共和县布鲁氏菌病的血清学调查

2008-2013年间,应用虎红平板凝集试验（RBT）和试管凝集试验（SAT）对共和县奶牛累计检测布鲁氏菌病的血清7004份,检出阳性血清15份,阳性率0.21%,结果表明共和地区奶牛布鲁氏病得到有效控制。布鲁氏菌病（简称布病）,是由布氏杆菌感染引起的慢性接触性人畜共患的传染病,其特征是妊娠母畜发生流产,公畜呈现睾丸炎。该病可造成奶牛不同程度流产,生产性能下降,     

2018-2023年西昌市某奶牛场布鲁氏菌病血清学监测分析

为掌握西昌市某奶牛场布鲁氏菌病流行情况,做好奶牛布鲁氏菌病的防治工作,2018-2023年连续六年对该奶牛场采集血清样本,累计采集2 201份血样,经西昌市动物疫病预防控制中心兽医实验室采用虎红平板凝集试验（RBT）、间接酶联免疫吸附试验（iELISA）进行初筛;运用试管凝集试验（SAT）、竞争酶联免疫吸附试验（c ELISA）进行复核。结果显示,2018-2023年虎红平板凝集试验初筛阳性数分别为5、6、4、8、7、0,初筛阳性率分别为1.5%、1.89%、1.25%、1.96%、1.98%、0;间接酶联免疫吸附试验初筛阳性数分别为4、4、3、8、5、0,初筛阳性率分别为1.20%、1.26%、0.93%、1.96%、1.41%、0;试管凝集（SAT）试验与竞争酶联免疫吸附试验（c ELISA）的复核结果显示,2018、2019年阳性数分别为2和1,阳性数占总群分别为0.60%和0.32%,2020-2023连续四年均为阴性。针对奶牛布鲁氏菌病流行特点及血清学检测结果,制定符合该牛场布鲁氏菌病净化的相应防控措施,以期预防控制奶牛布鲁氏菌病的发生,能够及时发现并淘汰病畜,为奶牛健康生产...     

民和县布鲁氏菌病、结核病监测调查及防治措施

笔者等在2008年6月～2010年7月期间,对民和县10308头奶牛采用牛型结核分枝杆菌PPD皮内变态反应试验,检出阳性病牛54头,阳性率0.524%;采用布鲁氏菌病试管凝集反应试验（SAT）检测奶牛10308头,查处阳性血清23份,阳性率为0.223%;采用虎红平板法和布鲁氏菌病试管凝集反应试验（SAT）试验,检测黄牛1267头、绵羊2351只,结果全部为阴性;布病采用细菌学试验检测奶牛流产胎儿20头份、绵羊测流产胎儿20头份,全部为阴性。从监测调查来看民和县奶牛存在布鲁氏菌病和结核病。本文就＂两病＂监测调查、存在的隐患、问题和综合防治措施提出了自己的看法,并进行了比较深入的探讨。     

共和县布鲁氏菌病的血清学调查

2008—2013年间,应用虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)对共和县4个半农半牧乡镇的8004份奶牛血清,进行布鲁氏菌病检测,检出阳性血清15份,阳性率0.19%,结果表明共和县奶牛布鲁氏病得到有效控制。     

共和县布鲁氏菌病的血清学调查

<正>应用虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)和试管凝集试验(SAT),2008~2016年间对共和县4个半农半牧乡镇的9000份奶牛血清,进行布鲁氏菌病检测,检出阳性血清15份,阳性率0.116%,结果表明共和县奶牛布鲁氏病在近几年得到了有效控制。布鲁氏菌病(以下简称布病),是由布氏杆菌感染引起     

四种凝集试验检测牛布鲁氏菌病血清抗体的比较

牛布鲁氏菌病主要由流产布鲁氏菌引起的传染病,严重危害着养牛业的发展和人类健康。检测牛布鲁氏菌病血清抗体的方法主要有：试管凝集试验（SAT）、H流基乙醇试管凝集试验（ME—SAT）、虎红平板凝集试验（RBPT）、致敏红细胞凝集试验（SRAT）,平板凝集试验,抗球蛋白凝集试验、补体结合试验、琼脂扩散试验、酶联免疫吸附试验等［’3。作者选用了SAT、ME－SAT、RBPT、SRAT等四种简单常用的方法来检测牛布鲁氏菌病血清抗体,并比较了四种方法的检出率、符合率及优缺点,现将试验结果报告如下。l材料和方法1．l血清正．亚．l待…     

改进试管凝集试验法检测布鲁氏菌病抗体

为证实改进的试管凝集试验（SAT）的使用价值,分别用微量试管凝集试验（MSAT）和SAT以国际标准血清为参比检测6份牛布鲁氏菌病阳性血清的抗体效价。结果表明：MSAT和SAT试验结果一致,而且MSAT具有稀释方法更简便、精确,省时省力,可节约血清、抗原等试验原材料,试验结果容易判定,重现性良好等优越性。     

2003～2013年梧州市奶牛主要疫病流行病学调查

本文主要目的是摸清楚梧州市奶牛主要疫病流行情况,在2003～2013年实施持续跟踪监测,通过皮内变态反应试验对监测130场（户）860头奶牛实施奶牛结核病、通过虎红平板凝集试验对125场（户）1039头奶牛实施奶牛布鲁氏菌病监测及通过液相阻断试验对全市7个县22场（户）202头家畜实施A型口蹄疫非免疫抗体监测,从监测数据结果显示奶牛结核病监测阳数逐年下降,表明实施持续监测效果明显,但仍需要持续监测;奶牛布鲁氏菌病血清监测阳性分别在2006年及2013年出现,其余年份均为阴性,表明布鲁氏菌病防控仍然艰巨;2009年监测奶牛、肉牛、羊及猪的A型口蹄疫非免疫抗体监测中发现只有奶牛血清抗体出现阳性,说明对奶牛易受到A型口蹄疫威胁,其余家畜未受到A型口蹄疫威胁.     

庆阳市2009～2013年间布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查

基于分析庆阳市畜间布鲁氏菌病（Brucellosis）流行特征、疫情变化趋势及原因,为制定布鲁氏菌病防治对策提供科学评价依据.按照《动物布鲁氏菌病诊断技术》（GB/T 18646～2002）虎红平板凝集试验（RBPT）和试管凝集试验（SAT）操作方法进行采样和检测.共检测羊、牛、猪、犬血清共计209 864份,检出布病阳性血清1415份,阳性率为0.67％.     

青海海西州地区牛羊布鲁菌氏病监测方案的研究

目的探索适合青海省海西州地区牛、羊布鲁氏菌病的监测方案,净化布鲁氏菌病.利用琥红平板凝集试验(RBPT)、全乳环状试验(MRT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)对1200份牛血清中376份奶牛血清、677份羊血清,以及376份牛奶进行检测.结果RBPT检测1200份牛血清中9份可疑,3份阳性;376份奶牛血清中3份可疑,1份阳性;其他牛6份可疑,2份阳性;677份羊血清中3份可疑.MRT检测376份奶样中5份可疑,1份阳性.SAT重复检测的20份血清中2份为阳性,RBPT与MRT结果的符合率为100%.结论三种检测方法的联合使用适合大样本的进行布鲁氏菌病的监测,为基层布鲁氏菌病的监测方案的研究提供了理论依据.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein