological methods and the discovery of key players involved in JH action provided some insights into the functioning of JHA in a stage and species-specific manner. In this review, we will summarize recent findings and stage-specific action of JHA, focusing on three commercially used JHA, methoprene, hydroprene and pyriproxyfen and economically important pests, the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, and disease vector, the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. 相似文献
14.
BACKGROUND: Psocids are emerging pests in stored products, particularly in amylaceous commodities such as grains. Currently, their control is based on the use of fumigants and contact insecticides; however, newer data indicate that psocids are tolerant to insecticides used to control other stored‐grain species. This study evaluated the insecticides registered in the USA for use on stored maize, rice and wheat for control of the psocid species Lepinotus reticulatus, Liposcelis entomophila, L. bostrychophila and L. paeta. Mortality of exposed adult females was recorded after 7 and 14 days of exposure, while progeny production was assessed after 30 days of exposure. RESULTS: On wheat and rice, chlorpyriphos‐methyl + deltamethrin was generally more effective against exposed parental adults than spinosad or pyrethrin, while pirimiphos‐methyl was more effective on maize than spinosad or pyrethrin. In most cases, progeny production was suppressed in the treated grains. Progeny production was consistently lowest on wheat and rice treated with chlorpyriphos‐methyl + deltamethrin and maize treated with pirimiphos‐methyl. CONCLUSIONS: Chlorpyriphos‐methyl + deltamethrin and pirimiphos‐methyl were the most effective insecticides for all species and commodities. Conversely, efficacy of spinosad or pyrethrum was highly dependent on the psocid species and commodity. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Wilson M Moshitzky P Laor E Ghanim M Horowitz AR Morin S 《Pest management science》2007,63(8):761-768
Pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone (JH) mimic, is a biorational insecticide that disrupts insect development. It is one of the principal insecticides being used to control Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on cotton, and has many environmentally positive attributes that make it compatible with integrated pest management (IPM) programs. In Israel, a high level of resistance to pyriproxyfen has been observed in several isolated regions. Here, tests were conducted to establish whether temporal refuges from exposure to pyriproxyfen could be useful for restoring the effectiveness of the compound. Resistance was found to decrease by a factor of 8 when exposure to pyriproxyfen was ceased for 13 generations. Reversal of resistance was accompanied with increased biotic fitness of the revertant colony. By incorporating experimental estimates of nymph survival, sex ratio, fecundity, egg hatching rate and developmental time, the seasonal cost per generation for resistant insects was estimated to be 25%. A genetic simulation model, optimized by empirical data from bioassays, predicted fitness cost per generation of 19% for resistant homozygous (RR) females and hemizygous (R) males, and produced rates of reversal similar to the experimental results. The model also predicted that, even after 5 years ( approximately 55 generations) without pyriproxyfen treatments, the frequency of the resistance allele (R) will still remain high (0.02). It is therefore concluded, on the basis of experimental and modeling results, that the effectiveness of temporal refuges for reversing development of resistance to pyriproxyfen in B. tabaci may be limited. 相似文献
16.
Shouya Naruse Mayuko Ogino Takao Nakagawa Yoko Yasuno Akiya Jouraku Takahiro Shiotsuki Tetsuro Shinada Ken Miura Chieka Minakuchi 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2021,46(1):60
Insect juvenile hormone (JH) mimics (JHMs) are known to have ovicidal effects if applied to adult females or eggs. Here, we examined the effects of exogenous JHMs on embryonic development of the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris. The expression profiles of JH early response genes and JH biosynthetic enzymes indicated that JH titer was low for the first 3 days of the egg stage and increased thereafter. Application of JH III skipped bisepoxide (JHSB3) or JHM on Day 0 eggs when JH titer was low caused reduced hatchability, and the embryos mainly arrested in mid- or late embryonic stage. Application of JHMs on Day 5 eggs also resulted in an arrest, but this was less effective compared with Day 0 treatment. Interestingly, ovicidal activity of synthetic JHMs was much lower than that of JHSB3. This study will contribute to developing novel insecticides that are selective among insect species. 相似文献
17.
BACKGROUND: The psocid Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, is a widespread, significant pest of stored commodities, has developed strong resistance to phosphine, the major grain disinfestant. The aim was to develop effective fumigation protocols to control this resistant pest. RESULTS: Time to population extinction of all life stages (TPE) in days was evaluated at a series of phosphine concentrations and temperatures at two relative humidities. Regression analysis showed that temperature, concentration and relative humidity all contributed significantly to describing TPE (P<0.001, R(2)=0.95), with temperature being the dominant variable, accounting for 74.4% of the variation. Irrespective of phosphine concentration, TPE was longer at lower temperatures and high humidity (70% RH) and shorter at higher temperatures and low humidity (55% RH). At any concentration of phosphine, a combination of higher temperature and lower humidity provides the shortest fumigation period to control resistant L. bostrychophila. For example, 19 and 11 days of fumigation are required at 15 degrees C and 70% RH at 0.1 and 1.0 mg L(-1) of phosphine respectively, whereas only 4 and 2 days are required at 35 degrees C and 55% RH for the same respective concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The developed fumigation protocols will provide industry with flexibility in application of phosphine. 相似文献
18.
Field-collected, prediapause northern strain plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), adults were treated with the juvenile hormone analogue pyriproxyfen to assess effects on reproductive development. Adults of this pest have an obligate winter reproductive diapause and do not reach reproductive maturity until after spring emergence. Topical (1.0 microL) doses of 10, 1.0 and 0.1 microg microL(-1) pyriproxyfen induced oocyte development and reproductive maturation in all treated females as assessed by dissection. There was no increased mortality in treated beetles, and control insects showed no reproductive maturation. Treatment of prediapause males and females with 1.0 microg microL(-1) of topical pyriproxyfen or exposure to residues on fruit induced successful egg laying and F1 emergence; F1 pupation success in topical treatments and residue exposure was 47 and 59% respectively. Filial adults require re-exposure to initiate reproductive development. Treatment protocols with pyriproxyfen will allow researchers to culture the northern strain, instead of relying exclusively on the non-diapausing southern strain. 相似文献
19.
昆虫生长调节剂的开发现状与发展趋势 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文简要地介绍了与环境友好,相容的昆虫生长调节剂包括几丁质抑制剂,保幼激素类似物和蜕皮激素似物的开发现状和发展趋势,昆虫生长调节剂的发展虽缓慢,但前景广阔。 相似文献