大家白蚁对几种饵剂的选择性实验

利用对白蚁有引诱作用的几种物质进行不同的配比,对白蚁的食物选择性进行了研究。室内结果表明,在5种配比中TB04的效果最好,其取食率、泥被面积及泥被覆盖率分别达到47.74±4.69、8.06±0.18和89.53±1.96。室外诱集试验表明,TB03、TB04均有较好的效果。温湿度试验表明,大家白蚁的取食的最佳温度为22~27℃,湿度大的条件下的诱集效果明显高于干燥条件下的诱集效果。诱集时间试验表明,随着时间的延长诱集效果逐渐明显,72h诱集数量趋于稳定。     

对进口木材大家白蚁的检疫

对进口木材大家白蚁的检疫叶炳元刘军民（黄埔动植物检疫局５１０７００）１９９５年４月下旬，我们从马来西亚进口的一批原木上截获大家白蚁ＣｏｐｔｏｔｅｒｍｅｓｃｕｒｖｉｇｎａｔｈｕｓＨｏｌｍｇｒｅｎ，这是广州口岸首次截获大家白蚁。我们此次截获的大家白蚁是在...     

引诱技术在白蚁检疫中的应用

本文简要介绍了我国白蚁检疫的现状；食饵引诱剂和信息素引诱剂的种类、性质、特点及作用原理；并对当前白蚁引诱技术的研究情况进行了介绍。     

从马来西亚木材上截获到婆罗乳白蚁

1992年3月29日在检疫进口马来西亚木材时,在空洞内发现白蚁的有翅成虫、短翅成虫、兵蚁、工蚁四类,经鉴定为婆罗乳白蚁 Coptotermes borneensisOshima。1 分布加里曼丹岛和马来西亚沙巴地区。2 兵蚁特征(见图、表)头部深黄色带褐;前唇基白色;上唇色和头部相同;触角和前胸背板淡黄色;     

进口印尼原木中截获的两种白蚁

20 0 0年深圳口岸从进口印尼原木中截获到国内没有分布且尚未报道的两种白蚁 :黄檀新白蚁Ｎｅｏｔｅｒｍｅｓｄａｌｂｅｒｇｉａｅ和齿弓白蚁Ａｍｉｔｅｒｍｅｓｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓ。现将它们识别特征作简要介绍。1　黄檀新白蚁Ｎｅｏｔｅｒｍｅｓｄａｌｂｅｒｇｉａｅ本种属木白蚁科Ｋａｌｏｔｅｒｍｉｔｉｄａｅ新白蚁属Ｎｅｏｔｅｒｍｅｓ,该属兵蚁头部大、长方形 ,头背面往前方渐平坦 ,缺卤 ,上颚粗壮 ,有许多大小不等的缘齿。触角第 3节不特别增大 ;前胸背板平而宽 ,前缘凹入 ;足短 ,腿节粗厚 ,胫节有 3枚端刺 ,尾须不明显 ;本属在品级上…     

从苏里南木材上截获南美乳白蚁

从苏里南木材上截获南美乳白蚁张绍红（张家港动植物检疫局２１５６３３）１９９５年５月２９日我局检疫一批进口的５４５１ｍ３苏里南木材时，截获到南美乳白蚁Ｃｏｐｔｏｔｅｒｍｅｓｔｅｓｔａｃｅｕｓ（Ｌｉｎｎａｅｕｓ），虫蛀率为９．１６％。白蚁发现后，当即用溴...     

黑翅土白蚁引诱材料效果比较及筛选试验

为了防治蚁害,筛选黑翅土白蚁的有效诱捕材料,使用松木块、园林废弃物以及植物枯枝开展野外白蚁诱捕试验。结果显示,松木块的引诱效果较差,不适用于白蚁的野外诱捕;园林废弃物以及植物枯枝均能有效引诱白蚁,前者适合短期采集和监测,后者的长期诱捕效果更好。     

12种植物材料对黄胸散白蚁引诱作用的研究

在白蚁的毒饵里添加白蚁偏好的饵料,可以提高白蚁对毒饵的取食量,提高防效。在实验室条件下,测定了白蚁对12种植物材料的取食情况以及这些植物材料对白蚁的引诱力。结果表明,在相同的试验时间内,白蚁喜食的植物材料为桉树、柏木、杉木、甘蔗;白蚁取食的时间最长的是柏木和甘蔗,为30d;其次是桉树和杉木,为28d;香樟、泡桐、紫檀木、皂角几乎未被取食。     

我国进境木材中白蚁检疫的回顾与展望

随着我国封山育林政策的实施和西部大开发战略的推进,以及家居装璜业的迅速发展,木材进口量逐年递增.据最新统计显示[1],1998年我国从国外进口原木482m3,1999年达到1013万m3,2000年达1361万m3,2001年达1686万m3,2002年超过了2433万m3.     

海南口岸截获大锯白蚁

2006年6月20日，海口检验检疫局从越南进口相思原木中截获到一种新白蚁，标本经广东昆虫研究所平正明研究员鉴定，确定为大锯白蚁（Microcerotermes crassus Snyder）。据悉，该种白蚁为国内首次截获。该种白蚁分布于缅甸，孟加拉，泰国，越南。我国云南（孟连）也有分布。锯白蚁危害多种农作物和林木，还同时危害房屋建筑。我国进口木材检疫中已多次截获锯白蚁。     

农业外来生物入侵种研究现状与发展趋势

目前国际上对外来生物入侵种的研究主要在个体水平上研究外来种对新环境的进化与适应,本地种对生物入侵后发生的进化调整;种群和群落水平上研究外来种的定居、潜伏、竞争和暴发;生态系统水平上研究生境的可入侵性和外来种对生态系统结构和功能的影响等几个方面。风险分析标准化与定量化、检疫鉴定快速化、除害技术安全化、信息管理全球化是全世界对外来物种入侵管理与科研的焦点问题。本文依据外来物种入侵的形成和扩散暴发过程,提出了超前预防和综合管理等未来需要解决的关键问题。     

中国外来入侵物种数据库简介

中国外来入侵物种数据库系统是我国进行生物入侵交流的权威网络信息平台。该系统由中国外来入侵物种数据库系统、中国外来入侵物种地理分布信息系统、外来入侵物种野外数据采集系统、外来入侵物种安全性评价系统、中国主要外来入侵昆虫DNA条形码识别系统和中国重大外来入侵昆虫远程监控系统等6个子系统组成。该系统旨在为从事外来入侵物种研究、检测监测工作的科研机构和职能部门提供科研成果交流、检测监测信息发布、外来入侵物种数据查询和科普教育的综合信息服务平台。     

Antifeedant and toxicity effects of thiophenes from four Echinops species against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus

Over 220 crude extracts from repositories generated from plants native to Greece and Kazakhstan were evaluated for termiticidal activity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Emerging from this screening effort were bioactive extracts from two Greek species (Echinops ritro L. and Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosissimus) and extracts from two Kazakhstan species (Echinops albicaulis Kar. & Kir. and Echinops transiliensis Golosh.). Fractionation and isolation of constituents from the most active extracts from each of the four species has been completed, resulting in the isolation of eight thiophenes possessing varying degrees of termiticidal activity. 2,2':5',2"-Terthiophene and 5'-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene demonstrated 100% mortality against C. formosanus within 9 days at 1 and 2 wt% concentrations respectively. In addition, all but two of the eight compounds tested were significantly different from the solvent controls in the filter paper consumption bioassay.     

The competence of four thrips species to transmit and replicate four tospoviruses

The tospoviruses Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) and Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) are well-known pathogens on tomato in Brazil. The thrips species Frankliniella occidentalis , F. schultzei , Thrips tabaci and T. palmi were studied for their competence to transmit these tospoviruses. Frankliniella occidentalis transmitted all four tospoviruses with different efficiencies. Frankliniella schultzei transmitted TCSV, GRSV and CSNV. Although F. schultzei has been reported as a vector of TSWV, the F. schultzei population in the present study did not transmit the TSWV isolate used. A population of T. tabaci known to transmit Iris yellow spot virus (onion isolate) did not transmit any of the studied tospoviruses, and nor did T. palmi . Replication of these tospoviruses could be demonstrated by ELISA, not only in the thrips species that could transmit them, but also in those that could not. The results strongly suggest that competence to transmit is regulated not only by the initial amount of virus acquired and replication, but also by possible barriers to virus circulation inside the thrip's body.     

Emergence of four weed species in response to rainfall and temperature

The key to achieving effective weed control is to target them when they are young. Understanding their temperature and moisture requirements for emergence will help growers to develop timely control strategies. This study examined the emergence requirements of four key species: Conyza bonariensis, Sonchus oleraceus, Echinochloa colona and Chloris virgata. Two experiments were conducted in a growth room with temperatures of 25/15 and 30/20°C day/night with a photoperiod of 12 h. The first experiment examined emergence under single rainfall events of 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 mm. The second experiment examined emergence under accumulated rainfall events of 0 mm, 5 mm × 2 (consecutive) days, 5 mm × 4 days, 5 mm × 6 days, 10 mm × 1 day, 10 mm × 2 days and 10 mm × 3 days. The temperature was not significant on emergence in both experiments. In the first experiment, at least 10 mm of rainfall was required for the emergence of all the species, with significantly higher germination rates at rainfall amounts of >20 mm. In the second experiment, the species had higher emergence rates with accumulated rainfall over consecutive days, rather than single rainfall events of the same amount. The length of time that the soil surface remained above the permanent wilting point, allowing the imbibition of water, was also an important factor. This study has provided information on the drivers for emergence of these species and will assist growers in determining what rainfall events are likely to trigger emergence in the field and make timely weed management decisions.     

10种杀虫剂对4种蓟马的毒力及对西花蓟马的田间药效评价

蓟马对农作物的危害逐年加重, 为筛选防治蓟马的高效低毒药剂, 采用叶管药膜法测定了10种常用药剂对4种蓟马的室内毒力, 并开展了田间防效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明, 6%乙基多杀菌素SC和10%虫螨腈SC对4种蓟马的毒力相对较高, 25%噻虫嗪WG和5%甲维盐EC的毒力较低, 西花蓟马和瓜蓟马对10种药剂的敏感性低于花蓟马和烟蓟马。田间药效结果表明, 25%噻虫嗪WG、10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺SC和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC对西花蓟马的防效较高, 药后7 d药效最高达到90%以上。综合室内毒力和田间药效试验结果, 推荐4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC和10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺SC为防治蓟马的首选药剂, 可与25%噻虫嗪WG、48%多杀霉素SC、1.8%阿维菌素EC和10%吡丙醚SC等药剂轮换使用。     

Longevity of seeds of four annual grass and two dicotyledon weed species as related to placement in the soil and straw disposal technique

Persistence of seeds of the four winter annual grass species, Alopecurus myosuroides , Bromus sterilis , Bromus hordeaceus and Vulpia myuros , were studied under field conditions. The studies also included the two dicotyledon species, Tripleurospermum inodorum and Galium aparine . Seed samples were stored in the field at different depths in the plough layer for a year. Following germination, seedling emergence was taken as an indicator of field persistence. In a supplementary investigation, seed samples were placed on the soil surface or buried at 2 cm for a month and then tested for viability. Persistence of the two Bromus species was very short, irrespective of depth and duration of burial. Persistence of the other species was positively correlated with incorporation of seeds to a few centimetres depth. Increasing the depth of incorporation below 2 cm had a variable influence on persistence. Persistence of seeds placed directly on the soil surface was short, whether they were left there for a year or a month. Whether seeds at the soil surface were left uncovered or covered with chopped straw had limited influence on seed persistence. However, straw cover significantly increased persistence of A. myosuroides seeds and there was the same tendency with T. inodorum .     

