种公牛微量元素营养状况对精液品质的影响

为了查找种公牛精液品质下降的原因并探讨精液品质与微量元素的关系,试验测定了种公牛基础日粮及血液、被毛、精液中锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铬(Cr)5种微量元素含量。结果表明:饲料中Zn、Cu含量明显低于美国NRC推荐标准,Fe、Mn、Cr三种元素能满足种公牛的营养需要;精液品质正常牛及异常牛血液、被毛、精液中Fe、Mn、Cr差异不显著(P>0.05),被毛、血液中Zn、Cu两种元素含量差异显著(P<0.05),精液中Zn元素含量差异极显著(P<0.01)、Cu元素含量差异显著(P<0.05)。     

部分微量元素对种用家畜精液品质影响的研究进展

精液产量与质量是衡量种公畜品质优劣最重要的指标,也是影响其遗传潜能发挥的重要因素,因此提高种公畜精液品质意义重大。研究发现,日粮中添加钙、锌、铁、硒、铜等微量元素能够影响种公畜精液品质。本文针对影响种公畜精液品质的微量元素锌、硒、铜相关研究进展作一综述,为找出微量元素与精液品质之间的关系提供理论参考依据。     

微量元素对青年公牛精液品质的影响

通过测定青年公牛基础日粮中锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铬(Cr)等5种微量元素含量,发现青年公牛日粮中Zn、Cu两元素含量不足。以新引进的8头青年公牛为研究对象,随机分为两组进行补饲Zn、Cu的饲养试验。结果表明:同组织中试验组牛毛、血液、精液中Zn、Cu含量显著提高,差异极显著(P0.01);而Fe、Mn、Cr差异不显著(P0.05)。试验组精液品质显著提高,精子密度、原精活力、冻精活力差异显著(P0.05),但射精量、精子畸形率差异不显著(P0.05)。     

锌对黑白花种公牛精液品质及某些生化指标的影响

锌对黑白花种公牛精液品质及某些生化指标的影响莱阳农学院动科系李文立任慧英南京农业大学陆治年锌作为种公牛营养中一种重要的必需微量元素参与机体内几乎所有的物质代谢过程，对种公牛的繁殖性能影响很大。早在１９２１年，人们就发现锌和雄性动物的生殖机能有关。近年...     

微量元素硒、锌及β-胡萝卜素、维生素E对公牛精液品质的影响

奶牛育种在奶牛养殖提升过程中的贡献率达到40%,因此怎样提高种公牛精液品质受到了越来越广泛的关注。公牛精液品质受很多因素的影响,本文简要介绍了微量元素硒、锌、β-胡萝卜素及维生素E含量的变化对公牛精液品质的影响。     

年龄和品种对种公牛精液品质的影响

以荷斯坦、西门塔尔、利木赞和夏洛莱种公牛为实验动物,研究年龄、品种对精液品质的影响.结果表明:年龄对公牛精液品质有显著影响,小于3岁的种公牛精液品质不高,3～5和6～8岁的种公牛精液品质比较好.品种对肉用种公牛精液品质有显著影响,利木赞种公牛精液品质较好,夏洛来种公牛与西门塔尔种公牛之间无显著差异.     

种公猪精液品质与微量元素关系研究

对１４头种公猪精液品质下降原因进行了７种微量元素的检测分析，结果表明，检测组精液中Ｚｎ，Ｓｅ、Ｃｏ三种元素含量分别比对照组少４０．４％，５１．２％和３１．６％，两组比较差异达极显著水平和显著水平。Ａ组鬃毛中Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｃｏ三种微量元素含量分别比Ｂ组少４３．３％、４８．６％和２６％。其他４种微量元素含量差异不显著。结果还表明，种公猪精液品质下降与Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｃｏ三种微量元素含量偏低有直接关系。     

不同季节与品种对种公牛精液品质的影响

试验旨在通过对新疆地区安格斯、和牛、利木赞、夏洛来和西门塔尔5个品种种公牛全年精液品质分析,探究不同季节与品种对种公牛精液品质的影响,为冻精生产提供理论依据。选择3～5岁的5个品种的种公牛106头,收集其2018—2019年采精量、原精活力和原精密度共2 211条数据,使用SAS 9.2软件进行分析。结果表明:季节及品种对种公牛精液品质均有极显著影响,其中夏洛来种公牛采精量高于和牛、利木赞及西门塔尔(P<0.01),利木赞种公牛的原精活力高于安格斯、夏洛来(P<0.01),和牛的原精密度高于安格斯和夏洛来(P<0.01);春季的采精量、原精活力及原精密度均高于其他季节(P<0.05或P<0.01)。综上,就新疆地区种公牛精液品质而言,利木赞、夏洛来和西门塔尔种公牛的精液品质相对好于其他品种;春、秋两季种公牛的精液品质较好,建议将精液采集的工作集中在春、秋两季。     

影响种公牛精液品质因素分析

在人工授精技术发达的当今时代,种公牛精液品质的优劣可直接决定奶牛生产性能和养殖场经济效益的好坏,尤其在规模化养牛场更是如此。为此,本文从种公牛的品种、年龄、营养、季节、温度、湿度、光照、环境噪音、疾病、药物和精液采集等方面对影响种公牛精液品质的因素进行了分析和总结,以期为种公牛精液品质的管理和提升提供理论依据。     

种公牛选种及饲养管理的要点

种公牛营养水平的高低直接影响着生产能力的发挥。营养是种公牛维持生命和提高生产力的物质基础,能量、蛋白质、矿物质、微量元素、维生素等失衡和不足都会影响精液品质与产量,冬天过冷、夏天     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …