小麦抗叶锈基因的定位及分子标记研究进展

 利用抗病品种是减少小麦叶锈病造成产量损失的最经济有效的方法 ,了解和鉴定常用亲本和推广小麦品种的抗性基因是充分利用小麦对叶锈菌的遗传抗性的前提和首要任务。到目前为止 ,小麦中已发现有近 90个抗叶锈基因 ,其中 5 6个抗叶锈基因被正式命名 ,5 1个被定位 ,2 4个抗病基因被标记。由于叶锈菌的毒性变异造成抗病基因抗性不断“丧失” ,所以持续不断地研究、发现和标记抗叶锈基因是今后育种工作的一项长期而重要的内容     

小麦抗条锈病基因定位及分子标记研究进展

总结了近十几年抗条锈基因的染色体定位和目前抗条锈基因分子标记研究资料及研究报告,重点介绍了抗性基因所在染色体,遗传方式,载体品种和现有分子标记,为利用抗条锈基因(Yr)的利用和研究提供参考。目前已找到分子标记的抗条锈基因有:Yr5、Yr7、Yr8、Yr10、Yr17、Yr26和Yr鄄moro,共获得标记14个,命名和新基因源的研究和利用工作有待加强。     

小麦抗白粉病基因定位及分子标记研究进展

小麦白粉病是我国小麦生产中的重要病害之一,培育抗病品种是防治小麦白粉病最经济有效而又环保的方法。小麦抗白粉病基因的定位及相关分子标记的发现为育种家们提供了便捷,能有效的缩短育种年限。综述了小麦抗白粉病基因染色体的定位和相关分子标记的研究进展,并浅析了分子标记技术在小麦抗白粉病基因定位方面的应用。     

小麦抗条锈病基因分子标记及定位研究进展

条锈病是小麦的主要病害之一,在我国曾多次流行造成小麦严重减产。近年来分子标记技术的迅速发展为小麦抗条锈病基因的研究提供了极大的方便。在抗病育种中应用分子标记辅助选择有利于实现抗条锈病多基因积累,可以加速持久抗病品种的培育进程。本文简要介绍了几种常用的分子标记的概念和方法,并详细介绍了近几年分子标记在小麦抗条锈基因定位的应用现状,展望了DNA分子标记技术在小麦抗条锈病研究中的前景。     

小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr45的AFLP分子标记

 利用AFLP技术对小麦抗叶锈基因Lr45进行了标记，从60对AFLP引物中筛选出2对在亲本及TcLr45×Thatcher F2抗感群体间揭示多态性的引物P-AGG/M-GAG和P-ACA/M-GGT。其扩增片段为261 bp和105 bp，2个标记与Lr45的遗传距离分别为0.6 cM和1.3 cM。测序比较261 bp片段与大麦属Vulgare HotrI基因部分序列同源性达86%，105 bp片段与一粒小麦磷脂酰丝氨酸脱羧酶基因部分序列同源性高达96%。2个测序片段均包含开放阅读框（ORF）序列。     

小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr19 的SSR标记

 选取小麦感叶锈病亲本Thatcher、6个以Thatcher为遗传背景的小麦抗叶锈近等基因系及TcLr19与Thatcher杂交F2代为材料，开展了小麦抗叶锈基因Lr19的微卫星分子标记研究；从13对微卫星引物中筛选出了1对在亲本及TcLr19×Thatcher F2抗感群体间揭示多态性的引物Xgwm44，并获得了1个与小麦抗叶锈基因Lr19紧密连锁的SSR标记Xgwm44139bp，此标记位点与Lr19基因之间的遗传距离为0.9cM。该研究可为分子标记辅助育种及构建遗传图谱、物理图谱和基因克隆奠定了基础。     

小麦成株期抗叶锈病基因研究进展

小麦叶锈病是重要的小麦叶部病害,系由小麦叶锈菌引起的真菌性病害,在世界范围内广泛发生,严重威胁小麦生产.培育抗病品种是防治小麦叶锈病最为有效、经济和环境友好的策略.培育具有持久抗病性的小麦品种是育种家的理想,成株期抗病基因则是培育持久抗病品种的基础.与全生育期抗叶锈病基因相比,成株期抗叶锈病基因研究和应用相对较少,目前...     

