基于中医理论的草原健康评价及病情诊断

以中医理论“阴阳表里相关及五行学说”为理论基础,通过探究制约草地生态系统各要素的系统归属性及表里相关性,建立表里相关的指标体系,确立草地生态系统中阴阳五行之所在及其相生相克机制、形成原因和经络运行模式。从系统论出发,通过综合症状、分析病理等对草地生态系统健康状况进行预警,以确定诊断的方法达到治疗目的,使草地健康状况的评估直观而准确,为快速评估草地生态系统健康状况和退化草地的修复治理提供理论依据。     

Evaluation of a point-of-care hematology analyzer for use in dogs and cats receiving chemotherapeutic treatment

OBJECTIVE: To compare WBC, neutrophil, and platelet counts and Hct values obtained with a point-of-care hematology analyzer with values obtained by a reference method for dogs and cats receiving chemotherapy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS:105 dogs and 25 cats undergoing chemotherapy. PROCEDURES:Blood samples were analyzed with a point-of-care hematology analyzer and with an impedance- and laser-based analyzer with manual differential WBC counts. Results for WBC, neutrophil, and platelet counts and Hct were compared. Sensitivity and specificity of the point-of-care analyzer to detect leukopenia, neutropenia, and anemia were calculated. RESULTS: 554 canine and 96 feline blood samples were evaluated. Correlation coefficients for dogs and cats, respectively, were 0.92 and 0.95 for total WBC count, 0.91 and 0.88 for neutrophil count, 0.95 and 0.92 for Hct, and 0.93 and 0.71 for platelet count. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of the point-of-care analyzer to detect leukopenia were 100% and 75% for dogs and 100% and 68% for cats; to detect neutropenia were 80% and 97% for dogs and 100% and 80% for cats; to detect anemia were 100% and 80% for dogs and 100% and 66% for cats; and to detect thrombocytopenia were 86% and 95% for dogs and 50% and 87% for cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:The point-of-care analyzer was reliable for monitoring CBCs of dogs and cats receiving chemotherapy. It had good to excellent correlation for WBC and neutrophil counts and Hct and accurately detected leukopenia, neutropenia, and anemia. Sensitivity of the analyzer for detecting thrombocytopenia was lower but acceptable.     

Management, feeding, production, reproduction and udder health on organic and conventional Swiss dairy farms

Organic dairy farms (OP; n=60) and conventional dairy farms (integrated production, IP; n=60), matched in size, location, and agricultural zone (altitude), were studied for possible differences in management, feeding, production, reproduction and udder health. OP and IP farms were similar in size (17.7 and 16.9 ha), milk quota (65900 and 70,000 kg/year), cow number (14 and 15), cow age (5.3 and 5.2 years), housing of cows of the Simmental x Red Holstein or Holstein breeds (87 and 75%; 45 and 60%), but differed significantly with respect to loose housing systems (18 and 7%), outside paddocks (98 and 75%), energy-corrected 305-d milk yield (5,695 and 6,059 kg), milk protein content (31.8 and 32.7 g/kg), use of bucket milking systems (73 and 33%), observance of regular (12-h) milking intervals (47 and 68%), routine application of the California-Mastitis-Test (10 and 28%), teat dipping after milking (25 and 43%) and blanket dry cow treatments (0 and 45%). Milk somatic cell counts on OP and IP farms (119 000 and 117,000/mL) and reproduction data were similar and there were no significant differences between OP and IP farms as concerns available feeds, planning and management of feeding. Alternative veterinary treatments were used more often on OP than IP farms (55 and 17%). Main causes for cow replacements on OP and IP farms were fertility disorders (both 45%), age (40 and 42%), sale (30 and 37%) and udder health (35 and 13%).Between OP and IP Swiss dairy farms thus relatively few larger differences were found.     

椪柑果实品质因树龄的变化及其与叶片-土壤养分含量的关系

研究选择树龄依次为5、8、13和18年椪柑（Citrus reticulate Blanco ?Poncirus trifoliate）为对象,测定、分析椪柑果实品质及叶片养分含量、对应的土壤养分性状,旨在揭示椪柑果实品质随树龄的变化及其与叶片-土壤养分关系。结果表明,5至8年树龄椪柑果实单果重大且果形偏扁;13年树龄椪柑果实单果重小且果形偏圆;18年树龄椪柑果实单果重大且果形偏扁,果实可溶性固形物含量（10.72%）低,可滴定酸含量（1.02%）高,固酸比（10.70）低。随着树龄延长,叶片N和P含量先降低后升高,Zn含量先升高后降低,K、Mg和Mn含量上升,Ca和B含量下降。椪柑果实可溶性固形物与叶片Ca/K、Ca/Mg、Ca/Mn、Ca/(K Mg)、Ca/(Mn＋Fe)、Zn/(Mn＋Fe)呈显著正相关;可滴定酸含量与叶片Ca/K、Ca/Mn、Ca/(K Mg)呈显著负相关。结果显示,较长树龄椪柑果实可溶性固形物含量低、可滴定酸含量高与叶片低Ca、Zn含量和高K、Mg、Mn含量有关。     

后非时代中小型猪场和散养户复养技术指导

中小型猪场和散养户在我国生猪养殖行业占据重要地位。面对非洲猪瘟带来的猪肉市场严重失调的情况,中小型猪场和散养户生猪复养迫在眉睫。文章通过对中小型猪场和散养户目前的现状以及重要地位的简要分析,总结复养过程存在的雷区和难点,对其复养步骤做出指导性的建议。再通过分析非洲猪瘟防控案例,明确了非洲猪瘟的可防可控性。为中小型猪场和散养户提供了可行性的防控技巧,提高中小型猪场和散养户复养的成功率和积极性。     

干旱区黑河流域山地-绿洲-荒漠草畜耦合及其应用研究--以黑河流域中游段的临泽示范区研究为例

通过对干旱区黑河流域山地-绿洲-荒漠生态系统中草畜业发展现状及问题的认识和研究,就区域草畜耦合相关的理论及其应用方面,如耦合的目的、意义及必要性;舍饲的养畜育肥耦合机制的基础、条件、途径、形式;草畜生产特点及特色;草畜耦合机制的基本模式;草畜耦合的发展演变预测及成效体现;影响耦合发展演变的相关问题等,进行了系统的探讨和阐述.以期为本区草畜业和区域社会经济生态及环境资源的可持续稳定发展,提供有利的科学依据.     

三探草坪的起源、演化及其概念——几种外文、外语“草坪”一词及其他

初步发掘、整理了英、德、拉丁、俄、日等五种文字、语言中草坪一词内积淀的有关草坪起源与演化的信息。三证草坪草的分化 ,草坪的起源与早期演化均属自然。人类活动于草坪中 ,认识、利用和发展了草坪 ,可以劲直、也可以曲折。人类利用草坪的方式 ,无论中、外大致相同 ,利用的水平与社会整体发展的水平大体相应。草坪由草地分化发育 ,是草地的一个特殊类型。     

优化饲养管理方式提升养猪生产效益

文章从优化生猪饲养管理方式,提升养猪生产效益角度,对我国现行的散养及生态养殖方式、一般舍饲方式和工厂化集约养殖方式进行了系统总结和分析,对它们的适用条件和特点进行了讨论。重点阐述了生猪饲养的信息化管理、标准化管理和生物安全管理的意义、概念和具体内容。提出了秉持因地制宜、资源匹配、多元化发展的原则,依据养殖品种、当地饲料条件和采用的猪场类型等因素的不同,分类优化饲养方式,全面提升我国养猪生产发展的综合水平和效益的建议。     

海晏县沼泽草场牛羊放牧情况及同盘吸虫感染调查

为了解海晏县沼泽草场放牧牛羊及同盘吸虫感染等情况而进行了本调查,结果为：沼泽草场放牧户占到全县总放牧户数的9.27%,放牧牛羊分别占到全县牛羊总数的10.93%和12.65%。77.78%的沼泽草场放牧户牛羊感染同盘吸虫,而牛群和羊群同盘吸虫感染率分别达到了59.26%和48.15%;牛羊群体混合感染率40.74%;牛羊个体同盘吸虫感染率分别为14.83%和17.04%。结果还表明专业技术人员等对同盘吸虫病了解不足,区域间感染率差别较大,牛羊感染率有上升的趋势,证明现在使用的驱除药物对同盘吸虫虫卵阳性率降低很不理想,今后对本病的预防知识普及宣传及技术培训、驱除药物研制和筛选、湿地椎实螺的防治十分迫切。     

