丹波黑大豆GmDREPP基因的克隆与耐铝性

发育调节质膜多肽(developmentally-regulated plasma membrane polypeptide, DREPP)是一类植物特异性蛋白,参与植物对生物和非生物胁迫的响应与调控。本研究以耐铝丹波黑大豆(Glycine max cv. Tamba)为试验材料,克隆获得编码丹波黑大豆GmDREPP蛋白基因的CDS序列,构建组成型过表达载体pCXSN-GmDREPP,成功遗传转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum),并运用qRT-PCR定量技术研究GmDREPP基因在丹波黑大豆中的表达情况。结果表明,铝胁迫下GmDREPP在丹波黑大豆的根、茎、叶、子叶中均有表达,根中又以根尖的表达量最高;GmDREPP的根尖表达水平随Al³⁺浓度增加而上升,Al³⁺浓度高于50μmol·L^-1后其表达量无显著变化。对转基因烟草阳性植株进行RT-PCR分析,选取3个表达水平较高的转基因株系(GmDREPP-2、GmDREPP-4、GmDREPP-5)进行耐铝性分析,结果表明:(1)50μmol·L^-1     

耐酸耐铝毒苜蓿根瘤菌的筛选

从紫花苜蓿、天蓝苜蓿和南苜蓿植株上分离获得的22株根瘤菌菌株中筛选出5株耐酸较好的苜蓿根瘤菌菌株,分别为S0710、S0713、L0701、L0702和P0701,这5株菌株在pH值5的酸性条件下仍能正常生长,茼株S0713和P0701甚至能在pH值4的酸性条件下生长.酸性条件下菌株L0701和P0701对AI3+有较好的耐受性.而菌株S0710则对AI3+极为敏感.     

柠檬酸铝中铝含量测定方法研究

柠檬酸铝在油田堵水、调剖和驱油作业中应用广泛。在生产和使用过程中需要对铝含量进行监测分析,但有关测定方法未见工业标准或研究报告。按常规络合滴定法测定时,柠檬酸会干扰铝含量的测定。若用加酸消解预处理消除柠檬酸根离子的干扰之后,可用络合滴定法准确测定柠檬酸铝中铝的含量。室内用体积分数大于50%的硫酸/硝酸消解预处理含柠檬酸的十二水合硫酸铝钾样品,滴定前先加入二甲酚橙指示剂,再加入适量氢氧化钠溶液使试液颜色由黄色变为紫色,最后用8%硝酸使试液颜色变至淡黄色,pH值为5.5~6.0,滴定终点明显,相对误差绝对值小于1%。该方法准确可靠,加标回收率为99.46%~100.28%,每次测定的相对误差绝对值均小于2%,平行性好,有效解决了柠檬酸铝产品生产中质量控制难题。     

荞麦基因型间的耐铝性研究

[目的]筛选出耐铝性较强的荞麦资源。[方法]用水培法对25份荞麦资源的耐铝性进行研究。以发芽的荞麦种子在3d内的根伸长量衡量耐铝性程度。[结果]低浓度（500μmol/L以下）的AlCl3处理对荞麦根系的生长具有明显的促进作用,而高浓度（1000μmol/L）的AlCl3处理则会抑制荞麦根系的生长。荞麦基因型间的耐铝性具有明显差异。[结论]在所选取的25份荞麦材料中,L2081和T442的耐铝胁迫能力最强,值得在荞麦耐铝性育种和耐铝机制的研究中开发利用。     

荞麦基因型间的耐铝性研究

[目的]筛选出耐铝性较强的荞麦资源。[方法]用水培法对25份荞麦资源的耐铝性进行研究。以发芽的荞麦种子在3 d内的根伸长量衡量耐铝性程度。[结果]低浓度（500μmol/L以下）的AlCl3处理对荞麦根系的生长具有明显的促进作用,而高浓度（1 000μmol/L）的AlCl3处理则会抑制荞麦根系的生长。荞麦基因型间的耐铝性具有明显差异。[结论]在所选取的25份荞麦材料中,L2081和T442的耐铝胁迫能力最强,值得在荞麦耐铝性育种和耐铝机制的研究中开发利用。     