小麦抗白粉病基因定位及分子标记辅助育种综述

小麦白粉病是小麦生产的主要病害之一。使用分子标记技术对抗白粉病基因进行定位,并进行标记辅助育种是防治该病的十分经济、有效的措施。到目前为止,小麦基因组中已定名抗白粉病基因33个,其中22个基因位点的28个抗白粉病基因找到了与之紧密连锁的分子标记,其中一些已经应用到标记辅助育种中。对小麦抗白粉病基因染色体定位、来源及其分子标记辅助育种研究现状进行了综述,针对存在的问题提出了解决的方法。     

DNA分子标记与小麦抗性基因定位研究

综述了几种DNA分子标记技术(RFLP,RAPD,SSR,AFLP)在小麦抗性基因定位上的研究进展,并对它们在小麦抗性基因定位中存在的问题进行了探讨。同时比较了基因定位的几种方法,肯定了DNA分子标记在基因定位上的优越性,并就DNA分子标记在小麦辅助育种上的应用作了探讨。     

小麦抗白粉病基因的分子标记及标记辅助育种研究进展

介绍了DNA分子标记的主要种类及优缺点，综述了该项技术在小麦抗白粉病基因分子标记中的鉴定、基因定位、遗传图谱的构建，以及作为辅助选择手段在小麦抗白粉病育种中的应用进展，并分析了存在的问题及解决途径。     

Postulation of seedling leaf rust resistance genes in 84 Chinese winter wheat cultivars

Wheat leaf rust(caused by Puccinia triticina) is one of the most important fungal diseases in China. There are tens of winter wheat cultivars which are approved to be released by the government at a national level and more than 100 wheat cultivars at the provincial level. But there is no information about leaf rust(Lr) genes in these cultivars, which makes it difficult for farmers and breeders to select which cultivars they should plant in their fields and use in their breeding programs. The objective of this paper was to identify the leaf rust resistant genes at seedling stage present in the 84 commercial wheat cultivars from China that have been released in the past few years. A set of 20 near isogenic lines with Thatcher background and 6 lines with known Lr genes were used to test the virulence of 12 races of P. triticina(Pt). By comparing the infection types(ITs) produced on the 84 cultivars by the 12 Pt races with the ITs on the differential sets, the Lr genes were postulated. In addition, 8 molecular markers of Lr genes such as Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr29, which are closely linked to or co-segregated with the Lr gene, were used for further validation of the genes in the 84 Chinese winter wheat cultivars. Twelve Lr genes, including Lr1, Lr3,(Lr3bg),(Lr3ka), Lr11, Lr13, Lr14 a, Lr16, Lr26, Lr27, Lr30 and Lr31 were postulated to be present either singly or in combinations in these Chinese wheat cultivars. Lr3 and Lr26 were detected most often in the tested cultivars, with frequencies of 51.2 and 38.1%, respectively. No wheat Lr genes were detected in 16 cultivars, and 4 cultivars may carry unknown Lr genes other than those used in this study. Lr9, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr25 and Lr29 were not present in any of the 84 tested accessions.     

小麦抗叶锈基因Lr37 ISSR分子标记的初步研究

利用ISSR(内部简单重复序列)技术对感病品种Thatcher及20个以Thatcher为轮回亲本的小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系进行分析,找到1个与Lr37基因连锁的ISSR标记。经过多次重复发现,在一套ISSR引物中,引物UBC812在小麦抗叶锈基因Lr37近等基因系间表现多态性。当用这个引物对已知含Lr37基因的3个抗病材料及其它不含Lr37基因的感病材料进行检测时,多态性标记UBC812-1200可以从3个含Lr37基因的抗病材料中检测到1条1200bp的多态性带,而在其它感病材料中均未出现。     

小麦抗叶锈基因Lr44的AFLP分子标记

利用AFLP技术借助于小麦抗叶锈近等基因系和TcLr44×ThatcherF2代分离群体材料,获得4个Lr44的分子标记,分别为Paag:Mcta300,Paac:Mcgt85,Paag:Mcta395和Paac:Mcgt90,与目的基因的遗传距离分别为0 01cM、1 1cM、3cM、2 2cM和2 8cM,为分子辅助育种、构建密集的遗传图谱、克隆Lr44以及研究基因编码特性等奠定基础。     

Molecular mapping of leaf rust resistance genes in the wheat line Yu 356-9

The Chinese wheat line Yu 356-9 exhibits a high level of resistance to leaf rust. In order to decipher the genetic base of resistance in Yu 356-9, gene postulation, inheritance analyses, and chromosome linkage mapping were carried out. Gene postulation completed using 15 leaf rust pathotypes and 36 isogenic lines indicated that Yu 356-9 was resistant to all pathotypes tested. F1 and F2 plants from the cross Yu 356-9(resistant)/Zhengzhou 5389(susceptible) were tested with leaf rust pathotype "FHNQ" in the greenhouse. Results indicated a 3:1 segregation ratio, indicative of the presence of a single dominant leaf rust resistance gene in Yu 356-9 which was temporarily designated as Lr Yu. Bulk segregant analysis and molecular marker assays were used to map Lr Yu. Five simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers on chromosome 2BS were found closely linked to Lr Yu. Among these markers, Xwmc770 is the most closely linked, with a genetic distance of 5.7 c M.     

小麦抗条锈基因聚合及抗条中32号基因分子标记筛选

【目的】通过多基因聚合创制小麦抗条锈病新种质,并筛选小麦抗条中32号小种基因的RAPD标记。【方法】用分别抗条中32号、31号小种和水源14号小种的花育888-5、西农1376和212 3个育种材料进行杂交、复交,并花培纯合,对来自3个抗条锈育种材料的不同抗性基因进行聚合,建立DH系。用115条随机引物对该DH群体中抗条中32号小种基因进行RAPD标记分析。【结果】通过基因聚合,获得抗条中31号和32号小种的材料6个,占总材料的7.32%;抗条中31号和水源14号小种的材料6个,占总材料的7.32%;抗条中32号和水源14号小种的材料1个,占总材料的1.22%;未获得对3个供试小种均有抗性的DH材料。引物S20扩增出670 bp的多态性片段,该特异条带重复性强,S20可作为小麦抗条中32号小种基因的特异标记。【结论】创制了聚合2个抗条锈流行小种基因的抗条锈新种质13个。与抗条中32号小种基因紧密连锁的特异RAPD标记为S20。     

Identification of leaf rust resistance genes in common wheat varieties from China and foreign countries

Wheat leaf rust, triggered by Puccinia triticina Eriks(Pt), is among the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Deploying resistant varieties against leaf rust is the most effective, environmentally-friendly and economic way to control the disease. In the present study, 66 wheat varieties form China and foreign countries were tested with 17 Pt races for gene postulation during the seedling stage in the greenhouse. All the varieties were also planted to identify slow rusting responses to leaf rust at the adult plant stage in Baoding and Zhoukou field trials during the 2016/2017 to 2017/2018 cropping seasons. Moreover, 12 closely linked molecular markers to known leaf rust resistance(Lr) genes were used for assessing all the varieties. The results of both gene postulation and molecular marker identification showed that a total of eight Lr genes, Lr1, Lr10, Lr17, Lr20, Lr26, Lr34, Lr37 and Lr46, either singly or in combination were detected in 32 varieties. Known Lr genes were not identified in the remaining 34 varieties. Seventeen varieties were found to have slow rusting resistance. The resistance sources identified in this study can be used as resources for resistance against leaf rust in wheat breeding programs in China and the respective foreign countries.     

17个粗山羊草品种(系)抗叶锈基因的鉴定

为鉴定17个粗山羊草品种(系)中可能含有的抗叶锈病基因,用10株具有不同毒力的小麦叶锈菌混合菌对17个粗山羊草品种进行成株期抗叶锈性鉴定,筛选出7个在田间对叶锈菌有抗性的材料。用抗叶锈基因Lr1、Lr9、Lr19、Lr21、Lr24、Lr28、Lr29和Lr34的STS、SCAR或CAPS标记对这些品种进行分子辅助鉴定。初步明确粗山羊草CN40033和CN30823中可能含有Lr1基因;CN42471中可能含有Lr9基因;CN30942中可能含有Lr21;供试的17个粗山羊草品种中都不含有Lr19、Lr24、Lr28、Lr29和Lr34。     

DNA分子标记在小麦抗条锈病基因研究中的应用概述

DNA分子标记直接反映生物在DNA水平上的遗传多态性,是抗病基因研究中最准确、有效的方法。文中概述了DNA分子标记技术的主要原理、方法、特点以及在小麦抗条锈病基因研究中的应用,对小麦抗条锈病基因研究中存在的问题进行了分析探讨,并对抗条锈病基因研究进行展望。     

小麦品种‘武农148’和‘西农928’的抗叶锈病基因分析

本研究选用9个小麦叶锈菌菌系接种36个已知基因载体品种(系)、‘武农148’和‘西农928’进行抗叶锈基因苗期推导分析,在2014—2015和2015—2016连续两年两点对其进行成株抗叶锈性鉴定并结合苗期抗叶锈基因推导与系谱分析;利用9个与已知抗病基因紧密连锁的特异性标记进行标记检测,从而得出供试材料的抗性和携带的抗病基因。结果表明,‘西农928’中可能携带抗病基因Lr30、Lr42和携带有未知微效抗病基因,所检测的2个品种均不含抗病基因Lr1、Lr9、Lr10、Lr19、Lr20、Lr24、Lr26、Lr34和Lr46。针对西农928中含有的抗叶锈病基因,可作为小麦抗锈病育种中的抗源材料。