鲁东南地区不同年龄紫花苜蓿N、P生态化学计量特征研究

为了探索鲁东南地区不同年龄紫花苜蓿在不同茬次下化学计量特征存在怎样的差异,本试验通过测定与分析不同年龄(2、3、4、5龄)紫花苜蓿叶和茎的N、P含量及化学计量比,研究了年龄及茬次对紫花苜蓿化学计量特征的影响。结果表明,不同茬次内,苜蓿叶和茎的N、P含量随年龄的变化趋势不同,但总体上3龄苜蓿叶和茎的N、P含量高于其他年龄;每茬时,4龄苜蓿叶和茎N∶P均显著高于其他年龄(P<0.05),3龄苜蓿叶和茎N∶P均低于其他年龄。4个年龄苜蓿叶和茎N、P含量随茬次呈先增加后减少的趋势,并在第3茬达到最大值(除3龄苜蓿茎的N含量);2龄和4龄苜蓿叶N∶P随茬次呈先降低后增加的趋势;苜蓿茎N∶P随茬次呈先降低再增加的变化趋势(除5龄),并均在第4茬时达到最低值;苜蓿年龄和茬次的变化均能显著影响苜蓿叶和茎的N、P含量及N∶P;苜蓿叶和茎的N含量与N∶P基本呈正相关,苜蓿叶和茎的P含量与N∶P基本呈负相关。随着年龄的增加,苜蓿由主要受N限制向主要受P限制转变。     

Genetic parameters and relationships between hip height and weight in Brahman cattle

Genetic parameters for weaning hip height (WHH), weaning weight (WWT), postweaning hip height growth (PHG), and hip height at 18 mo of age (HH18) and their relationships were estimated for Brahman cattle born from 1984 to 1994 at the Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, Brooksville, FL. Records per trait were 889 WHH, 892 WWT, and 684 HH18. (Co)variances were estimated using REML with a derivative-free algorithm and fitting three two-trait animal models (i.e., WHH-WWT, WHH-PHG, and WWT-HH18). Heritability estimates of WHH direct effects were 0.73 and 0.65 for models WHH-WWT and WHH-PHG and were 0.29 and 0.33 for WWT direct for models WHH-WWT and WWT-HH18, respectively. Estimates of heritability for PHG and HH18 direct were 0.13 and 0.87, respectively. Heritability estimates for maternal effects were 0.10 and 0.09 for WHH for models WHH-WWT and WHH-PHG and 0.18 and 0.18 for WWT for models WHH-WWT and WWT-HH18, respectively. Heritability estimates for PHG and HH18 maternal were 0.00 and 0.03. Estimates of the genetic correlation between direct effects for the different traits were moderate and positive; they were also positive between WHH and WWT maternal and WWT and HH18 maternal but negative (-0.19) between WHH and PHG maternal, which may indicate the existence of compensatory growth. Negative genetic correlations existed between direct and maternal effects for WHH, WWT, PHG, and HH18. The correlation between direct and WWT maternal effects was low and negative, moderate and negative between WHH direct and PHG maternal, and high and negative (-0.80) between WWT direct and HH18 maternal. There is a strong genetic relationship between hip height and weight at weaning that also affects hip height at 18 mo of age. Both product-moment and rank correlations between estimated breeding values (EBV) for direct values indicate that almost all of the same animals would be selected for PHG EBV if the selection criterion used was WHH EBV, and that it is possible to accomplish a preliminary selection for HH18 EBV using WHH EBV. Correlations between breeding values for WHH, WWT, and HH18 indicate that it will be possible to identify animals that will reduce, maintain, or increase hip height while weaning weight is increased. Thus, if the breeding objective is to manipulate growth to 18 mo of age, implementation of multiple-trait breeding programs considering hip height and weight at weaning will help to predict hip height at 18 mo of age.     

