剪翅蜂王飞逃的一次观察

在养蜂工作中,一年的三个季节均可换王。但是,什么时候换王最合适,笔者谈一谈自己的观点,与同行们交流。1流蜜期换王的好处a.流蜜期换王时,组织的交尾群不会发生盗蜂。因为交尾群内采集蜂少,幼蜂多,主要靠人工饲喂来维持生存需要,而在缺蜜期稍不小心,就会引起交尾群被盗,造成育王失败。b.流蜜期蜂群群势一般较为强壮,封盖子脾多,提群容易,且被提群中蜜粉充足,几乎不需要饲喂就能保证育王成功。c.流蜜期内,雄蜂充足,蜂王交尾成功率高。d.流蜜期换王,新王能提高蜂群的工作积极性,从而增加蜂产品收入和增强蜂群抵抗疾病的能力,并且能预防“分蜂…     

影响处女王交尾成功因素探讨

育王、换王是一项重要而细致的养蜂工作,事关蜂场兴衰。在每年换王、育王时,蜂王的交尾成功率是每个养蜂员最关心的问题。下面,笔者就影响处女王交尾成功的几个方面谈一些粗浅的认识,与广大蜂友商榷。1 哺育群首先在育王前就要选择无病、群壮、各项生产性能指标均优良的蜂群。在群势达不到要求时,可以用相邻的两群蜂合并成一群蜂来培育蜂王,合并后的蜂群能达到20框的群势。在头一天傍晚拿走其中较差的那只蜂王,第二天把无王群放在继箱里,然后搬放在有王群的上面,底箱与继箱中间放一块塑料纱网。第三天拿走纱网调脾育王。这样的强群哺育蜂充…     

顺应蜂群生物学特性改变育王方式

<正>传统育王方式一般要组建蜂群总数1/5的小型交尾群,方能满足蜂场更新生产王的需求。这既占用大量蜂具,消耗大量蜜蜂资源,又费时费力。新王产卵后介入生产群,步骤繁多,成功率低。若借用生产群在流蜜前或治螨断子期作交尾群育王,就不必组建小型交尾群,又可充分利用断子期的蜂群资源为     

谈谈我处理工蜂产卵群的经过与思考

2005年刺槐花期育王时，由于种种原因，我对蜂群没有做到及时的检查，致使两个交尾群因长时间无王形成了工蜂产卵。     

我对蜂场一次性换王的尝试

一次性换王,就是用同一日龄的处女王在蜂场采蜜群中交尾.平均每群至少获新王1只(双王群饲养者除外).蜂场如能在春季提前完成换王,对全年养蜂生产意义重大:蜂群工作积极、勤奋,不易起分蜂情绪;秋繁好,越冬群势壮等.笔者2007年春季未能及时换王,秋季突击换王是一次教训,2008年枣花流蜜前充分开动脑筋,大胆试验,47个采蜜群用同一日龄处女王交尾,获新王53只.愿把全过程介绍给大家.     

季节性双王三箱群饲养法（四）——育王,分双王交尾箱

“季双三”用王量大而早，如何提早育出优质王台，提高处女王交尾成功率是关键。为此笔者在育王、交尾群组织方式、方法上进行探索和改进。现将改进后的育王、交尾法叙述如下。一、育王方正林区（简称方林，下同）４月下旬柳花盛开，蜜粉均佳。早春３框蜂的单王生产群，管...     

交尾群对王台的排斥反应及其对策

移虫育王是养蜂生产的重要环节 ,但在最近实施中发现交尾群中的工蜂不接受王台 ,(即所谓排斥反应 ) ,约占挂台数的 40 %。严重地影响养蜂者的生产计划落实 ,甚至影响到优良蜂种的繁殖和推广应用。1、排斥反应的主要表现形式在交尾群内所吊王台内的处女王尚未出来就被工蜂毁坏 ,处女王出台后工蜂对其围攻直至死亡。2、造成排斥反应的主要原因通过多年观察对比试验和看阅资料表明 ,交尾群发生的排斥反应与其内部“蜂王物质”、工蜂日龄和其内部情况有关。3、减少排斥反应的主要对策3 .1交尾蜂群要断王 3 6-48小时才能挂王台。蜂王的上腭腺能分…     

本刊常用计量单位符号

1交尾群“幽闭法”防止盗蜂的体会更新老蜂王是养蜂工作中的重要一项,蜜源期大批换王自然很好,但令养蜂员头疼的是非蜜源期提的交尾群很容易被盗:大群缺蜜,小群则既缺蜜又无防盗能力,稍不小心就会引起交尾群被盗,而且一经被盗很难制止。刺槐花结束后,笔者的蜂场因群势太强,经常有蜂群发生自然分蜂,夜晚箱外工蜂爬满。本想推迟到荆条花期育王分蜂,但当时只好将强群中的老子脾提出部分来进行分蜂。提好脾后,第一天让老蜂返巢,第二天安台,并于当晚补喂白糖水,谁知第三天早上仍有一半以上的交尾群发生盗蜂。看来,这次育王可能要失败。笔者急中生…     

我谈育王、关王与换王

初学养蜂的同志都要自己动手,学会育王、关王与换王. 首先说育王. 种蜂场育王从雄蜂、供卵群、育王群到处女王的交尾都有严格的要求,但我们育王在技术上也应力争精益求精.     

失王种种 补救方法不同

1 .交尾失王。处女王在野外进行交尾的过程中 ,遇到突其而来的暴风雨或其它原因来不及归巢而造成交尾失王。遇到这种情况要特别注意 :因原处女王出房后 (介绍进去时 ) ,一般都会把老王蜇死 ,而处女王必须经过 1 -2星期后性才成熟 ,然后交尾 ,所以这段时间巢内已没有了卵 ,因此不宜介绍王台。补救办法 :应直接介绍一只正在产卵的蜂王 ,以稳定蜂群并及时发展群势。如介入的是老王 ,应让其产卵一段时间后再重新更换。2 .分蜂群失王。经人工分蜂而失王的 ,因失王时间不久 ,补救办法 :可介绍新王 ,也可介绍成熟王台。3 .“嫁蜂”群失王。“嫁蜂”…     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.