三北防护林地区天牛发生危害特点及防治对策

本文在分析三北防护林地区光肩星天牛Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ（Ｍｏｔｓｃｈ．）和黄斑星天牛Ａ．ｎｏｂｉｌｉｓＧａｎｇｌｂａｕｅｒ发生、危害、扩散特点的基础上，根据分类指导的原则，提出了不同类型区的防治对策。     

利用管氏肿腿蜂和诱饵植物控制天牛的试验

2009-2010年进行了利用管氏肿腿蜂Scleroderma guani和诱饵植物控制天牛的林间试验.结果表明,释放管氏肿腿蜂防治柳树上星天牛和光肩星天牛,2009年受害株率下降38.69％,而2010年却上升4.1％.在种植复叶槭引诱光肩星天牛和星天牛保护柳树的试验中,2a中复叶槭平均诱虫数为2.9头/株,受害株率呈现先降后升的趋势,2009年柳树受害株率从37.14％降低到28.00％,但2010年柳树株受害率反而上升至67.00％.在种植构树引诱桑天牛保护西府海棠的试验中,构树平均诱虫数为37.9头/株,2009年和2010年西府海棠的受害株率分别为71.04％和93.60％.在种植白蜡树引诱云斑天牛保护柳树的试验中,白蜡诱集的云斑天牛成虫数平均为55头/株,柳树的受害株率从43％下降至30％.比较经药剂处理和人工捕捉的诱饵植物诱集的天牛数量,喷施高效氯氰菊酯微胶囊剂后诱饵植物所诱集的天牛成虫数量明显少于人工捕捉到的数量,但药剂处理仍不失为一种可行的处理方法.     

三北防护林地区天牛发生危害特点及防治对策

本文在分析三北防护林地区光肩星天牛Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｒａ ｇｌａｂｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ（Ｍｏｔｓｃｈ．）和黄斑星天年Ａ．ｎｏｂｉｌｉｓ Ｇａｎｇｌｂａｕｅｒ发生，危害，扩散特点的基础上，根据分类指导的原则，提出了不同类型区的防治对策。     

十种农药防治光肩星天牛的药效分析

十种农药防治光肩星天牛的药效分析＊梁成杰李国宏李广武高瑞桐关键词光肩星天牛快杀敌功夫灭扫利来福灵久效磷农药防治药效分析光肩星天牛（ＡｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓＭｏｔｓｃｈ．）是一种危害多种杨树（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｓｐｐ．）的严重蛀干害虫...     

以杨树抗虫品种为主综合防治光肩星天牛技术的研究

以杨树抗虫品种为主综合防治光肩星天牛技术的研究＊秦锡祥高瑞桐李吉震曹桂洪陈维培关键词杨树抗虫品种、综合防治、光肩星天牛光肩星天牛［Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ（Ｍｏｔｓｃｈ）］是杨树（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｓｐｐ．）重要的蛀干害虫，造成木材...     

光肩星天牛对干旱胁迫下复叶槭挥发物的嗅觉反应

对干旱胁迫下3a生复叶槭的挥发物进行了鉴定。当复叶槭受到干旱胁迫时，9种化合物释放量升高(包括：丁醇、戊醇、反—2—己烯—1—醛、顺—3—己烯—1—醇、戊醛、戊酸、己醛、己酸、苯乙酮)，而长叶烯释放量降低：复叶槭复水后苯乙酮升高，但其他挥发物释放量降低。通过GC—EAD检测了光肩星天牛对其中某些化合物的触角电位反应，并使用诱捕器和人工合成单体进行了田间生测实验。丁醇、戊醇和顺—3—己烯—1—醇能引起光肩星天牛的触角反应，这一结果在田间实验中得到了证实。这表明干旱胁迫在光肩星天牛选择寄主植物方面起着重要作用。     

增效剂对球孢白僵菌产孢量及对光肩星天牛致死速率的影响

在应用昆虫病原菌防治光肩星天牛（Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａ ｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓＭｏｔｓｃｈ）的试验中，筛选出一种增效剂，可使病原菌的产孢量增加，光肩星天牛的致死速率加快。在生产病原菌的培养基内加入０．０２％的增效剂培养５天，产孢量比对照增加一倍多。在含孢量１０＾８／ｍｌ的球孢白僵菌的菌悬液中加入０．０２％的增效剂，以每头光肩星天牛幼虫接种１ｍｌ菌悬液，使光肩星天牛幼虫第６天开始发病，第１６天死亡     

利用苦楝树诱杀木麻黄星天牛成虫的可行性研究——木麻黄防护林主要虫害控制技术研究之一

通过大量野外调查、室内外饲养、造林试验和化学成分分析,认为苦楝树（Ｍｅｌｉａａｚｅｄａｒａｃｈ）是星天牛（Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｆｏｒｓｔｅｒ））成虫最喜欢取食的补充营养植物,有强烈的诱集作用。以苦楝树做诱饵树集中诱杀沿海木麻黄（Ｃａｓｕａｒｉａｓｐｐ．）防护林星天牛是一种很有前途、可行性强的防治方法。     

利用苦楝树诱杀木麻黄星天牛成虫的可行性研究——木麻黄防护林主要？…

通过大量野外调查,室内外饲养,造林试验和化学成分分析,认为苦楝树（Ｍｅｌｉａａｚｅｄａｒａｃｈ）是星天牛（Ａｎｏｐｏｌｐｈｏｒａｃｈｉｎｅｉｎｓｉｓ（Ｆｏｒｓｔｅｒ）成虫最喜欢取食的补充营养植物,有强烈的诱集作用,以苦楝树做诱饵树集中的诱杀沿海木麻黄（Ｃａｓｕａｒｉａｓｐｐ．）防护林星天牛是一种很有前途,可行性强的防治方法。     

栽植苦楝隔离带和糖槭诱饵树防治光肩星天牛试验

经过三年试验结果证明:苦楝Melia azedarach Linn.对光肩星天牛Ano-plophora glabripennis M.有很强抗性,不能作为寄主;糖槭Acer negundo L.是光肩星天牛的喜食寄主,对成虫有较强的诱集作用。用苦楝和糖槭作为杨树林的搭配树种,在新造杨树林的边行,栽植苦楝隔离带或糖槭诱饵树,改变杨树纯林树种结构,可以显著提高杨树林分对光肩星天牛的自然控制能力,使危害程度减轻60—70％,起到明显的防治作用。     

霞浦县松墨天牛诱捕效果及综合防控研究

2014—2015年在霞浦县松城街道马尾松纯林内101~200m、201~300m和301~400m~3个不同海拔高度分别设置4个APF-I型松墨天牛引诱剂和相同的配套诱捕器诱捕松墨天牛,通过2014年和2015年不同海拔高度的诱虫数量,分析霞浦县内松墨天牛诱捕器的诱捕效果和设置适宜海拔高度。结果表明:2014年设置在海拔高度101~200m和201~300m的松墨天牛诱捕器诱捕效果极显著(P0.01)高于设置在海拔高度301~400m的诱捕器;2015年设置在201~300m之间的松墨天牛诱捕器诱捕效果显著(P0.05)高于设置在海拔高度101~200m和301~400m的诱捕器。霞浦县松墨天牛诱捕器挂设最佳海拔在201~300m之间。     

M-99引诱剂有效引诱范围及余杭区松褐天牛成虫发生规律

通过试验确定，M—99引诱剂引诱松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope成虫的有效距离为70m，引诱有效范围为1．5hm^2；用不同色泽的油漆在天牛成虫鞘翅背上做标记是成功可行的；从饲养笼内收集的松褐天牛成虫做好油漆标记，在室内饲养到第2天傍晚进行林间放飞的诱捕回收效果最好，其40、60、70m的总回收率为43．79％，60m处的回收率达70％；余杭区松褐天牛成虫发生始见期在5月初，终见期在9月底，5月下旬至8月中旬为盛期，是防治松褐天牛成虫的最佳时期。     

兴安落叶松鞘蛾性引诱剂应用技术研究

利用100 ugZ5-10：OH性引诱剂对净月林区兴安落叶松鞘蛾进行引诱试验,结果表明：该性引诱剂对兴安落叶松鞘蛾雄蛾的引诱效果明显,树冠上层诱捕器的诱虫量明显高于树冠中、下层;诱虫量随林分虫口密度的增加而降低。利用性引诱剂可有效监测和防治落叶松鞘蛾。     

利用挂鸟巢招引益鸟防治森林食叶害虫试验

通过对不同的鸟巢类型、在不同坡位悬挂鸟巢招引益鸟防治食叶害虫试验,结果表明:对于大山雀式、寒鸦式,鸟巢悬挂2个.hm-2招引率高,选择在阳坡及阳缓坡,树高4～6 m处悬挂鸟巢效果最佳。间伐地块,翌年鸟巢随即挂上,可提高招引率,降低虫口密度。通过悬挂鸟巢有效地控制了落叶松人工林内食叶害虫的危害。     

乡土引鸟植物铁冬青Ilex rotunda在华南地区的生态景观营造初探

铁冬青Ilex rotunda是华南和华中地区优良红色类观果植物。据调查其能有效吸引17种具有生态价值的野生鸟类。结合铁冬青花期吸引传粉昆虫及果期引鸟的效果,通过孤植、列植、群植模式,将其与25种其他引鸟植物合理配置,进行园林景观营造、声景观构建与鸟类栖息地水景营造。结果表明铁冬青是优良的乡土引鸟植物,在生态引鸟的同时,丰富了植物景观群落,增强了景观的空间层次,营造了支撑复杂食物链的动植物栖息地。     

Direct seeding of native trees and shrubs in low rainfall areas and on non-wetting sands in South Australia

Seeds of common endemic species of Acacia, Callitris, Eucalyptus and Melaleuca were sown at 12 sites in Southern Australia in 1994 and 1995 to determine the role of soil stabilisers, fertilisers, time of seeding, herbicides, ripping and soil preparation with a V-blade or a disc in improving the reliability of direct seeding in Mediterranean type climates with low rainfall. Rainfall in 1994 was below average with 140 mm at the northern sites (55% of the average) and 300 mm at the southern sites (74% of the average) and only Acacia was successful with at least 3 plants/10 m present at the end of spring at eight sites and a survival rate after the first summer of 43%. In 1995 at least 3 plants/10 m of Acacia and Eucalyptus spp. were present at the end of spring at eight sites, with at least 3 plants/10 m of Melaleuca at six sites and at least 3 plants/10 m of Callitris at only three sites. Melaleuca had the highest overall survival rate at the end of summer with 52% compared to Acacia 42%, Eucalyptus 41% and Callitris 29%. Sowing two to three weeks after the opening rains (May at most sites) with good weed control gave the best results. Plant survival over the summer was reduced by 40% where weeds were not controlled by a herbicide. Ripping or fertiliser did not improve success. Ground preparation with an 80 cm wide V-blade generally produced better results than using a 25 cm wide disc except for Melaleuca. The effect of bitumen was variable in the trials, but appeared to be beneficial on wind eroded sites. The results indicate that direct seeding of trees and shrubs can be carried out in Mediterranean type climates with 250 to 425 mm average annual rainfall including on soils that are water repellent. This technology could be used for large scale revegetation in areas of the world with low rainfall Mediterranean type climates that have been largely denuded of trees and shrubs. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Influence of local stand basal area on density and growth of regeneration in uneven‐aged Picea abies stands

In single‐tree selection, trees removed by harvest or lost through mortality are replaced by ingrowth from the seedling/sapling bank. Because the level of ingrowth is governed not only by the recruitment rate of new seedlings, but also by mortality and growth rates within the seedling/sapling stratum, knowledge of how these processes are related to the tree stratum is important for successful application of single‐tree selection. Therefore, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) regeneration (0.1 m ≤ height ≤ 2.0 m) was measured on seventy 100 m² circular subplots at each of two sites in central and northern Sweden. Both sites had previously been selectively logged, but the time elapsed since the last harvest was at least 30 yrs. Basal area of trees of at least 2 m height within three different radii from the subplot centres was measured. Measurements on regeneration included height and leader length. Influence of local stand basal area on density and growth of regeneration was analysed by ordinary least‐squares linear regression for each of four height intervals. Regeneration was significantly aggregated at both sites, but number of Norway spruce seedlings and saplings per circular subplot was not correlated to local stand basal area. Out of 36 regressions, only eight showed a significantly (p < 0.05) negative correlation between seedling and sapling height growth and local stand basal area. In five of these cases, removal of one point (subplot) made p > 0.05. The results suggest that density and growth of Norway spruce regeneration in selectively logged uneven‐aged Norway spruce stands is affected more by ground conditions than by local stand basal area.     

几种诱杀松墨天牛方法的效果比较及评价

利用３种方法诱杀松墨天牛成虫的试验结果表明,松饵木能引诱到补充营养的松墨天牛成虫,且雌成虫能在松饵木上产卵,引诱剂对引诱怀卵的松墨天牛成虫的效果较好。引诱剂和松饵木使用方便、安全,成本较低,大面积应用可降低松墨天牛种群密度,减少松材线虫传播机会。但单独使用达不到防治松材线虫病的目标。灯光诱杀远不如引诱剂和松饵木,且其成本高,安全性差,用于松墨天牛防治不宜提倡。利用引诱剂和松饵木在监测松墨天牛及松材     

混合絮凝剂处理中纤板厂木片水洗废水的研究

对中密度纤维板厂木片水洗废水处理方案进行研究:混合絮凝剂的成分和最佳投放量经研究确定为15 g/m3聚合氯化铝和1 g/m3聚丙烯酰胺,对木片质量也不会有较大损害;确定最佳处理水量占总水量的比例为15%,既能使废水水质得到改善,而且处理成本为最小,达到资源回收利用的目的。     

Planted forests: poplars

Poplars (Populus spp.) have been planted in Europe and Asia since very early times. Known in the Near East as the blessed tree, poplars have been the primary timber producer in regions lacking natural forests in the northern hemisphere. Now, though, we are seeing poplar plantations becoming part of the forest resources even in the abundantly forested Pacific Northwest. Though still a minor contributor to the world's timber supply, the area of land planted to poplars is, nevertheless, increasing rapidly, particularly in China, South Korea, and the United States. The 1992 report from the International Poplar Commission listed nineteen countries with at least 10,000 ha of planted poplars and seven with more than 100,000 ha. Much of the success of poplar plantations results from the breeding of fast-growing and disease-resistant poplar hybrids. Accordingly, at least eleven countries support poplar breeding programs. Uses of poplar wood range from peeled poles for rafters and other elements of construction in agrarian economies to the manufacture of paper, plywood, oriented strand board, and engineered lumber in industrial nations. Interest has also developed in poplar plantations as a renewable source of energy.