2021年山东省家禽养殖场生物安全水平问卷调查

为了解山东省家禽养殖场的生物安全水平,以问卷调查方式,对养殖场基本信息、场内区域划分、免疫接种、引种购进、消毒、饲养管理等问题展开调查。经预调查后,2021年6—7月在全省范围内开展本次调查。在全省16个地级市,采用随机抽样方式,每地级市抽检1~2个县(市、区);应用配额采样方式,在县市域内选取蛋鸡养殖场、肉鸡养殖场以及种禽场各1家。共收到有效问卷141份,分别来自12个地级市36个县(市、区),其中来自蛋鸡养殖场、肉鸡养殖场和种禽场占比分别为63.83%、26.95%和9.22%。所调查养殖场中,按照管理区、生产区、生活区进行区域划分的133家,一半以上的养殖场能做到每周至少消毒1次;137家养殖场有免疫计划,而无免疫计划的只有4家,包括蛋鸡场1家、肉鸡场3家。肉鸡场没有隔离场所的占比最高,达44.7%。106家养殖场对患病动物进行无害化处理。结果表明,所调查家禽养殖场在区域划分、区域管理、消毒管理、环境控制等生物安全方面都进行了相关的设计和应用,在一定程度上,能够起到预防致病因子侵入、阻挡病原微生物扩散的作用,但不同类型养殖场的生物安全水平并不均衡,因此养殖场需继续提高生物安全意识,逐步建立适用于本场的生物安全体系。     

Vitamin E,selenium and polyunsaturated fatty acids in clinically normal grower (9–16 week old) pigs and their feed: their relationship to the vitamin E/selenium deficiency (“VESD”) syndrome

Vitamin E, selenium and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were determined in feed used at three piggeries over a four-week period and compared with corresponding concentrations in clinically normal grower pigs at slaughter. Mean values were vitamin E: 59 IU/kg (feed), 6 μmol/kg (liver), 1.7 μmol/1 (serum); and selenium: 310 μg/kg (feed), 5200 nmol/kg (liver), 1700 nmol/1 (blood). Alpha-tocopherol accounted for 80% of the mean vitamin E activity in the feed and over 95% that in the liver and serum. The mean ratio of PUFA to total fatty acid (FA) in the feed (38%) was similar to that in the serum (36%) and liver (39%), but the ratio of peroxidisable PUFA (PPUFA) to FA increased from 1.7% in the feed to 4.2% in the serum and 10.8% in the liver. The ratio of α-tocopherol (mmol) to PPUFA (mol) in the liver varied from 0.16 to 0.48. The relationship of these data to the “VESD” syndrome is discussed in the light of other published data.     

奶牛养殖场生物安全体系建设的现状、问题及对策

奶牛养殖场生物安全体系关系着奶牛生产中动物疫病防控、畜产品质量安全和公共卫生安全,由于养殖企业管理水平参差不齐、国内标准规范不统一、没有国家强制性规定等问题,目前国内尚无一套系统、完善的奶牛养殖场生物安全体系建设规范。论文全面分析了目前我国奶牛养殖场生物安全体系建设的现状及存在的问题,就体系建设所涉及的基础设施建设、人员配置、种源管理、饲养管理、防疫管理、牛奶质量可追溯体系、无害化处理、动物福利等要素,提出了系统的针对性建议和对策,旨在为进一步规范我国奶牛养殖场生物安全体系建设提供依据。     

口蹄疫的特点以及规模化猪场生物安全体系构建

近年来,猪的口蹄疫疫情时有发生,面对具有高度传染性的疫病,尤其在国内规模化、集约化的养殖场中,一旦发生疫情不利于控制,极易造成疫情大范围暴发,因此采取必要的预防和控制措施仍然是关键所在.本文以口蹄疫为例,简述口蹄疫的特点,并通过选址与布局、生产管理、可移动风险和疫病防控等4个方面,阐明构建猪场生物安全体系是防控疫病的重...     

Hypertriglyceridaemic insulin-resistant obese dog model: effects of high-fat diet depending on age

In humans, obesity is closely associated with insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidaemia. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of age on metabolic disturbances related to obesity in dogs ( n  = 25). Three age-groups of dogs (puppies, young adults and mature adults) were overfed to induce obesity, and body composition, insulin sensitivity index (I_IS) (euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp) and plasma lipids were measured. Fat mass was similar in the three obese groups (30 ± 1% in puppies, 34 ± 1% in young adults and 39 ± 1% in mature adults). In mature adults, body weight (BW) increased (+45%, p < 0.001) and I_IS decreased (−60%, p < 0.001) over 22 weeks. In young adults, BW gain was similar but slower (60 weeks) and I_IS decreased to a lesser extent (−49%, p < 0.001). Overfed puppies weighed 30% more (p < 0.01) than normally-fed control puppies, but there was no change in I_IS. Unlike young and mature adults, obese puppies did not exhibit significant changes in triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acid concentrations. In conclusion, as in humans, obese dogs develop IR that is associated with high TG levels; however, younger animals may be better able to balance energy needs with energy consumption.     

Availability, brands, labelling and salmonella contamination of raw pet food in the minneapolis/st. Paul area

The purpose of the study was to characterize the commercially available raw meat pet food diets in the Minneapolis/St. Paul area by (i) determining the number and types of available diets; (ii) assessing pet food stores and brand labels for the provision of precautionary statements regarding the risk of foodborne illness from raw meat; (ii) assessing the labels for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) required content and nutrient-related information; and (iv) culturing purchased diets for the presence of Salmonella. Sixty raw meat diets were purchased, representing 11 different brands from eight different stores. Diets were readily available in the form of raw-frozen, dehydrated or freeze-dried varieties from different protein sources, such as lamb, beef, chicken or duck. All stores promoted raw meat diets; however, none provided foodborne illness warnings. Brands varied greatly in their precautionary statements; none of the diets underwent feeding trials; and nutritional adequacy substantiation was through formulation only. The first five ingredients tended to consist of meat, organ meat (by-products), vegetables, grains and ground bones. Currently, it is required that pet foods have an AAFCO nutritional adequacy statement and provide a guaranteed analysis table. Three brands did not meet these FDA requirements. Thirty-one (51.7%) of the 60 raw meat diets underwent some degree of processing including dehydration, freeze-drying or high-pressure pasteurization. Four of the 60 raw diets (7%) tested positive for Salmonella. Analysis of raw meat pet food labels indicated a lack of foodborne illness warnings. Based on these findings, we recommend that warning statements similar to those required by the United States Department of Agriculture and placed on labels of raw meat intended for human consumption be provided on the labels of raw meat pet food diets.     

肉鸡秋冬季节饲养管理

肉鸡养殖规模不断扩大,养殖风险也越来越大。北方冬季外界气温较低,湿度小,给肉鸡饲养管理带来挑战,需针对气候特点减少应激,提高养殖效益,该文论述秋冬季节肉鸡饲养管理注意事项。