共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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<正>杀虫灯及其技术是人们在长期的害虫防治实践中,经过探索、研究,不断改进和发展,逐步形成的目前普遍采用的一种主要害虫物理防治方法,大家认为杀虫灯诱虫效果好,对人畜、环境安全,是害虫综合治理中的一项重要措施,尤其在当今绿色农业和有机农业迅速发展,杀虫灯在害虫防治中的作用愈来愈大。1杀虫灯的发展历程古人很早就认识到昆虫趋光的现象并用于防治害虫。早在唐朝时期,应用灯光诱杀害虫就开始应用。当时人们为了消灭蝗虫,采用了"夜 相似文献
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频振式杀虫灯对蔬菜田害虫的控害效果 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
随着蔬菜种植面积的不断扩大 ,保护地反季节栽培日益普遍 ,复种指数高 ,菜田多样化品种为害虫提供了丰富的寄主和桥梁 ,造成害虫的大发生 ,给害虫的监测和防治增加了难度。据报导 ,频振式杀虫灯是利用害虫的趋光特性 ,选用对害虫有极强引诱作用的光源与波长 ,引诱害虫扑灯 ,并通过高压电网杀死害虫的一种先进实用工具。频振式杀虫灯是采用物理方法防治害虫 ,具有杀虫与害虫监测两用 ,且无环境污染 ,对人畜安全等优点 ,具有广泛的应用前景。为验证频振式杀虫灯对蔬菜害虫的控害效果 ,我们于 2 0 0 1年 8月引进并设置了杀虫灯效果的试验 ,现把… 相似文献
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雷竹Phyllostachys praecox是我国特有的优良笋用竹种, 在南方竹产区经济发展中占据重要地位。随着竹林栽培面积的不断扩大, 竹林生物多样性和生态系统稳定性不断降低, 竹林害虫日益猖獗, 成为制约竹产业发展的重要因素之一。为了有效控制雷竹林害虫, 本试验首次将频振式杀虫灯应用到雷竹林趋光性害虫防治中, 选用6种不同波长的杀虫灯进行试验, 光源分别为365、380、395 nm的3种波长紫外光和420、460、520 nm的3种波长可见光, 明确雷竹林害虫发生情况及规律, 探究雷竹林中频振式杀虫灯的科学使用方法。试验结果表明, 395 nm波长杀虫灯不仅对筛胸梳爪叩甲、沟胸重脊叩甲等鞘翅目害虫和竹卵圆蝽、黑竹缘蝽等半翅目害虫诱杀效果最好, 而且对鳞翅目害虫也有一定的诱杀效果, 综合防治能力较好。365 nm波长杀虫灯对竹林鳞翅目害虫诱杀效果最好, 适用于竹笋夜蛾、竹织叶野螟、二色绿刺蛾等鳞翅目害虫为害严重的竹林。520 nm波长杀虫灯对膜翅目害虫的诱杀效果最好, 同时对半翅目害虫也有一定的诱杀效果, 适用于竹瘿广肩小蜂、刚竹泰广肩小蜂等膜翅目及竹卵圆蝽、黑竹缘蝽等半翅目害虫为害严重的竹林。本研究可为频振式杀虫灯监测防治雷竹林趋光性害虫提供理论依据。 相似文献
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杀虫灯、黄板、性诱剂使用技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《植物医生》2018,(12)
正杀虫灯、黄板和性诱剂常用于害虫的防治,笔者主要介绍它们的使用技术。1杀虫灯使用技术杀虫灯是利用害虫的趋性特性,运用光、波、色、味,配以高压电网诱杀害虫。诱杀害虫种类多、数量大,可降低害虫产卵量,压低虫口基数和密度,保护天敌,减少化学农药的使用量,延缓害虫产生抗药性;对人畜无害,环境污染小,有利于保持生态平衡,是一种生态型防虫方式,而且节 相似文献
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新疆奇台县近42a气候变化特征分析 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
根据新疆奇台县气象站的气温及降水资料,利用线性趋势函数及M ann-kendall突变检测法分析了该地区近42年的气候变化。结果表明:年平均气温与极端最低气温均呈上升趋势,而极端最高气温呈下降趋势;年降水量呈上升趋势。从季节变化来看,除夏季平均气温呈下降趋势,其它各季平均气温均呈上升趋势,其中以冬季增幅最大,秋季次之;各季降水均呈上升趋势,其中以夏季增幅最大,冬季次之。年平均气温未发生突变,而年降水量在1984年发生由少向多的突变。对气温和降水的异常分析得出,暖温年多发生在上世纪80年代后,冷温年多发生在上世纪60、70年代;多雨年主要在近20年,少雨年则多在上世纪60、70年代。此外,该县近42 a来增暖幅度小于全疆和北疆;增湿幅度大于全疆,小于北疆。 相似文献
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综述了我国苜蓿主要病害的分布和危害、病原学、发生规律、抗性种质材料的遗传筛选和鉴定及综合防治等方面的主要研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向和发展目标。 相似文献
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Cees Waalwijk Pieter Kastelein Ineke de Vries Zoltan Kerényi Theo van der Lee Thamara Hesselink Jürgen Köhl Gert Kema 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):743-754
The re-emergence of fusarium head blight throughout the world and especially in Western Europe prompted a survey of the situation in the Netherlands. To allow for a high throughput screening of large numbers of samples, a diagnostic PCR method was developed to detect the most common species of Fusarium occurring on wheat. Seven primer pairs were tested for their ability to identify isolates of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. proliferatum and Microdochium nivale var. majus and M. nivale var. nivale. Each primer pair only generated a PCR product with the corresponding Fusarium species and all PCR fragments had different molecular sizes. This allowed the generation of these amplicons using a mixture of all seven primer pairs. The robustness of this multiplex PCR encouraged us to screen a large series of isolates collected in 2000 and 2001. In both years 40 fields were sampled leading to a collection of 209 isolates from 2000 and 145 isolates from 2001. The results of the multiplex PCR demonstrated that F. graminearum was the most abundant species in the Fusarium complex on wheat in both years. This is in sharp contrast to reports from the 1980s and early 1990s, which found F. culmorum as the predominant species. Primers derived from the tri7 and tri13 genes, which are implicated in the acetylation and oxygenation of the C-4 atom of the backbone of the trichothecene molecule, were used to discriminate between deoxynivalenol and nivalenol (NIV) producers. The populations of F. culmorum and F. graminearum both showed a slight increase in NIV-producers in 2001. 相似文献
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弹状病毒含有单链负义RNA基因组,寄主范围比较广泛,能侵染无脊椎动物、脊椎动物以及植物等寄主,对人类的健康、农作物产量和自然生态系统造成严重威胁。植物弹状病毒主要根据复制场所分为细胞质弹状病毒属Cytorhabdovirus和细胞核弹状病毒属Nucleorhabdovirus,其基因组由单股负链RNA组成。此外,Dichorhavirus和Varicosavirus病毒属是两个新鉴定的植物弹状病毒属,其特征是具有二分体基因组。本文着重介绍危害我国农作物的几类植物弹状病毒,对它们的病理学、病害流行、基因组信息以及传播媒介进行概述,为中国植物弹状病毒病害的研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Variation in pesticide residues in space and time has not been investigated systematically in spite of the large variability found at single scales (e.g. between trees or orchards). Information on variability at different scales will support the development of sampling methods and more reliable prediction of residues. Experiments were conducted to quantify the spatiotemporal variability in initial spray deposit on apple leaves and fruit using a substitute tracer (zinc EDTA chelate). Five hierarchical spatial scales were defined as (1) between orchards, (2) between plots within an orchard, (3) between trees within a plot, (4) between zones within a tree and (5) between leaves/fruit within a zone. Similarly, two temporal scales were defined as (1) between applications within a single year and (2) between years. The initial zinc concentration was approximately log-normally distributed; the variability in initial deposit concentration was greater on leaves than on fruit. The average initial zinc deposition was significantly greater in the top and outside zones than in the middle zones within individual trees. The most important scale for driving residue variability is the within-zone unit-to-unit variation, contributing to 71 and 49% of the observed variability for leaf and fruit samples respectively. Variability at other scales was related to the variation in the tree architecture. The results indicated that stratified sampling on the basis of within-tree zone structures, with the effort focused on within-zone sampling, should be used for the determination of pesticide residues. 相似文献