食用菌菌种污染原因及预防措施

食用菌的菌种制作是食用菌栽培的前提 ,纯度高、生命力强的菌种是食用菌栽培取得丰产优质的先决条件。菌种质量的好坏不仅关系到一个菌种场的经济效益高低和信誉好坏 ,而且关系到广大菇农的栽培效益。随着食用菌产业的大发展 ,菌种的生产量不断扩大 ,由于菌种污染而造成的经济损失也在成倍地增加 ,这已成为食用菌发展不可忽视的问题。从菌种生产的各个环节入手 ,客观地分析造成污染的原因 ,采取相应的预防措施 ,才能达到降低制种成本 ,提高菌种质量和产量的目的。1　菌种污染的原因1.1　菌种本身不纯。无论是母种、原种还是栽培种 ,都要使用…     

食用菌菌种的基本保藏方法

菌种被选育出以后,必须保持其优良性状不变或尽可能少变,使其能长期在生产中使用,并保持菌种优良性。因此,菌种的保藏问题越来越受到关注。菌种保藏是采用干燥、低温、冷冻、或惰气供给等方法,中止其繁殖、降低其代谢强度,使之处于休眠状态。     

菌种变异与退化在生产实践中的对策

菌种在食用菌生产过程中扮演着种子的角色,高质量菌种是高产量的基础。菌种变异与退化是食用菌产业发展的一大难题。为了解菌种变异和退化,解决这一难题,从食用菌菌丝层面进行分析,针对菌种的异化、劣化、退化现象,提出实际生产中可采取的对策。     

酸马奶酒菌种的固定化研究

论述了细胞固定化技术以及共固定化技术的研究及其发展,在酸马奶酒及其菌种特性研究的基础上,提出马奶酒菌种固定化研究的意义及其展望。     

商洛市食用菌菌种生产现状及发展对策

随着经济的发展和市场的变革，商洛市食用菌产业高质、高效、可持续发展面临新的考验。通过对全市6县1区食用菌菌种生产情况开展深入调查，充分掌握全市食用菌菌种生产现状。通过分析研讨研发、生产、流通等各环节存在的问题，提出相应对策，旨在进一步加强种业管理服务体系建设，为商洛市制订食用菌菌种发展规划和指导意见提供决策依据。     

聊城市菌种产业状况和加快发展措施

聊城市作为食用菌生产大市,在山东省乃至全国都占有举足轻重的地位,聊城市平菇、草菇、灵芝生产都走在了全国的前列。与此不相符的,聊城市菌种产业却不足以支撑食用菌产业健康快速发展,本文分析了聊城市食用菌产业及菌种产业现状,指出了菌种产业存在的诸多问题并针对性地提出发展建议,以期为聊城市食用菌产业健康快速发展奠定基础。     

微生物菌种保藏方法概述

通过自然分离、人工选育或基因工程构建得到的微生物种系,是生物学研究的常用材料以及工业生产的重要原料,保持微生物种系的稳定是保证后续实验和生产顺利进行的前提,因此微生物菌种的保藏是微生物研究的一项重要课题。介绍了几种常见微生物菌种的保藏方法并阐述了它们的优缺点。     

栗蘑菌种制作技术

栗蘑又称灰树花，是美味食用菌。幼嫩时肉质柔软，味如鸡丝，脆似玉兰，有松口蘑香味，富含多种氨基酸和维生素，尤其富含维生素B、维生素E。栗蘑具有强烈抗肿瘤活性，还可治小便不利、水肿、脚气、肝硬化腹水及糖尿病等。总之，不论食用或药用都有很高的价值。但是，栽培栗蘑需要大量菌种，而菌种的质量又直接影响着栗蘑的产量。因此，制作优质菌种显得尤为重要。栗蘑菌种的制作分母种制种作、原种制作和栽培菌种制作三个阶段，现分别介绍如下：     

安徽农大建成我国最大虫生真菌菌种保藏库

<正>安徽农业大学已建成了我国最大、位居世界前五名的虫生真菌菌种保藏库。从上世纪70年代开始,安徽农大就开始进行野外虫生真菌菌种的收集分离研究,目前已保藏了1296种虫生真菌菌种,其中针对重要农林目标害虫,可供工业化     

栗蘑菌种制作技术

栗蘑又称灰树花，是美味食用菌。幼嫩时肉质柔软，昧如鸡丝，脆似玉兰，有松口蘑香味，富含多种氨基酸和维生素，尤以富含维生素B、维生素E。同时具有强烈抗肿瘤活性，还可治小便不利、水肿、脚气病、肝硬化腹水及糖尿病等，不论在食用或药用方面，都有很高的价值。但是，栽培栗蘑需要大量菌种，而菌种的质量又直接影响着栗蘑的产量，为此，制作优质菌种显得尤为重要。     

植物新品种保护与品种审定的意义和异同

随着知识产权愈来愈受到社会各界的关注，植物新品种保护工作也显得尤为重要。该文着重介绍了植物新品种保护的发展概况、意义及其与品种审定的异同，使读者对植物新品种保护工作有所了解。     

大白菜施肥技巧与主要病虫害防治

1施肥技巧 大白菜施肥原则是：整地重施有机肥，苗后分次巧追肥。追肥要掌握“少量多次、前少后多、分期供给”。肥后及时浇水，以达到肥水均匀，充分发挥肥效。     

果蔬采后存在问题及贮藏保鲜技术发展

随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。     

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and residues of oil and protein crops

Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha⁻¹ grain and 16 t ha⁻¹ residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha⁻¹, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha⁻¹; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha⁻¹. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO⁻₃-N ha⁻¹.     

我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望

1　我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1　播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm²,发展到1333.3万hm²,增长139.5%。1.2　总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg……     

向日葵抗盐碱生理生化机制与生长发育特性分析

以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F₂群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F₂群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F₂群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。     

Approaches and Applications of Chemomics and Chemoinformatics

Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology.     

On Fengshui and Rockery and Water Layout

Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design.     

果蔬食品的褐变与控制

结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。     

Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear

Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection.