耐低氮胁迫黄瓜品种的筛选

在正常供氮和低氮胁迫条件下,比较了18个黄瓜品种的产量、地上部生物量、植株氮素吸收总量及果实氮积累量的变化。结果表明：① 在低氮胁迫条件下,所有供试黄瓜品种的产量和果实氮积累量均有不同程度的下降,其中津优2号和津优31号下降幅度较小,津绿30号和美好下降幅度较大|津优2号和津优31号的地上部生物量、津优31号的植株氮素吸收总量有所升高,其余品种的地上部生物量、植株氮素吸收总量均有不同程度的下降,津绿30号和美好下降幅度较大|综合产量、地上部生物量、植株氮素吸收总量、果实氮积累量来看,津优2号和津优31号耐低氮能力较强,津绿30号和美好的耐低氮能力较弱。② 相关性分析表明,在低氮胁迫和正常供氮条件下,地上部生物量、植株氮素吸收总量和果实氮积累量均与产量呈极显著正相关,说明产量、地上部生物量、植株氮素吸收总量、果实氮积累量均可作为耐低氮胁迫的筛选指标。     

蔬菜主栽品种问卷调查结果——-黄瓜

从调查结果不难看出（表1）,各地黄瓜的主栽品种大多来自天津,以津优系列、津春系列、博耐系列占有明显优势。“十一五”期间,我国黄瓜育种成功实现了华北型温室黄瓜品种的更新换代,育成的新品种在早熟性、耐低温弱光性、持续结果能力、抗病性等方面显著优于以津绿3 号、津优3 号为代表的上一代温室品种,涌现出一批以津优35 号为代表的优良新品种,其中津优35 号、中农26 号、津优36号及博耐系列等黄瓜品种在当前保护地生产上推广面积较大。     

日光温室冬春茬黄瓜高效栽培技术

<正>利用日光温室在冬春季进行黄瓜生产,一般10月育苗,11月定植,生产期可一直持续到"五一",生产时间长,产量高,效益好。1品种选择根据生长季节特点,在品种选择上要选择耐低温弱光、抗病、丰产、适应性强、结果性好、品质优、商品价值高的品种。以密刺系统为主,生产中应用的品种主要有津春3号、津优2号、津优3号、津优30号、津优33号、津优303号、津绿3号、新世纪、津杂2号、津杂4号、博耐     

冬暖式大棚越冬茬黄瓜高产栽培要点

陕西洛南城关镇经过多年多茬次越冬黄瓜生产实践，已摸索出一套适合当地实际的冬暖式大棚越冬茬黄瓜高产栽培技术。现将其经验介绍如下： 1选用良种 栽培越冬茬黄瓜，应选择耐寒及耐弱光性较强、早熟、节成性（指黄瓜主蔓上雌花节位所占的比例）好、抗病、丰产的优良品种。2009-2010年度，在城关镇的尖角村安排了长春密刺、津春3号、津杂2号、津优3号、中农13、密刺王、农大12共7个品种的对比试验，从耐寒性、节成性、抗病能力及产量等方面综合选择，津春3号、津优3号、长春密刺表现较好，可作为当地主栽品种。2011-2012年度在城关镇庵底村冬暖式大棚生产基地，又进行了长春密刺、津春3号、津优3号、津优30号、博耐13、李氏21共6个品种的比较试验，结果表明，津优30号、博耐13号表现较好。结合大面积生产应用情况，选择津优30号、博耐13号作为洛南县城关镇冬暖式大棚越冬茬的主栽品种。     

苏北地区日光温室越冬黄瓜引种试验

栽培日光温室越冬黄瓜是广大菜农重要的增收致富途径.2006年连云港市东海县农业技术推广中心引进了津优系列等7个黄瓜品种,从生长情况、商品性状以及产量和发病情况4个方面进行比较试验.结果表明,津优30号、津绿3号和津优32号长势强,产量高,效益好,可以在苏北地区大面积推广,解决了当地农户因种植品种混杂、盲目引种而造成经济损失等问题.     

科技顶天 津优立地

正天津科润黄瓜研究所2014年最新育成的温室黄瓜品种,该品种对照津优35号比,瓜码更密,颜色更深,腰瓜比津优35号长2-3cm。耐低温弱光性强,抗多种病害,产量高,经济效益好。是目前温室黄瓜主栽品种津优35号的升级品种,适合温室及春大棚栽培。植株长势较强,叶片中等大小,叶色绿。腰瓜长36cm左右,瓜把短、不溜肩、单瓜重200g左右,瓜条亮绿、有光泽、刺瘤好、瓜条顺直,商品瓜率极     

NaHSO_3和KHCO_3复合处理对设施黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

以黄瓜"津优33号"品种为试材,研究1 500 mg/L浓度的KHCO3和不同浓度NaH-SO3复合对设施黄瓜幼苗生长的影响,探讨促进黄瓜幼苗生产的最佳组合。结果表明:KHCO3和NaHSO3复合配比可提高设施黄瓜幼苗光合速率,进而提高幼苗的根系数、根冠比、植株干重和鲜重比值等指标,培育壮苗。与对照相比,1 500 mg/L KHCO3+200 mg/L NaHSO3处理使黄瓜的茎粗、根系数、光合速率、根冠比、植株干重和鲜重比值分别提高了10.19%、42.86%、62.89%、46.15%、39.60%,效果较为显著。     

苏北地区日光温室越冬黄瓜引种试验

栽培日光温室越冬黄瓜是广大菜农重要的增收致富途径。2006年连云港市东海县农业技术推广中心引进了津优系列等7个黄瓜品种,从生长情况、商品性状以及产量和发病情况4个方面进行比较试验。结果表明,津优30号、津绿3号和津优32号长势强,产量高,效益好,可以在苏北地区大面积推广,解决了当地农户因种植品种混杂、盲目引种而造成经济损失等问题。     

苏北地区日光温室越冬黄瓜引种试验

栽培日光温室越冬黄瓜是广大菜农重要的增收致富途径。2006年连云港市东海县农业技术推广中心引进了津优系列等7个黄瓜品种,从生长情况、商品性状以及产量和发病情况4个方面进行比较试验。结果表明,津优30号、津绿3号和津优32号长势强,产量高,效益好,可以在苏北地区大面积推广,解决了当地农户因种植品种混杂、盲目引种而造成经济损失等问题。     

NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐黄瓜品种生长及根区土壤酶活性的影响

在温室中采用槽式栽培方法,以耐盐黄瓜品种津春5号和盐敏感黄瓜品种津优1号为试材,用浓度为525 mg•kg-1的NaCl处理土壤,研究NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐黄瓜品种生长状况及根区土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：NaCl胁迫下盐敏感品种津优1号的单株产量和全株干质量均显著低于耐盐品种津春5号|随着黄瓜生长,盐敏感品种津优1号定植后50 d的叶面积和定植后40 d的土壤脱氢酶活性均显著低于耐盐品种津春5号|NaCl胁迫条件下,定植后30 d、40 d耐盐品种津春5号土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性较盐敏感品种津优1号受抑制程度轻,受盐害程度低,但差异未达到显著水平。     

土壤含水量对茴香植株生长及精油含量和组分的影响

 采用控制浇水量的方法设计土壤(相对含水量为低44.46%±1.22%~52.84%±2.34%）、中（59.75%±3.11%~77.85%±3.47%）、高（75.24%±3.24%~99.27%±5.67%）3个范围,研究土壤含水量对茴香生长与精油含量及其组分的影响。结果表明,随着土壤含水量的升高,茴香株高、植株节数、根干质量、地上部干质量、全株干质量、全碳含量、单株精油产量和叶绿素a/叶绿素b均随之升高,而根冠比、全氮含量、蛋白氮含量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量和类胡萝卜素含量均随之下降;中土壤含水量的植株花序数、精油含量和可溶性糖含量较高,低和高土壤含水量的则较低;不同土壤含水量处理茴香植株,其精油共鉴定出22种成分,除α-蒎烯、香桧烯、β-蒎烯、γ-萜品烯、萜品油烯、肉豆蔻醚6种成分相对含量差异不显著外,其余16种成分相对含量均表现出显著或极显著差异;随着土壤含水量的增大,精油的第一主要成分反式—茴香脑含量呈升高趋势,低、中、高3个含水量处理的含量依次为41.34%、53.87%和62.97%,第二主要成分柠檬烯含量与反式—茴香脑含量变化相反,其3个含水量处理依次为44.77%、34.77%和22.16%。因此,低土壤含水量处理相对有利于茴香柠檬烯的积累,而高土壤含水量处理相对有利于反式-茴香脑的积累。     

Influence of medium-nitrogen level on growth periodicity of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’

Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’ plants were grown in sand culture and supplied daily with nutrient solutions of 10, 40, 70 or 100 mg l^?1 nitrogen (N). Plant growth at all rates of N was characterized by an initial period of simultaneous shoot and root dry weight accumulation, followed by shoot elongation, root growth cessation, and major accumulations of N and dry weight. Plants grown at the greater N rates accumulated more N and exhibited a higher shoot-to-root ratio as a result of greater shoot than root growth. Plants grown at the higher N applications initiated extension growth before plants grown at lower N levels.     

Effects of N–P–K deficiency and temperature regime on the growth and development of Lilium longiflorum ‘Nellie White’ during bulb production under phytotron conditions

One-year-old scale bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’ (Easter lily) were grown under a combination of six constant day/night temperature regimes and five N–P–K nutrient treatments under short days for 107 d (growing period 1 or GP-1) to compare the effects on growth and development and bulb production. Results during GP-1 were as follows: failure of bulblets to produce a shoot (“no-shows”) was found at high temperatures (30/26 and 26/22 °C) and not influenced by the nutrient treatments. Flower bud abortion was observed in the minus-N, minus-P, and minus-N–P–K treatments at high temperatures (30/26 or 26/22 °C), but not observed at any temperatures in the complete and minus-K treatments. The loss of bulb fresh weight in minus-N treated bulblets was less than in the other treatments resulting in less root and shoot growth in the minus-N treatment. At the intermediate temperatures where growth was highest, omission of N, P, K, or all three resulted in losses in stem bulb fresh weight, stem plus leaf fresh weight, number of flowers, and stem root fresh weight. Omission of N, P, or all three nutrients resulted in lowest basal root fresh weight. Bulb N and K concentrations were lowest in plants grown with complete nutrient solution at the two coldest temperature regimes (14/10 and 10/6 °C). Bulb P concentration was lowest at the three coldest (18/14, 14/10 and 10/6 °C) and the warmest (30/26 °C) temperature regimes. Stem length was shorter when P was omitted. Omission of any of the three nutrients resulted in lower concentrations of the other nutrients. The one exception was where low K did not affect N concentration. In the second phase of the experiment, plants grown at 18/14 °C and irrigated with the complete nutrient solution for 107 d (GP-1) were continued at this day/night temperature regime and five N–P–K nutrient treatments for another 89 d under long days (growing period 2 or GP-2). Results during GP-2 were as follows. Basal bulb yield was not impacted by omission of N, P, or K, or all three. Of all growth measurements, only stem plus leaf fresh weight was lower and only when all three nutrients (minus-N–P–K) were omitted. At the end of GP-2, basal bulb concentrations of N and P did not differ from the concentrations in bulbs at the beginning of GP-1; however, K concentration was lower at the end of GP-2. Omission of N or P further resulted in lower bulb K concentration, suggesting that a moderate supply of N, P, and K be applied during GP-2 since an additional year of bulb production is needed to produce forcing-sized bulbs.     

Effect of iron supply and nitrogen form on growth,nutritional status and ferric reducing activity of spinach in nutrient solution culture

This study was carried out in order to give some information that could improve spinach nutritional status and productivity. In this paper, the effect of two N forms (N was added either as 100% nitrate or as 80% nitrate and 20% ammonium) and three Fe levels (0 μM Fe; 20 μM FeEDDHA; 3 μM FeEDDHA + 10 mM NaHCO₃) on the growth, chlorosis symptoms and shoot nutrient element accumulation was studied in spinach plants (var. Viroflay), grown in hydroponics; six treatments and three harvests (at about 20 days interval each, until plants reached their commercial size) were applied in total. The results indicated that under conditions of Fe sufficiency (20 μM Fe), mixed N nutrition induced higher production of dry matter as well as improved Fe, Mn and Zn plant nutritional status. In plants grown under Fe deprivation (0 μM Fe), shoot Fe concentration was not significantly affected by the N form until the end of the experiment despite mixed N nutrition induced higher dry matter production up to harvest 2; plants grown under Fe deprivation and with mixed N nutrition presented also higher shoot Mn and Zn concentration. Under conditions of high concentration of bicarbonates and low level of Fe (3 μM Fe + 10 mM NaHCO₃), the N form had not a significant influence on total dry matter production whereas shoot Fe and Mn accumulation in 100% NO₃-fed plants was found to be significantly reduced compared to mixed N nutrition; regardless of the N form, those plants presented the least dry matter production, highest intensity of leaf chlorosis as well as highest root ferric reducing activity compared to plants grown under Fe deprivation.     

Influence of Different Soilless Substrates to Morpho-physiological Characteristics and Yield Relations in Strawberries

Some of the advantages of soilless production systems over conventional systems are higher yield, better pest control management and more efficient labor use. Among berries, strawberry responds quite well to soilless production systems. Major yield-affecting factors for strawberries in soilless systems may be listed as; growing medium, source and types of plantlets, density of plants and efficiency of fertigation system. The present research was conducted with strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa ‘Camarosa’) grown in four different media; (1) Cocopeat (C), (2) Peat (P) and (3 and 4) 1:1 mixtures with Pumice (Pu), to evaluate the effects of soilless media on marketable yield and root-shoot morpho-physiological parameters. Correlation measurements were made to assess if there is any interaction between yield and any tested morpho-physiological feature. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, using frigo plantlets (11.6 plantlet/m²) planted in July and through 1 June of following year. Results showed that growth medium had an effect on yield, numbers of developed leaves, shoot-root dry mass, number and length of roots. Yield was correlated with these morphological features. Growth medium also had an influence on plant nutrient accumulations i.?e., shoot accumulation of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) and root accumulation of phosphorus (P) and all the micro-nutrients that with exception of boron (B). There were some interactions between yield and plant nutrient content of tissues determined by correlation analyses. The most striking were negative correlations with yield and shoot N–K amounts and positive correlation with yield and root P amount. Some positive correlations were also found between yield and copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) contents of both shoot and root tissues. Boron (B) contents was correlated only with the root tissues. The medium which had the best overall performance for soilless strawberry production was C?+?Pu and should be recommended to be used with frigo plantlets of ‘Camarosa’.     

Nitrogen and calcium nutrition of Petunia × hybrida ‘Coral Sea’

The effects of N and Ca nutrition on plant growth and shoot elemental content of Petunia × hybrida Hort. Vilm. - Andr. ‘Coral Sea’ were evaluated. Nitrogen and Ca were applied separately or in combination in three experiments: (1) N at 0, 100, 200 or 400 mg l^?1; (2) Ca at 0, 75, 150 or 300 mg l^?1; (3) N at 0 or 100 mg l^?1 and Ca at 0 or 150 mg l^?1 combined factorially. Shoot and root dry weights, branch length and flower number were highest when plants received 100 mg l^?1 N. Plants treated with 150 mg l^?1 Ca had the highest shoot and root dry weights. Branch length was maximal at 300 mg l^?1 Ca.Nitrogen and Ca interacted to increase shoot dry weights, branch number and length, leaf area and flower number. Increasing N concentrations increased N and decreased P, Mn and Zn shoot contents. Calcium content of shoots increased while N, P and Mg decreased in response to increasing applications of Ca to petunia plants. Minimal N and Ca tissue concentrations for optimal P. × hybrida growth were 3.3 and 0.67%, respectively.     

苹果树不同部位新梢叶片13C同化物的去向

以5年生‘天红2号’苹果/SH40/八棱海棠为试材,对其上部、中部和下部新梢叶片进行13C标记处理,研究其产生的13C同化物的运输分配去向。结果表明：新梢的13C自留量（自身叶片 + 自身新梢）以上部新梢中最高,为91.00%,中部新梢中次之,为79.34%,下部新梢中最小,为67.39%;新梢向其它器官提供13C同化物能力大小的顺序为：下部新梢 > 中部新梢 > 上部新梢;其中向根系的13C分配率差异最为显著,由大到小依次为下部新梢 > 中部新梢 > 上部新梢;上部和中部新梢输出的13C同化物均有超过50%分配到地上部,分别为87.42%和59.79%,而仅有12.58%和40.21%分配到地下部,表现为以向地上部运输为主,而下部新梢分配到根系的13C同化物达到了75.53%,以向根系运输为主。     

辣椒植株水浸提液化感作用的初步研究

以菜心和油麦菜两种蔬菜作物为受体,通过测定辣椒植株水浸液对两种蔬菜作物幼苗生长的影响,对辣椒化感物质的作用进行了研究。结果表明：①低浓度（0.02g/mL）的辣椒水浸提液对菜心的苗长和油麦菜苗长、根长和苗质量均表现为促进作用,对菜心的根长、根质量和油麦菜的根质量有抑制作用;②高浓度（0.06g/mL、0.08g/mL）的辣椒水浸提液对菜心和油麦菜幼苗根长和根质量均表现为抑制作用,随着浓度的加大,抑制作用增强,对菜心幼苗苗长和油麦菜的苗质量有一定的促进作用,随着浓度的加大,促进作用减弱;③浓度为0.04g/mL的辣椒水浸提液对菜心根质量、根长和油麦菜根质量、苗长表现为抑制作用,对菜心的苗长和油麦菜苗质量、根长表现为促进作用。     

Root damage affects nitrogen uptake and growth of young Fuji/M.26 apple trees

Summary

Effects of root damage during the transplant process on growth and nitrogen (N) uptake were studied with one-year-old bench-grafted Malus domestica Borkh ‘Fuji’ on M.26 rootstock apple nursery plants. Plants were potted after grafting and grown outside for one season. At the end of the season uniform trees were selected and randomly divided into four groups. One group of plants were moved into a 2°C cold room with soil and container intact (IR Treatment). Plants in other groups were removed from pots and stored as bareroot in the same cold room for three months. In the spring, bareroot plants were either: (1) transplanted with about 10% of the root system damaged during transplant (TP Treatment and Control-CK); or (2) root pruned by 25% (by volume) prior to transplant (RP treatment). Five trees from each treatment received 1 g of ¹⁵NH₄¹⁵NO₃ at 12, 41 and 76 d after repotting. Control (CK) trees received no N. Trees were harvested 10 d after each N application, and plant growth and total N and ¹⁵N content of different tissues were determined. Root pruning reduced plant total biomass and root biomass at the first two harvests, but the plants from the RP treatment had highest total plant biomass and root biomass at the third harvest. There was no significant difference in the new stem and leaf growth among IR, RP and CK treatments at harvests but the TP treatment reduced new shoot biomass. Plants with intact roots (IR) had the higher total N content while control plants (CK) had the lowest. Root pruning reduced ¹⁵N uptake rate at the first two harvests but promoted it at the third harvest. Our results suggest that plant growth and nutrient uptake was suppressed by root pruning/damage during transplanting only in the early season, and the negative effects on growth and N uptake were offset later in the season by compensative root regeneration.     

Molybdenum as an essential element for improving total yield in seawater-grown Salicornia europaea L.

The growth of crop plants on full-strength seawater constitutes a major challenge because of the high salt content and the limited availability of essential microelements such as molybdenum. For cultivation of the halophyte Salicornia as seawater-grown crop, the effect of molybdate application on total yield production and the activities of the two molybdenum containing enzymes, nitrate reductase (NR) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) was investigated. Increasing molybdate levels in the growth medium supplemented with nitrate or ammonium enhanced yield during multiple shoot removal. Similarly, NR and XDH activities were enhanced with increasing molybdate, indicating that the activity of both enzymes may play an important role in facilitating yield accumulation. Notably, XDH activity in the roots was high and the levels of ureides were low, whereas in the shoot tips ureides were higher and XDH activity was lower. Considering that XDH is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the low C/N ratio ureides, these suggest a source–sink relationship between the roots and shoot tips for efficient transport of root-generated ureides to the young growing shoot tips. Our results imply that the supply of molybdenum to Salicornia grown in seawater enhances plant biomass accumulation by increasing the activities of NR and XDH, thereby stimulating a more efficient remobilization of ureides to the newly grown shoot tips after periodic shoot removal.