引入陕西的天山马鹿产茸性能分析

对引入陕西的87头天山公马鹿的产茸资料进行统计分析。结果表明天山马鹿年平均产茸量5.56±1.98 kg。各锯龄平均产茸量由0.98±0.72 kg(1锯)到6.53±2.58 kg(10锯)不等。     

东北梅花鹿产茸量与年龄间的相关分析

1.前言养鹿生产实践已经证明随着鹿龄的增长产茸量逐年递增,然而按什么规律递增说法不一,归结起来有两类。a.按百分比计算递增量,1988年以前资料多以此方法来表示。b.用产茸量(y)同锯次(t)直线回归方程来表示,即产茸量y=a+bt的直线规律上升。以上两种方法都不能揭示产茸量同鹿龄之间的确切关系。用百分比递增率表示,比较粗糙,缺乏科学性;用直线     

西丰梅花鹿种公鹿茸重性状表型参数的统计分析

对西丰梅花鹿种公鹿茸重性状表型参数的统计分析 ,结果表明 ,生茸佳期为 3～ 8锯 ,生茸最佳年龄为 6锯 ,达 (5 0 2± 1 46)kg ,6锯的产茸量极显著高于 1～ 5锯的产茸量(P <0 0 1 ) ;1～ 6锯的种公鹿鲜茸重与年龄呈强正相关 (r =0 833,P <0 0 1 ) ,其线性回归方程为 y=1 350 +0 679x ;各锯别与产茸量间相关系数统计及显著性检验结果为 :1与 2锯 ,2与 3,4,5,6锯 ,3与 4,5,6锯 ,4与 6,7锯间呈极显著正相关 (P <0 0 1 ) ,其余各锯相关不显著(P >0 0 5)。此统计结果为早期选种、制定生产计划和任务、产茸量标准及是否符合种用性能提供了科学依据。     

南方梅花鹿年龄及鹿茸形态对产茸量的影响

运用SAS和SPSS11.5软件对127只梅花鹿500个产茸数据进行统计。分析年龄、鹿茸形态对南方梅花鹿产茸量的影响以及各年龄段产茸量之间的相关性。结果表明,年龄对梅花鹿鹿茸产量的影响很大,在一定范围内,鹿茸产量会随年龄(锯次)的递增而上升,峰值出现在第8锯,以后产量逐渐下降。不同年龄鹿茸产量之间也呈现极显著相关性,特别是第1锯对以后各年龄的产量影响十分显著。此外,三种形态的鹿茸与鹿茸产量间呈现极显著相关,表现为三杈茸二杠茸毛桃。     

梅花鹿优良品种(品系)产茸性能研究

对我国双阳、长白山、西丰梅花鹿品种 (品系 )的产茸性能进行了测定。结果表明 :双阳、长白山、西丰的头锯头茬鲜茸产量双阳 >西丰 >长白山 ,2锯头茬鲜茸产量西丰 >双阳 >长白山 ;西丰 3锯时、双阳 4锯时、长白山 5锯时头茬鲜茸产量达到 30 0 0g以上 ,进入高产期 ;双阳 6锯时、西丰 7锯时、长白山 8和 9锯时达到产茸高峰 ;双阳具有经济早熟性 ,长白山具有高产期长而持久的特点 ;西丰、长白山、双阳的群体鲜茸平均单产分别为 2 895g、316 0g、32 0 5g;三者是我国人工培育的梅花鹿品种 (品系 )群 ,均具有优良的产茸性能。     

茸鹿的配种、妊娠与分娩

1配种准备工作 首先,应根据历年的产茸情况、种用能力及育种方向选择好种公鹿,年龄3~7锯、精力充沛、性欲旺盛、精液品质好、产茸量高的作种公鹿。要求产茸量为梅花鹿锯标准三杈茸鲜重单产在3.5千克以上、马鹿为5.5千克（三杈）或7.5千克（四杈）以上。     

茸鹿配种的技术要点

<正>1配种准备工作首先,应根据历年的产茸情况、种用能力及育种方向选择好种公鹿,年龄3~7锯、精力充沛、性欲旺盛、精液品质好、产茸量高的作种公鹿。要求产茸量为梅花鹿锯标准三杈,茸鲜重单产在3.5千克以上。并从7月中旬后加强种公鹿的饲养。对繁殖母鹿应与8月中旬断乳,并按年龄、体况及育种规划组     

仔公鹿的初锯方法与初角茸产量的比较

近年来 ,随着养鹿技术的不断提高 ,技术人员对仔公鹿的初角茸的初锯方法 (俗称破毛桃 )一直处于摸索阶段 ,怎样的方法才能提高仔公鹿的初角茸产量 ,笔者谈一下自己的看法。1　初锯方法的类型1.1　平茬法　目前 ,平茬法是应用最广泛也是使用时间最长的一种方法 ,即从茸与角基处平着锯下 ,只留下 0 .5厘米左右的茸 ,以保护角基 (俗称草桩 ) ,这种方法的好处有几点 :一是不伤基茸对保护仔公鹿的角基有利 ,二是不产生畸形 ,对下一桩的产茸有利。1.2　划“十字”法　这是近几年塔里木团场鹿场采用的方法 ,即在茸长出 2～ 3厘米后 ,从茸顶部用小刀…     

阿勒泰马鹿亚种种质特性分析

阿勒泰马鹿是我国马鹿中的一个优良亚种，本研究对阿勒泰马鹿和栖息地及生境选择、相对数量及食性、阿勒泰马鹿亚种的特征及体尺衡量、产茸力、繁殖力等进行了调查分析。阿勒泰马鹿体尺都高于天山马鹿和东北马鹿，公鹿肩高平均141．19cm；产茸量高于东北马鹿76.26％,高于天山马鹿63.94％，差异极显著（P＜0．01），因此利用阿勒泰马鹿优良种质改良我国马鹿是非常可观的。     

塔里木马鹿茸重性状遗传力重复力及育种值的估测

研究采用同父异母半同胞组内相关法和组内相关系数法,分别对祁连山野生动物保护中心5头塔里木马鹿种公鹿6锯三杈鲜茸重遗传力和育种值,以及9头塔里木马鹿3~9锯三杈鲜茸重的重复力进行了估测。结果表明,其遗传力为0.42,重复力为0.67(P<0.01),5头塔里木马鹿产茸量育种值等级为A128>A27>A152>A63>A77。由此说明,塔里木马鹿茸重为高遗传力和高重复力(P<0.01)性状,祁连山野生动物保护中心引入的27号和128号种公鹿种用价值较高,可以扩大使用。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …