奶牛TLR2基因EcoRⅤ酶切多态性与体细胞评分的关联分析

利用PCR-RFLP技术对中国荷斯坦奶牛、三河牛和中国西门塔尔牛3个奶牛品种207头个体的TLR2基因进行多态性分析。结果表明:3个奶牛群体的扩增片段为448bp,PCR产物经限制性内切酶EcoRⅤ酶切后均表现出中度多态,其中中国西门塔尔牛PIC为最高,且3个奶牛品种在该基因座位均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。最小二乘值表明:该酶切多态位点对3个奶牛品种SCS的影响达到了显著水平(P<0.05),且BB基因型个体的SCS显著低于AA和AB基因型个体(P<0.05),说明BB基因型为抗乳房炎的有利基因型。     

奶牛TLR2基因遗传变异与乳房炎体细胞评分的相关研究

选用中国荷斯坦奶牛、三河牛和中国西门塔尔牛共207头奶牛为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP和创造酶切位点RFLP（CRS-RFLP）技术对其TLR2基因进行多态性研究,发现TLR2基因第2外显子上T/G,G/A和G/A 3个突变,分别是EcoRⅤ,HaeⅢ和HhaⅠ限制性内切酶的酶切多态位点,其中T/G突变引起蛋白质氨基酸天冬氨酸/谷氨酸的变化。对3个酶切多态位点进行基因型分析,χ^2检验表明：中国荷斯坦奶牛、三河牛和中国西门塔尔牛在3个酶切多态位点都达到了Hardy-Weinberg平衡。中国西门塔尔牛在3个酶切多态位点PIC为最高。运用SAS9.0软件,采用最小二乘拟合一般线性模型分析了3个酶切多态位点与中国荷斯坦奶牛、三河牛和中国西门塔尔牛体细胞评分（SCS）的关系,结果表明：在这3个酶切多态位点中,只有EcoRⅤ酶切多态位点BB基因型个体的SCS显著低于AA和AB基因型个体（P〈0.05）,说明BB基因型可能为抵御乳房炎的有利基因型。     

中国西门塔尔牛GH基因SNPs与经济性状的关联分析

本试验采用PCR-RFLP和DNA测序等技术检测牛生长激素基因P3位点（growth hormone,GH-P3）在中国西门塔尔牛群体中的多态性,并利用最小二乘法拟合线性模型对该位点与牛经济性状进行关联分析。结果表明,BB基因型个体胴体重和净肉重极显著高于AA和AB基因型个体（P＜0.01）,屠宰率和净肉率显著高于AA和AB基因型（P＜0.05）,AA基因型背膘厚极显著低于AB、BB基因型（P＜0.01）。本研究结果显示,GH-P3位点对中国西门塔尔牛个体胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率及背膘厚等经济性状有显著或极显著的影响,为中国西门塔尔牛重要经济性状的分子标记辅助选择（MAS）及品系培育提供理论依据。     

TLR2基因多态性与奶牛体细胞评分的相关性研究

旨在分析Toll-样受体2在奶牛隐性乳房炎中的作用。本研究以同一牛场内的中国荷斯坦奶牛和新疆褐牛为研究对象,选取奶牛体细胞数小于20万和大于100万的个体各15头,对TLR2基因进行测序,然后对发现的多态位点进行PCR-RFLP检测,分析这些位点与体细胞评分(SCS)的相关性。结果发现了TLR2基因E+189、E+631和E+2260 3个SNP位点,其中E+631和E+2260位点为本试验首次发现。E+189、E+631和E+2260 3个SNP位点在2个品种内均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05);3个位点在2个品种间的基因型分布差异都极显著(P<0.01)。分析每个SNP位点与SCS的相关性,显示TLR2E+189位点AA比BB和AB基因型个体的SCS高(P<0.05),AB与BB基因型个体的SCS差异不显著(P>0.05);说明BB基因型个体的乳房炎发病率低。而TLR2E+631的SCS和TLR2E+189位点表现相似,但各个基因型个体间的SCS差异不显著(P>0.05)。E+2260位点AA基因型个体比AB的SCS低(P>0.05)。新疆褐牛的SCS低于荷斯坦牛(P<0.01),...     

中国西门塔尔牛CAPN1基因SNPs及其与经济性状关联分析

本研究旨在分析CAPN1基因部分SNPs与中国西门塔尔牛经济性状的关联性.试验选取同龄、同场的135头中国西门塔尔牛为材料,利用PCR-RFLP方法检测CAPN1 316和CAPN1 4751 2个SNPs位点的多态性,并进行方差分析.结果发现,CAPN1 316 SNP位点与大理石花纹显著相关(P＜0.05),杂合子AB基因型个体的大理石纹评分显著高于AA和BB基因型个体(P＜0.05);CAPN1 4751位点与大理石花纹和剪切力显著相关(P＜0.05),大理石花纹性状中杂合子AB基因型个体评分显著高于AA基因型个体,剪切力性状中BB基因型个体显著高于AA基因型个体.结果表明,CAPN1 316和CAPN1 4751位点适合用于中国西门塔尔牛眼肌、肌肉大理石花纹的分子标记选择.     

7个牛品种PON2基因第9外显子SSCP分析及其外显子多态性扫描

对氧磷酶2（Paraoxonase-2,PON2）产物是脂肪代谢过程中的抗氧化酶,被确定为影响相关重大心血管疾病和人类寿命的重要候选基因。本研究利用直接测序法对PON2基因所有外显子进行多态位点扫描,利用PCR-SSCP技术对中国西门塔尔牛、鲁西牛、秦川牛、晋南牛、荷斯坦牛、摩拉水牛和尼里-拉菲水牛7个品种的478头个体PON2基因第9外显子T98C位点进行多态性分析。结果表明,PON2基因外显子上共发现4个单核苷酸突变位点,但均未引起氨基酸的改变;第9外显子扩增大小为167bp的片段存在单链构象多态性。除鲁西牛和荷斯坦牛外,其它5个品种牛在该基因座位都处于Hardy—Weinberg平衡状态（P〉0．05）。鲁西牛、南阳牛、晋南牛和荷斯坦牛4个群体处于中度多态（0．25〈PIC〈0．50）,其它3个牛种为低度多态。除摩拉水牛和尼里-拉菲水牛不存在AA基因型外,其它5个牛品种中均存在AA、AB、BB3种基因型,但优势等位基因在7个品种牛群体中存在差异,基因型频率在鲁西牛和南阳牛中AA〉AB〉BB;晋南牛则3种基因型频率之比约为1：1：1;中国西门塔尔牛则出现严重的偏态,B等位基因为绝对优势等位基因;2种水牛中,BB基因型为优势基因型,B等位基因为优势等位基因。利用SAS9．1软件GLM过程分析基因型均值,用邓肯法（Duncan’s）进行基因型间的多重比较,将该基因座不同基因型与7个牛品种间和鲁西牛6个年龄组（n=238）进行了差异分析,结果表明,不同基因型在品种间存在极显著的差异（P〈0．01）;鲁西牛各年龄组与各基因型间差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但各种基因型间存在有着极显著的差异（P〈0．01）。结合各种基因型个体在不同年龄组间的变化趋势,AA型个体可能具有相对较长的使用寿命。     

垂体特异性转录因子1基因遗传多态性与中国西门塔尔牛生长及育肥性状的遗传效应分析

本研究旨在分析垂体特异性转录因子(Pit-1)基因SNPs与中国西门塔尔牛生长和育肥性状的相关性。试验以118头中国西门塔尔牛为材料,利用DNA测序和PCR-RFLP方法检测Pit-1基因Hinf Ⅰ酶切位点多态性,并进行相关分析。结果表明,Hinf Ⅰ酶切位点与料重比和平均日增重性状呈显著相关(P＜0.05),其中BB基因型个体显著优于AA基因型个体,饲料转化率较低,平均日增重较高;在8、15月龄体高性状,12、15月龄体长性状,8、12、15月龄胸围性状和8月龄腹围性状中,Hinf Ⅰ酶切位点多态差异显著,BB基因型个体表型值显著高于AA基因型(P＜0.05);在宰后体尺性状测量性状中,Pit-1基因Hinf Ⅰ多态位点对胴体长、胴体胸深和腰部肉厚性状影响显著,其中BB基因型个体表型值显著大于AA和AB基因型个体(P＜0.05)。初步认为,BB基因型与优良的生长育肥性能显著相关,对B等位基因的选择有利于优良性状的改良。     

牛UCP3基因多态性及其与血清生化指标的相关性研究

解耦联蛋白3(UCP3)是位于线粒体内膜的质子转运体,其在适应性产热、体重调节和能量代谢中发挥重要作用.本试验利用PCR-RFLP技术研究了鲁西牛、西门塔尔牛、摩拉水牛和尼里-拉菲水牛4个品种151头牛的UCP3基因的多态性及其与血清生化指标的相关性,为研究牛的能量代谢及耐热、耐寒性提供参考依据.结果表明:牛UCP3基因的第3外显子存在限制性内切酶BglⅠ多态.4个群体中的优势等位基因均为A,鲁西牛和西门塔尔牛的优势基因型均为AB型,在尼里水牛和摩拉水牛中AA基因型略占优势.在所研究的群体中,该多态基因座均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＞0.05).对遗传多态性与血清生化指标进行相关性分析后,发现鲁西牛的β球蛋白含量AA基因型个体显著高于AB型(P＜0.05),尼里水牛的血清钾和α2球蛋白含量AA型个体显著高于AB型(P＜0.05),水牛品种白蛋白含量和α2球蛋白含量与鲁西牛和西门塔尔牛差异显著,为进一步研究水牛与黄牛的差异提供了参考.     

大河乌猪血浆胆固醇脂转移蛋白基因多态性与 生产性能的相关性分析

试验应用PCR-RFLP技术对云南培育品种大河乌猪4代(F4)、5代(F5)和6代(F6))共334头个体的血浆胆固醇脂转移蛋白(cholesteryl ester transfer protein,CETP)基因内含子1436 bp进行扩增,用限制性内切酶AvaⅡ对其酶切可得到3种基因型:BB、Bb和bb,F4、F5、F6都以b等位基因为优势等位基因,其等位基因频率分别为0.5821、0.6042和0.6885。取不同基因型纯合子样品进行测序,共发现7个单核苷酸多态位点(SNPs),其有3个为转换,4个突变为颠换,多态位点分别位于19、69、132、175、203、224、234 bp处。应用最小二乘分析不同基因型和不同性别的基因型对生长性状(初生重、45日龄重、4月龄体重、6月龄体重、体高、体长、管围、背膘厚)的影响。结果显示,F4代Bb和bb基因型个体体长显著高于BB基因型(P＜0.05);bb基因型6月龄管围显著高于BB基因型(P＜0.05),与Bb基因型个体间差异不显著(P＞0.05);F5代Bb和bb基因型个体初生重显著高于BB基因型(P＜0.05),两者之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);F6代bb基因型个体初生重、45日龄重显著高于BB基因型(P＜0.05),与Bb基因型个体间差异不显著(P＞0.05);其余性状不同基因型间无显著差异(P＞0.05)。另外,bb基因型雄性和雌性个体在初生重都存在显著差异(P＜0.05)。研究结果提示,CETP基因对猪生长性状(特别是初生重)存在一定影响;选择带有b等位基因的个体有望提高猪体质量相关的生长性状,该SNP可能是改良猪生长速度性状的重要分子标记位点。     

中国荷斯坦牛PPAR-α基因多态性研究及其与耐热性能的关联分析

本研究采用PCR方法扩增牛过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors,PPAR-α)基因的内含子3,获得589 bp的片段,利用DNA测序技术发现1个新SNP位点,即44087(G/A);同时利用PCR-RFLP技术对这该SNP位点进行基因型分型,分别分析了771头中国荷斯坦牛、136头鲁西黄牛和37头渤海黑牛PPAR-α基因该位点的多态性。结果表明,在这3个群体中PPAR-α基因44087(G/A)位点普遍表现为GG基因型频率最高,优势等位基因为G;χ²适合性检验结果表明,该位点在中国荷斯坦牛和鲁西黄牛群体中都未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＜0.05),在这个基因座位上均有丰富的多态信息含量。对中国荷斯坦奶牛44087(G/A)位点不同基因型与SCS、产奶性能及耐热性能进行最小二乘均值显著性检验结果表明,在PPAR-α基因该位点GA基因型是优良基因型,其个体的SCS值显著低于GG基因型(P<0.05),并且GA基因型乳蛋白率显著高于GG基因型(P<0.05),在炎热环境中产奶下降率显著低于GG基因型(P<0.05)。由此分析GA基因型可能有利于提高中国荷斯坦奶牛的产奶性能。在人工选择的过程中,选择GA基因型的个体,可以降低热应激给奶牛带来的危害,同时又能够提高牛奶品质和产量。     

Complications and survival associated with surgical compared with medical management of horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Based on clinical observation, it is hypothesised that horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (DPJ) that are treated surgically have a shorter duration, smaller volume, and slower rate of nasogastric reflux (NGR) compared to horses treated medically, are more likely to develop diarrhoea than medically managed cases, and have a higher incisional infection rate than a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. OBJECTIVES: To compare: 1) duration, volume and rate of NGR and the percentage of horses with diarrhoea between medically and surgically treated DPJ cases; and 2) incisional infection rate in horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration to a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. METHODS: Medical records of cases with DPJ diagnosed 1995-2006 were reviewed. Information obtained included subject details, presenting clinical findings, treatment category (medical/surgical), complications (diarrhoea, incisional infection), and outcome (survival/nonsurvival). Data were analysed using a Chi-squared test and a mixed model analysis of variance. Level of significance was P<0.05. RESULTS: Compared to medical cases, surgical cases had significantly decreased survival, a longer duration and larger total volume of NGR, and were more likely to develop diarrhoea. The incisional infection rate for horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration was 16% compared to 7% for the sample population of horses. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of horses with DPJ did not lead to resolution of NGR faster than medical treatment. Surgical cases were more likely to develop diarrhoea and did not have a significantly higher incisional infection rate than the sample population.     

Serum triglyceride concentration in dogs with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and bromide

OBJECTIVE: To compare serum triglyceride concentrations obtained after food had been withheld (i.e., fasting concentrations) in dogs with epilepsy that had been treated long term (> or = 3 months) with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and potassium bromide with concentrations in healthy control dogs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 57 epileptic dogs that had been treated with phenobarbital (n=28) or with phenobarbital and bromide (29) and 57 healthy, untreated control dogs matched on the basis of age, breed, sex, neuter status, and body condition score. PROCEDURES: Blood samples were collected after food had been withheld for at least 12 hours, and serum biochemical and lipid concentrations were determined. Oral fat tolerance tests were performed in 15 control dogs and 9 dogs with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital alone. RESULTS: 19 of the 57 (33%) epileptic dogs had fasting serum triglyceride concentrations greater than the upper reference limit. Nine (16%) dogs had a history of pancreatitis, and 5 of the 9 had high fasting serum triglyceride concentrations at the time of the study. A significant relationship was found between body condition score and fasting serum triglyceride concentration in all dogs, but serum triglyceride concentration was not significantly associated with phenobarbital dosage or serum phenobarbital concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that dogs treated long term with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and bromide may develop hypertriglyceridemia. Fasting serum triglyceride concentration should be periodically monitored in dogs treated with phenobarbital because hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for pancreatitis.     

资源环保安全优质节约谁能一肩挑——镇江市土著菌养鸡访谈录

三月底一个风和日丽的日子,我们去镇江采访土著菌养鸡的情况。对于土著菌,我们并不佰生,因为,我们几年前就报道过镇江广电总局基地的土著菌养鸡。只是那时镇江的主要精力放在稻鸭共作的研究和推广上,这几年土著菌养鸡养猪才被越来越多的人重视起来。不但如此,镇江人又用推广稻鸭共作的热情推广起土著菌养鸡养猪来。     

Long-term treatment with carprofen of 805 dogs with osteoarthritis

The pain-relieving effect of carprofen and tolerance to the drug were investigated in 805 dogs that were lame as a result of osteoarthritis. The dogs were of different breeds, ages and bodyweights and of both sexes, and were selected from 51 veterinary clinics. Each dog was treated orally by its owner with 4 mg/kg carprofen for 84 consecutive days. Twenty-four dogs were removed from the study because of side effects, and 55 left the study for reasons unrelated to the treatment. The condition of the dogs and the benefit of the treatment were evaluated by the veterinary surgeons and the owners after 14 days, and at the end of the period of treatment, when 194 of the dogs (26.7 per cent) were no longer lame, and 357 (49.2 per cent) had improved. The period for which the dogs had been lame before entering the study significantly (P<0.01) affected the results and the rate of improvement. Too much exercise during the 84 days of treatment caused some dogs to relapse.     

Treatment with gabapentin of 11 dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy

Eleven dogs diagnosed with refractory idiopathic epilepsy were treated orally with gabapentin for a minimum of three months at an initial dose of 10 mg/kg every eight hours. They were all experiencing episodes of generalised tonic-clonic seizures and had been treated chronically with a combination of phenobarbital and potassium bromide at doses sufficient to reach acceptable therapeutic serum levels without causing significant side effects. In each dog, the number of seizures per week, the average duration of the seizures and the number of days on which seizures occurred were compared for the three months before and after they were treated with gabapentin. A minimum 50 per cent reduction in the number of seizures per week was interpreted as a positive response to gabapentin, and six of the dogs showed a positive response. After the addition of gabapentin, both the number of seizures per week (P= 0.005) and the number of days with any seizures in a one-week period (P=0.03) were significantly reduced. Mild side effects of ataxia and sedation were observed in five of the dogs, but they were not severe enough to warrant the treatment being discontinued during the trial.     

Acute paraplegia associated with vasculitis in a dog with leishmaniasis

A 14-month-old female crossbreed dog with leishmaniasis, receiving allopurinol, was presented with acute paraplegia. A diagnosis of renal failure with pelvic limb lower motor neuron signs was made and the dog was euthanased. Histopathological examination demonstrated leukocytoclastic vasculitis in multiple organs. Malacia and haemorrhage affecting the spinal cord was associated with multiple foci of vasculitis within the nervous tissue. Rupture and thrombosis of inflamed vessels caused haemorrhage in the spinal cord and subsequent paralysis.