寒地风沙干旱区无公害优质水稻栽培技术

寒地风沙干旱区是指黑龙江省西北部的齐齐哈尔地区 ,该地区是黑龙江省新兴的水稻区 ,也是重要的中低产田改造区。为发展质量效益型农业和可持续性农业 ,近年 ,推广了无公害优质水稻高产栽培技术 ,并荣获省级认证。为进一步实施该技术并指导农业生产 ,现将该地区的生态特点和无公害优质水稻栽培技术总结如下 ,供参考。1　主要的生态特点分析1 1　气候条件齐齐哈尔地区气候干燥 ,多风沙 ;全年平均气温在 2 4℃左右 ,无霜期 1 2 0～1 40ｄ ,年平均降雨量 44 4ｍｍ。经省农业环境测试中心测定 ,空气总悬浮颗粒物0 0 9ｍｇ/ｍ3,二氧化硫 0 0 …     

杂交水稻汕优608超高产栽培技术

汕优608是由贵州省黔东南州农业科学研究所培育的高抗稻瘟病中迟熟杂交水稻新组合,2004年通过贵州省审定。2006年该品种获贵州省科技成果重点推广项目．拟在贵州境内海拔1000m以下地区和稻瘟病重发地区开展高产配套栽培技术研究及大面积示范推广。该组合高产稳产、抗性强、农艺性状好、田间生长势旺．具有超高产生产潜力。     

云南高原水稻生态和高产典型考察

1984年9月我们到云南昆明、大理、宾川和丽江等地、县考察高原水稻生态和高产典型,现汇报如下: 一、云南高原水稻生态条件和品种类型 云南属低纬高原地区,境内海拔高差悬殊,地貌多样,气候差异大,从平面看全省或从垂直看一地,都具有寒、温、热不同的气候带,形成了适应不同气候生态的水稻栽培制度和品     

贵州山区优质高产粳稻新品种毕粳43的选育

贵州地处云贵高原的东斜坡面,全境自西向东倾斜,平均海拔1100m左右,境内山原、丘陵、盆地（坝子）、谷地、台地交错出现,地形地貌复杂,垂直差异明显,生态类型多样,立体农业特点突出。全省水稻面积73万～78万hm^2,分布在海拔137～2100m,其中粳稻主要分布在海拔1400m以上的高寒山区,面积6万～8万hm^2,栽培上以一季中粳为主。     

贵州不同生态区江优919适宜施氮量和穗肥比例初探

为探讨贵州不同生态区杂交水稻组合江优919施肥技术,采用2因子随机区组设计在贵州2个重点生态区进行了不同施氮量和穗肥比例试验。结果表明,2生态区江优919产量差异明显,实现高产的施肥方案也不同,要根据不同生态区条件确定不同的施肥方案。类似平塘试点生态条件的稻区江优919采用总尿素量为358.65 kg/hm~2、基蘖肥与穗肥比为4∶1的施肥方案单产可达10.95 t/hm~2以上;类似沿河试点生态条件的稻区江优919采用总尿素量为423.90 kg/hm~2、基蘖肥与穗肥比为7∶3的施肥方案单产可达到9.75 t/hm~2以上。     

辽宁省水稻中晚熟种植区域品种类型选择的初步分析

以辽宁省2007年中晚熟水稻区域试验参试品种为分析材料,分析了不同试验点产量水平、不同产量水平产量及产量结构的差异,不同试验点高产品种产量及产量结构差异。结果表明,选择适宜的高产品种对各生态区水稻产量有重要影响,在不同生态区水稻增产途径有一定的差异,辽阳、鞍山、海城、沈阳农大试区更适宜种植穗数、穗粒兼顾型高产品种,大石桥、辽宁省盐碱地所、西海试区更适宜种植穗数型高产品种,辽宁省稻作所试区更适宜种植穗重型高产品种。     

贵州茶叶生产的气候因素分析

茶叶是茶树的叶子加工而成,由于茶叶种类繁多,因而得到人们的广泛青睐,成为人们在日常生活中不可缺少的饮品之一。贵州是生产茶叶的大省,因为得天独厚的地理环境和适宜的气候因素,促使贵州地区成为生产茶叶的主要产区。本文就贵州茶叶生产的气候因素进行相关方面的探讨和分析,希望可以为实际的活动提供一些参考意见,从而促进各个方面得到良好的发展。     

论水稻“吨粮田”的植保战略

一、水稻“吨粮田”的生态特征“吨粮田”是以高投入高产出为主要特征、强化人为控制为主要手段的人工生态系统,“吨粮田”建设是一项生态工程。它是在一定气候和土壤条件下,以水稻为中心,包括周围环境的病虫杂草和微生物构成的特有的能量转移和物质循环的农业生态系统。“吨粮田”目标的实现,很大程度上取决于     

湖南主要香稻产区气候生态因子对水稻香气质量的影响

以香稻品种Basmati、湘晚籼13号、中香1号和非香稻常规品种黄华占为试验材料,以永顺县、江永县、长沙市为3个试验点,用GC-MS交替移动窗口因子分析法(AMWFA)定性定量分析水稻香气质量,并比较分析了这3个产区地形地貌差异性及其气候生态因子的差异性,讨论了主要香稻产区气候生态因子与水稻香气质量的相关性。研究结果表明,在香稻灌浆初期和灌浆中期日均气温最低、日最高气温最低、日最低气温最低,而气温日较差最大的传统地方香稻产区的香稻香味最浓,香味物质种类最多;日均气温低和气温日较差/昼夜温差大有利于提高稻米游离氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸的种类及含量,这也是导致江永香稻和永顺香稻比长沙地区香稻香味更浓、米粒更油光发亮的原因之一。     

腾冲县腾越镇2009年水稻高产创建成效显著

在省、市、县有关科技部门的关心、支持下,2009年腾越镇被列入云南省科技厅水稻高产创建示范镇,承担了以"百亩核心区、千亩展示片、万亩示范区"为主要内容的水稻高产创建项目.在项目实施中,腾越镇农业技术推广站根据县科技局<腾冲县2009年水稻高产创建活动实施方案>的相关要求,认真组织实施.并在上级科技部门的指导下,顺利完成了项目的各项工作,取得了显著的成效.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.