酸性土壤中耐铝细菌分离及耐铝性的初步研究

[目的]研究铝离子对5种土壤中细菌的生长情况的影响。[方法]以筛选出的7株细菌为研究对象,分析菌落在不同浓度铝离子下生长状况。[结果]随着Al3＋浓度不断增加,细菌生长受到抑制;细菌中B2、B3、B4、B5耐铝性较好,在Al3＋浓度3 mmol/L时能够生长;7株细菌中,B4的增长率最高,耐铝性最好。[结论]该研究为微生物的耐铝性研究提供了一定的理论依据。     

利用转基因技术提高植物耐铝性的研究

酸性土壤在热带地区非常普遍,约占世界耕地面积的40％。在酸性土壤中,铝的毒害是限制作物产量的主要因素。植物对铝的耐性差异很大,在一些植物中,已筛选得到一些耐铝性品种,并进行了选育;但在另外一些植物中根本就筛选不到耐铝的品种。通过转基因的方法将耐铝基因导入到敏感的品种中是解决这一问题很好的方法,但到目前为止还没有这方面的报道。     

光诱导和组成型启动子控制柠檬酸合酶基因过量表达对转基因烟草耐铝性影响的比较

分别用光诱导型启动子(PrbcS)和组成型启动子(CaMV 35S)驱动柠檬酸合酶基因(cs)在转基因烟草中过量表达,比较转基因烟草中柠檬酸的含量和分泌量及其铝耐受性的变化.结果表明:诱导型转基因株系的CS酶活性是野生型的2.3～2.4倍,组成型转基因株系的酶活性是野生型的1.6～2倍;在30 μmol·L-1铝胁迫下,诱导型转基因植株的根相对伸长量是野生型的2.8～2.9倍,组成型的根相对伸长量是野生型的2～2.3倍;在无铝或300 μmo1·L-1铝胁迫下,转基因烟草叶片和根中柠檬酸含量均高于野生型,其中诱导型转基因植株叶片中柠檬酸含量高于组成型转基因植株,转基因烟草柠檬酸的分泌量分别是野生型的1.8～2.0倍和3.0～3.3倍;在有铝胁迫的珍珠岩基质上培养时,转基因烟草的生长情况好于野生型.这些结果证明,与CaMV 35S相比,采用PrbcS启动子控制cs基因的过量表达可更有效地增加转基因烟草中CS的酶活性及叶片中柠檬酸的合成量,同时也能更有效地提高转基因烟草柠檬酸的分泌量,从而增强其对铝毒害的抵御能力.     

小麦耐铝性的生理生化与遗传

小麦耐铝性的生理生化与遗传中国农业大学米国华欧阳华民张福锁酸性土壤中很多单个化学障碍因素以及它们的相互作用限制着植物生长。ｐＨ＞４的酸性土壤，限制因子不是Ｈ＋浓度，而主要是过多的游离铝和交换性铝使植物发生毒害，铝毒已成为酸性土壤限制作物产量的重要因素...     

玉米根系活力与耐铝性的关系

铝胁迫可提高耐铝自交系根系还原力,而铝敏感自交系TTC还原强度则显著下降,表明自交系根系TTC相对还原强度与耐铝性具有很好的一致性。耐铝自交系根系活跃吸收面积,尤其是根系活跃吸收面积占总吸收面积的比例相对较高。铝胁迫可维持或略提高铝自交系根系氧化力,而敏感自交系根系氧化力则有所下降,说明耐铝自交系在铝胁迫下仍可维持较高的呼吸代谢活性。铝胁迫可造成玉米自交系伤流量减少,且敏感自交系降幅较大。     

紫花苜蓿愈伤组织诱导及愈伤组织对酸铝耐性的评价研究(英文)

