农业部公布一组“三夏”农业机械作业质量标准

目前，“三夏”生产已全面展开。农业部农业机械化管理司5月19日印发通知，要求各地农机化主管部门加大农业机械化标准的宣贯力度，加强作业质量监督，切实提高“三夏”农机作业质量。为方便全国各地农机服务组织和机手学习掌握有关农业机械作业质量标准，按照农业机械作业质量标准要求，提高作业质量和安全运行水平     

增强农机安全意识 保障人身财产安全(三)——农机安全宣传教育知识讲座(三) 第三讲 农机安全宣传教育的内容(技术教育)

农业机械担负着各种复杂的农田、场院和运输作业,农机监理机关对农业机械进行技术检验,不仅符合田间,场院和运输作业的要求,更重要的是保障作业中的安全。安全技术检验是对农业机械的技术状况的验证,督促驾驶操作人员及时保养、维修,充分发挥应有的经济效能,确保安全生产。 下面具体讲述农机的安全技术检验和检验的技术要求: 1.农机的安全技术检验 农机检验的目的是为了掌握农业机械技术状态,督促有机户和有机单位及时保养,使农业机械保持良好的技术状态,满足农业生产的要求,避免发生机械事故,确保安全作业。     

玉米农业机械技术问答（续1）

11．什么是农业机械？农业机械有哪些种类？ 答 农业机械是指用于农业生产及其产品初加工等相关农事活动的机械设备的总称。农业机械包括动力机械和作业机械两个方面。动力机械为作业机械提供动力，包括拖拉机、柴油机、汽油机、电动机等；作业机械则直接完成农业生产中的各项作业，     

机械播种农业技术要求与作业方法

近几年，随着农村经济的快速发展，农业机械的拥有量大幅增长，为农业增产、农民增收起到了重要的保障作用，而机械播种是农业生产过程中的重要一环，是确保苗全苗壮夺取高产的关键作业，也是农机与农艺配合的重要措施之一。现将机械播种的农业技术要求与作业方法介绍如下，供广大农户和机手参考。     

计算机视觉技术在智能化农业机械中的运用

计算机视觉技术在当下许多行业领域中都有着广泛的应用,表现出了良好的应用前景.将计算机视觉技术应用到智能化农业机械中,有助于实现农业机械的自动化生产.智能化农业机械技术以人机协同技术、绿色维修技术以及机械自动化技术为关键技术,在田间作业农业机械、农业收获机械以及农产品加工机械中应用计算机视觉技术,有助于提高农业机械作业效...     

机械耕整地作业质量标准浅释

为了加快农业机械化进程,规范农业机械作业质量标准,我们结合山东省的实际情况,并吸收当前农业机械作业的先进成果,制定了《农业机械作业质量     

计算机视觉技术在智能化农业机械中的应用探析

【目的】在智能化农业机械中合理应用计算机视觉技术,为农业现代化生产提供强有力的技术支撑。【方法】笔者通过分析计算机视觉技术在智能化农业机械中的应用优势,从田间作业机械、农业收获机械、农业导航机械、农产品加工与分选机械、病虫害防治农业喷洒机械这5个方面阐述了计算机视觉技术在智能化农业机械中的具体应用,并提出加大政府支持力度、注重专业人才培养等对策提高计算机视觉技术在智能化农业机械中的应用效果。【结果】智能化农业机械与计算机视觉技术的有机结合,可以有效调整和优化农业生产模式,减少生产成本投入,促进农民增收,节能环保,助推我国农业可持续、高质量发展。     

计算机视觉技术在智能化农业机械中的应用研究

计算机视觉技术是当前各领域普遍应用的一项现代化技术,其应用前景比较广阔。随着农业机械逐渐走向智能化和自动化,计算机视觉技术应用于智能化农业机械之中已经成为一种趋势,对农业机械自动化、智能化生产的实现发挥重要作用。为了研究计算机视觉技术在智能化农业机械中的科学应用,笔者首先对计算机视觉技术进行简要介绍;其次,分析了智能化农业机械所包含的主要技术类型,即绿色维修、人机协同以及机械自动化;最后,探讨智能化农业机械中计算机视觉技术的具体运用,将计算机视觉技术应用于田间作业机械、农作物收获机械以及农产品加工机械等机械之中,可产生较高的经济效益和环境效益。研究结果表明,在智能化农业机械中合理运用计算机视觉技术,可以进一步提升农业机械的精准度和自动化水平,对提升智能化农业机械的整体质量以及作业效率发挥着重要作用;科学运用计算机视觉技术,将极大地降低农业机械对生态环境的影响,满足绿色农业的发展需求,促进农业产业现代化。     

LED灯光在农业机械上的研究与运用

LED灯光作为一种新兴的绿色光源,具有功耗低、亮度高、寿命长的特点,所以LED灯光的运用具有"节能减排"的作用。本文针对目前农业机械存在作业工况复杂,对路面识别清晰度要求高的问题,介绍了LED灯光在农业机械上的选型、布置和验证的方法,以满足农业机械夜间作业时对灯光要求;指出新能源技术的运用,可以成为机械的销售亮点,提高机械的市场竞争力。     

市场经济体制下的农业机械化发展与管理

农村经济体制改革后，农民有了经营农机的自主权，但一家一户经营农业机械，由于资金、操作水平、技术保障等方面的局限性，难以满足用户在农业生产中对时间、作业质量和全过程机械化的要求。无机户也因不能分享经济效益，而产生逆反心理，拒机械于田坎之外。随着农机作业...     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。