基于文献计量的“十三五”国家重点研发计划“畜禽专项”研究进展与热点趋势分析

“十三五”国家重点研发计划设立“畜禽重大疫病防控与高效安全养殖综合技术研发”重点专项（以下简称“畜禽专项”），在动物疫病防控、高效安全养殖、养殖环境处理等方面进行布局，对畜牧兽医领域科技创新研究进行了支持，按照基础研究、重点关键技术研发、集成示范进行“全链条设计、一体化实施”设计，破解我国畜禽养殖业的重要基础理论和技术瓶颈问题。本文基于文献计量的方法，对“畜禽专项”实施期间发表的论文进行统计分析，以掌握专项在基础研究与前沿理论方面的研究进展，分析研究热点，并结合“十四五”畜牧兽医相关专项的布局，讨论畜牧兽医领域未来的重点研究方向和发展趋势。研究结果表明，“畜禽专项”资助论文在新冠病毒（COVID-19）、寨卡病毒（Zika Virus）和非洲猪瘟（African Swine Fever）等重大动物疫病和人兽共患病基础研究领域获得突破性研究成果；涉农高校和科研院所合作紧密，做出了较大贡献；国际合作除了美国等发达国家，与“一带一路”相关的巴基斯坦、埃及等发展中国家合作紧密，与发达国家科研团队合作发表高质量论文的几率明显增加；研究热点主要集中在流行病学、病原复制与进化、耐药性、病原与宿主互作机制、免疫与致病机制、跨种传播等方面的研究。“畜禽专项”聚焦畜禽重大疫病防控与高效安全养殖研究方向，在重大基础理论方面获得重要研究进展，支撑了关键核心技术研究和应用示范推广。“十四五”国家重点研发计划畜牧兽医领域专项将在畜禽种业自主创新、动物疫病综合防控与净化根除、营养调控与高效养殖、废弃物资源化利用与绿色养殖、养殖装备与智能养殖等方向进行全面布局。     

ASVCP quality assurance guidelines: control of preanalytical and analytical factors for hematology for mammalian and nonmammalian species, hemostasis, and crossmatching in veterinary laboratories

In December 2009, the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards committee published the updated and peer-reviewed ASVCP Quality Assurance Guidelines on the Society's website. These guidelines are intended for use by veterinary diagnostic laboratories and veterinary research laboratories that are not covered by the US Food and Drug Administration Good Laboratory Practice standards (Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Chapter 58). The guidelines have been divided into 3 reports: (1) general analytical factors for veterinary laboratory performance and comparisons; (2) hematology, hemostasis, and crossmatching; and (3) clinical chemistry, cytology, and urinalysis. This particular report is one of 3 reports and provides recommendations for control of preanalytical and analytical factors related to hematology for mammalian and nonmammalian species, hemostasis testing, and crossmatching and is adapted from sections 1.1 and 2.3 (mammalian hematology), 1.2 and 2.4 (nonmammalian hematology), 1.5 and 2.7 (hemostasis testing), and 1.6 and 2.8 (crossmatching) of the complete guidelines. These guidelines are not intended to be all-inclusive; rather, they provide minimal guidelines for quality assurance and quality control for veterinary laboratory testing and a basis for laboratories to assess their current practices, determine areas for improvement, and guide continuing professional development and education efforts.     

哺乳动物配子冷冻保存并应用于珍稀濒危动物保护的技术策略

配子（精子和卵子）冷冻保存是将配子在超低温条件下冷冻,可进行优秀家畜个体和珍稀濒危动物种质资源的长期保存。配子冷冻是珍稀濒危动物种质资源保护、保存和利用的一项重要内容,也是动物种质资源库建设的一项关键技术。本文对国内外精子和卵母细胞冷冻保存利用技术的研究现状进行了详细论述,同时介绍了配子冷冻-解冻后的损伤评估研究,提出了未来我国在濒危珍稀动物配子冷冻保存方面的应用策略和保种建议,以期为我国家畜生物种质资源库建设、家畜种质资源保护和开发利用以及珍稀濒危动物保护提供参考。     

Genetic correlations among fatty acid compositions in different sites of fat tissues, meat production, and meat quality traits in Duroc pigs