苜蓿是最重要的豆科牧草之一,多适应于中性至微碱性土壤,为能在南方低pH条件下大面积推广种植,利用地方品种提高苜蓿的酸铝耐性成为育种的主要目标之一。该研究以6个品质优良、具有潜在高产优质的紫花苜蓿引进栽培种和云南野生种德钦苜蓿为材料,利用细胞培养技术进行耐酸铝性的评价研究。结果表明:7个品种中,耐酸铝性水平依次为GT13R牧歌701=牧歌702AcroraAC-3射手2号=德钦苜蓿。     

利用野生苜蓿资源进行耐酸铝研究的前景

紫花苜蓿是一种优质高产且各类家畜均喜食的豆科牧草,在中国种植历史悠久且种植面积较大,但是,这些仅限于中国北方地区,在中国南方却少有种植。究其原因,与南方大部分地区土壤呈酸性有关,酸性土壤带来了铝的毒害,这些都大大影响了紫花苜蓿在南方的栽培与推广。结合现今国内外对植物耐酸铝性的研究以及云南本地野生资源的状况,阐述苜蓿耐酸铝性研究的进展与意义。     

苜蓿皂苷研究概述

综合近年来国内外有关苜蓿皂苷的研究,从苜蓿皂苷特征、分离提取、生理功能、应用前景等方面对其进行了详细介绍,为今后苜蓿皂苷资源的深入研究和开发利用提供一定的参考和借鉴作用。     

水稻耐铝毒害生理和分子机制研究进展

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是人类最重要的粮食作物之一。铝是地壳中含量最高的金属元素,酸性土壤中的铝毒害严重限制了水稻的生长和产量。因此,提高酸性土壤上农作物的产量,选育和推广耐铝毒的高产品种,开展作物耐铝机理的研究具有较大的理论与实践意义。与其他农作物相比,水稻对铝胁迫表现出优越的耐受性,这主要是因为水稻对铝毒害具有较强的外部斥铝机制和内部忍耐机制。有机酸、活性氧清除系统、植物激素以及其他离子拮抗作用在水稻对铝毒害的响应中起重要作用。水稻耐铝性是受多基因控制的数量性状,且易受环境影响。随着测序技术的发展,越来越多的水稻耐铝相关QTL被鉴定,但目前仅有20余个水稻耐铝基因被克隆,它们主要是转录因子、离子转运蛋白、激素输入和输出载体,耐铝相关基因仍有待进一步挖掘和利用。本文概述了水稻耐铝遗传和已报道的耐铝QTL,进而对水稻耐铝的生理机制和分子机理研究的进展进行综述,最后对水稻耐铝性的研究方向和研究热点进行了讨论和展望。     

3种苜蓿不同部位皂苷含量的测定研究

[目的]研究3种苜蓿不同部位中皂苷含量的测定。[方法]采用比色法测定了江苏地区苜蓿属3种植物紫花苜蓿（包括5种栽培品种）、天蓝苜蓿和南苜蓿不同部位的总皂苷含量。[结果]紫花苜蓿根中皂苷含量（1.39%）明显高于其他2种苜蓿根中皂苷含量;天蓝苜蓿和南苜蓿茎中皂苷含量差异不明显（RSD=2.4%）,略低于紫花苜蓿茎中皂苷含量（0.583%）;天蓝苜蓿叶中皂苷含量最低（0.623%）。综合3种不同部位的皂苷含量,根中皂苷的平均含量达到1.335%,明显大于茎（0.596%）和叶（0.655%）中皂苷含量。[结论]该研究为进一步开发苜蓿属植物资源提供了一定的理论依据。     

苜蓿种子空间诱变生物学效应研究初报(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to understand the mutagenic effects of space flight on alfalfa seeds.[Method] Seeds of three lines of alfalfa were carried into orbit by the satellite ’Shijian-8’ for space fight,the indices including seed germination rate,plant height and growth rate,were measured after the seeds been retrieved.[Result] Remarkable mutagenic effects occurred on the flight seeds,which were mainly presented by abnormal cotyledon,extended variation range of plant height and growth rate.Nineteen plants with increased plant height were preliminarily screened from the T0 progenies,but whether the mutated trait could inherit should be confirmed in further study.Three flight lines of alfalfa are different in the percentages of abnormal cotyledon(10%-18%),variation range of plant height(increased 30%-150% compared to control),selected plant number with increased plant height(5-7 plants),suggesting that differences exits between the three lines in mutation efficiency.[Conclusion] Valuable mutated materials could be obtained by space flight and applied in modern agriculture.     

Preliminary Study on the Mutagenic Effects of Space Flight on Alfalfa Seeds

[Objective] The study aimed to understand the mutagenic effects of space flight on alfalfa seeds.[Method] Seeds of three lines of alfalfa were carried into orbit by the satellite 'Shijian-8' for space fight,the indices including seed germination rate,plant height and growth rate,were measured after the seeds been retrieved.[Result] Remarkable mutagenic effects occurred on the flight seeds,which were mainly presented by abnormal cotyledon,extended variation range of plant height and growth rate.Nineteen plants with increased plant height were preliminarily screened from the T0 progenies,but whether the mutated trait could inherit should be confirmed in further study.Three flight lines of alfalfa are different in the percentages of abnormal cotyledon(10%-18%),variation range of plant height(increased 30%-150% compared to control),selected plant number with increased plant height(5-7 plants),suggesting that differences exits between the three lines in mutation efficiency.[Conclusion] Valuable mutated materials could be obtained by space flight and applied in modern agriculture.     

苜蓿种子空间诱变生物学效应研究初报(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to understand the mutagenic effects of space flight on alfalfa seeds.[Method] Seeds of three lines of alfalfa were carried into orbit by the satellite 'Shijian-8' for space fight,the indices including seed germination rate,plant height and growth rate,were measured after the seeds been retrieved.[Result] Remarkable mutagenic effects occurred on the flight seeds,which were mainly presented by abnormal cotyledon,extended variation range of plant height and growth rate.Nineteen plants with increased plant height were preliminarily screened from the T0 progenies,but whether the mutated trait could inherit should be confirmed in further study.Three flight lines of alfalfa are different in the percentages of abnormal cotyledon(10%-18%),variation range of plant height(increased 30%-150% compared to control),selected plant number with increased plant height(5-7 plants),suggesting that differences exits between the three lines in mutation efficiency.[Conclusion] Valuable mutated materials could be obtained by space flight and applied in modern agriculture.     

苜蓿种子空间诱变生物学效应研究初报

[目的]了解苜蓿种子空间诱变的生物学效应。[方法]3个品系的苜蓿种子搭载"实践八号"育种卫星飞行,返地后,对其种子出苗率、株高及生长速度等指标进行测试。[结果]卫星搭载对苜蓿种子有显著的诱变效应,主要表现在子叶畸变、株高变异范围和生长速度等方面。通过初步筛选,在搭载当代获得了高株变异,但该变异是否可遗传还需进一步研究确认。搭载的3个品系在子叶畸变率(10%~18%)、株高变异范围(比对照增加30%~150%)、入选变异高株数(5~7株)等方面不同,说明3个品系的搭载效率存在差异。[结论]通过空间诱变可获得有价值的变异材料,服务于现代农业。     

Overexpression of a Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase Gene,OsAPX2, Increases Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Alfalfa

Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） is an important forage crop in the world and it is of great signiifcance for the improvement of its salt tolerance. To improve salt tolerance in alfalfa, a rice ascorbate peroxidase gene （OsAPX2） was introduced into alfalfa using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with marker gene bar. The different T-DNA insertions in T1 transgenic alfalfa were identiifed by Southern hybridization. Three independent T2 transgenic lines were selected for stress analysis and the results showed that all of them were salt tolerant compared with wild-type plants. The transgenic plants had low levels of H2O2, malondialdehyde and relative electrical conductivity under salt and drought stresses. Moreover, the contents of chlorophyll and proline, and APX activity were high in transgenic plants under salt and drought stresses. Taken together, the overexpression of OsAPX2 enhances salt tolerance in alfalfa through scavenging reactive oxygen species.