Response of two lacewing species to biorational and broad-spectrum insecticides

Green lacewings, includingChrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) andCeraeochrysa cubana (Hagen), are predators of small, soft-bodied insects including whiteflies. The silverleaf whitefly,Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring [formerlyB. tabaci (Gennadius) strain B], is an important pest of agronomic, vegetable and ornamental crops. Practical use of these lacewings as biological control agents would be facilitated by better understanding of their responses to both biorational (selective) and broad-spectrum insecticides. The topical and residual toxicity of azadirachtin (Azatin-EC^TM), insecticidal soap (M-Pede^TM), paraffinic oil (Sunspray Ultra-Fine Spray Oil^TM) and the pyrethroid bifenthrin (Brigade^TM) to eggs, larvae and adults of the lacewings were studied in the laboratory. Larvae ofC. cubana were much more tolerant to residues of bifenthrin than wasC. rufilabris and were somewhat more tolerant to topically applied soap. At normal field concentrations, azadirachtin (0.005%, by wt a.i.), paraffinic oil (1.0% by volume) and soap (1.0% by volume) were not toxic to larvae or adults of either species either topically or residually. Oil was toxic topically to eggs but azadirachtin and soap were not. Bifenthrin was toxic topically and residually to larvae and adults but was not so toxic to eggs as was oil. Thus, selectivity of all materials tested was relative to lacewing species and lifestage. The relative tolerance to insecticide residues exhibited byC. cubana larvae may be related to its trash-carrying habit, suggesting that use of trash-carrying chrysopids in place of non-trash carriers for augmentative biological control would increase options for non-disruptive chemical intervention when necessary.     

Acute toxicity to zebrafish of two organophosphates and four pyrethroids and their binary mixtures

BACKGROUND: Environmental pollutants, including metals, pesticides and other organics, pose serious risks to many aquatic organisms. The acute toxicities to zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio Hamilton & Buchanan) were determined for two organophosphorus insecticides, four pyrethroid insecticides and 50:50 binary mixtures. RESULTS: At 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after treatment, LC₅₀ of permethrin, tetramethrin, bifenthrin, etofenprox, dichlorvos and phoxim to zebrafish were 0.0052–0.0025, 0.0782–0.0460, 0.0065–0.0032, 0.0969–0.0791, 51.3–13.0 and 1.28–0.469 mg L^?1 respectively. LC₅₀ of permethrin + dichlorvos, permethrin + phoxim, tetramethrin + dichlorvos, tetramethrin + phoxim, bifenthrin + dichlorvos, bifenthrin + phoxim, etofenprox + dichlorvos and etofenprox + phoxim were 0.0082–0.0046, 0.0078–0.0042, 0.264–0.124, 0.141–0.121, 0.0251–0.0154, 0.0154–0.0087, 0.396–0.217 and 0.213–0.0391 mg L^?1. CONCLUSION: Toxicity levels of all pyrethroid insecticides to the zebrafish were high or very high. The organophosphate dichlorvos showed low toxicity, but phoxim showed high or intermediate toxicities to zebrafish, and the toxicities of binary mixtures of permethrin and dichlorvos or phoxim, bifenthrin and dichlorvos or phoxim and etofenprox and phoxim (48, 72 and 96 h exposure) were very high. The toxicities of binary mixtures of tetramethrin and dichlorvos or phoxim, etofenprox and dichlorvos and etofenprox and phoxim (24 h exposure) were high. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

甘薯不同品种对两种入侵杂草的竞争作用和化感作用

本研究通过盆栽试验和生物测定试验,分别研究了9个不同农艺性状的甘薯品种对三叶鬼针草Bidens pilosa和粗毛牛膝菊Galinsoga quadriradiata的竞争作用和化感作用。结果表明,‘烟薯25’‘宁薯10号’和‘西瓜红普薯’等6个品种的竞争平衡指数(CBa)大于0,其中‘宁薯10号’的竞争优势最强,对三叶鬼针草的株高和根长的抑制率分别为62.29%和63.31%;生物测定中仅有‘17234’和‘宁薯10号’两个品种表现出明显的化感作用,其中‘17234’的化感作用指数(AI)最大,对粗毛牛膝菊的株高和根长的抑制率分别为74.32%和82.58%。结合甘薯品种的竞争作用与化感作用进行聚类分析和综合评价,‘宁薯10号’的CBa和AI分别达0.74和0.63以上,为竞争作用和化感作用均较强的抗(耐)性品种;‘烟薯25’虽然对两种入侵杂草的CBa分别达到0.85和0.70,但其AI＜0.1,表现为具有竞争优势的非化感品种;尽管‘17234’的CBa＜0,但其AI＞0.67,说明其为强化感作用的品种。结果表明,甘薯对入侵杂草的抗(耐)性决定于其自身的竞争作用、化感作用或两者的共同作用。这为进一步利用甘薯不同品种对入侵杂草的种间关系实施替代控制提供了科学基础。