This study estimated genetic parameters for fatty acids of different sites of fat tissue, meat production, and meat quality traits of Duroc pigs selected during 7 generations for ADG, LM area, backfat thickness (BF), and intramuscular fat (IMF). For this study, 394 barrows and 153 gilts were slaughtered at 105 kg of BW. High heritabilities for C18:0 of outer and inner subcutaneous fat tissue were estimated, respectively, as 0.54 and 0.51; those of intermuscular and intramuscular fat were 0.40 and 0.51, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlations of ADG and BF with saturated fatty acids of outer and inner subcutaneous fat were positive, but those with C16:1 and C18:2 were negative, and those with C18:1 were nearly zero. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between LM area and respective fatty acids showed opposite results. Respective genetic and phenotypic correlations of melting points with C18:0 and C18:1 were positive and high, and negative and high, respectively. Genetic correlations between cooking loss and SFA (C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) of IMF were positive and moderate: 0.56, 0.47, and 0.47, respectively. On the other hand, monosaturated fatty acid of C18:1 was highly and negatively correlated with cooking loss (-0.61). Moreover, high genetic correlation between meat color (pork color standard and lightness) and fatty acid compositions of IMF suggest that the SFA (C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) were correlated genetically with meat lightness and that unsaturated fatty acid compositions (C18:1 and C18:2) were correlated with meat darkness. Results of this study suggest that the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue is correlated genetically with meat production and meat quality traits.     

两种酶制剂与三种益生菌协同对种鸭生产性能的影响

本研究旨在探究酶和益生菌对不同周龄种鸭生产性能的影响。选取33周龄和70周龄樱桃谷肉种鸭各4棚,设置酶加益生菌制剂组(菌酶复合组)、酶制剂组、菌制剂组、对照组共4组。前三组按照500 g/t的剂量分别加入酶加益生菌制剂、酶制剂、菌制剂,对照组饲喂基础饲粮。饲喂周期46 d。统计各组种蛋的平均蛋重、可孵率、正品率、破蛋率、无精蛋率、孵化率。试验结果表明,1)蛋重:不同周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组差异不显著(P<0.05),与菌剂组和对照组均有明显差异(P<0.05)。2)可孵率、无精蛋率:不同周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组和菌剂组无显著差异(P>0.05),与对照组均有明显差异(P<0.05)。3)正品率:70周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组无明显差异(P>0.05),与菌剂组和对照组均有明显差异(P<0.05);33周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组、菌剂组和对照组均无明显差异(P>0.05)。4)破蛋率:不同周龄菌酶复合组与菌剂组无明显差异(P>0.05),与酶剂组和对照组均有明显差异(P<0.05)。5)无精蛋率:不同周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组、菌剂组均无显著差异(P>0.05),与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。6)孵化率:70周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组、菌剂组均无显著差异(P>0.05),与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);33周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组无显著差异(P>0.05),与菌剂组和对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。上述研究结果表明:酶与益生菌联合应用能够有效的延缓高周龄种鸭生产性能的衰退,同时还能够促进低周龄种鸭生产性能的升高。     

当前国际草田耕作面临的威胁及采取对策

草田是人类和动物等的食物资源和栖息环境,具有涵养水源、保护生态多样性、减缓气候变化和维持地区可持续发展等作用。目前气候变化、人口增加、水资源和能源资源短缺等对国际草田资源带来严重威胁。为了提高土地生产力,养活不断增加的人口,近几十年大部分国家将半自然状态草地转变农耕地,农耕地管理引起动生物多样性降低和植物群落栖息环境碎片化、退化和消失等。如果国际草田实施粮草轮作、粮草畜协同发展、科学放牧和饲养管理、粮草同等种植优惠政策等,不仅可以提高土地生产力,而且有利于保护生态环境和人类生存可持续发展。     

如皋鸡血浆酶活力及其与体重的相关性研究

为了研究如皋鸡血浆酶活力及其与体重的相关性,试验测定了如皋鸡2、4、6、8、10、12周龄体重及血浆LDH、HBDH、MAO、MDH、CK、5′-NT、ALT、ADA、ALP、ICDH的活力。结果表明:①2周龄体重与LDH、HBDH、MDH、CK相关极显著(P<0.01),8周龄体重与LDH、HBDH呈显著负相关(P<0.05),12周龄体重与ICDH相关极显著(P<0.01)。②周龄间,体重与5′-NT、ALP呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。③除5′-NT为中等遗传力外,LDH、HBDH、MAO、MDH、CK、ALT、ADA、ALP、ICDH均为高遗传力。④周龄内,血浆LDH与HBDH、MAO、MDH、CK,HBDH与MAO、MDH,MAO与MDH,CK与HBDH、MDH,ALP与5′-NT的偏相关程度较高。⑤周龄间,LDH与HBDH、MAO、MDH、CK、5′-NT、ALP,HBDH与MAO、MDH、5′-NT、ALP,MAO与MDH,CK与HBDH、MDH、ALP,ALT与ICDH,ALP与5′-NT间相关系数达到显著(P<0.05)或极显著水平(P<0.01)。因此,血浆酶活力的相关研究可以为体重等性状的选择提供理论依据。     

Role of uteroferrin in placental iron transport in swine: relationship between uteroferrin levels and iron deposition in the conceptus during gestation

This study was to examine the relationship between uteroferrin and Fe, and Fe and Cu in the fetal pig. In Exp. 1, conceptus tissues and fluids were obtained on d 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 of gestation for Fe and Cu analyses. In fetus minus liver, total Fe and Cu increased constantly between d 30 and 90, but Fe and Cu concentrations (microgram/g dry tissue) both decreased between d 30 and 45 and then remained relatively constant to d 90. For fetal liver, total Fe increased from d 30 (27 micrograms) to d 90 (3,222 micrograms), as did total Cu (14 micrograms on d 30 to 960 micrograms on d 90). Fetal liver Fe concentration (microgram/g dry tissue) decreased from d 30 (1,021) to d 60 (472) and then increased to d 90 (1,082), whereas Cu concentration increased between d 30 (537) and 60 (830) and then decreased between d 60 (471) and 90 (329). In allantoic fluid, both total Fe and Cu increased between d 30 and 60 and then decreased to d 90. Data from this study indicated a close temporal relationship between Fe and Cu in the fetal tissues and fluids examined. In Exp. 2, the relationship between Fe and uteroferrin in fetal tissues and fluids was studied. Uteroferrin, measured indirectly by acid phosphatase activity and Fe in fetal tissues and fluid underwent closely related temporal changes between d 30 and 112 of gestation. Changes in total Fe and Fe concentration during gestation were similar to those described for Exp. 1 in fetus minus liver, fetal liver and allantoic fluid. In addition, total Fe and Fe concentration in placental and endometrial tissues were analyzed. It was concluded that uteroferrin provides a major source of Fe in endometrial secretion and that it may be stored in placental and endometrial tissues. The relationship between Fe and Cu in conceptus tissues and erythropoiesis also is discussed.     

Study on the Isozyme Variability and Activity of Protein/Enzymes from Gosling Blood Infected with Goose Parvovirus

In order to understand the pathogenesis of GPV (goose parvovirus),and explore the molecular variation of protein/enzyme,the protein,protective enzymes (Est,POD,SOD,protease) and isozyme from goslings blood infected with GPV were analyzed by biochemistry and molecular biology.The results showed that the activity of protease,content of protein,the activities of POD,SOD and Est (in plasma and blood corpuscle) from goslings infected with GPV were 1.46 and 1.63,1.51 and 1.49,1.50 and 1.14,1.36 and 1.73,1.30 and 1.53 times than that of control group,respectively.In the plasma of goslings infected with GPV,2 bands (134 and 239) of SOD isozyme appeared,2 fast-zone enzyme band appeared and 2 slow-zone enzyme band deleted in Est isozyme,1 slow-zone zymoprotein band (304) deleted and 4 new main protein bands (131,86,43 and 33 ku) appeared.In the blood corpuscle of goslings infected with GPV,2 new enzyme bands (93 and 203) of POD isozyme,1 medium-zone enzyme band (160) of SOD isozyme,1 fast-zone enzyme band of Est isozyme,2 slow-zone zymoprotein band (223 and 330) and 4 new main protein bands (144,104,58 and 53 ku) appeared.These results indicated that the interaction of GPV stress and host protein/enzymes and isozyme gene expression would result in the biochemical characteristics variation of activity and isozyme patterns of protein/enzymes,and directly or indirectly affect metabolic approach and pathological biochemical function on goslings infected with GPV,and enhance the defense and stress ability of GPV.Therefore,protein/enzymes and isozyme might be sensitive enzyme of GPV infection stress,and were effective marker of pathological mechanism on investigation of virus genotype interaction with genetic susceptibility of the host.