Muscle Protein Hydrolysates and Amino Acid Composition in Fish

Fish muscle, which accounts for 15%–25% of the total protein in fish, is a desirable protein source. Their hydrolysate is in high demand nutritionally as a functional food and thus has high potential added value. The hydrolysate contains physiologically active amino acids and various essential nutrients, the contents of which depend on the source of protein, protease, hydrolysis method, hydrolysis conditions, and degree of hydrolysis. Therefore, it can be utilized for various industrial applications including use in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals to help improve the health of humans. This review discusses muscle protein hydrolysates generated from the muscles of various fish species, as well as their amino acid composition, and highlights their functional properties and bioactivity. In addition, the role of the amino acid profile in regulating the biological and physiological activities, nutrition, and bitter taste of hydrolysates is discussed.     

Influence of Amino Acid Compositions and Peptide Profiles on Antioxidant Capacities of Two Protein Hydrolysates from Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Dark Muscle

Influence of amino acid compositions and peptide profiles on antioxidant capacities of two protein hydrolysates from skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) dark muscle was investigated. Dark muscles from skipjack tuna were hydrolyzed using five separate proteases, including pepsin, trypsin, Neutrase, papain and Alcalase. Two hydrolysates, ATH and NTH, prepared using Alcalase and Neutrase, respectively, showed the strongest antioxidant capacities and were further fractionated using ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography. Two fractions, Fr.A3 and Fr.B2, isolated from ATH and NTH, respectively, showed strong radical scavenging activities toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (EC₅₀ 1.08% ± 0.08% and 0.98% ± 0.07%), hydroxyl radicals (EC₅₀ 0.22% ± 0.03% and 0.48% ± 0.05%), and superoxide anion radicals (EC₅₀ 1.31% ± 0.11% and 1.56% ± 1.03%) and effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation. Eighteen peptides from Fr.A3 and 13 peptides from Fr.B2 were isolated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and their amino acid sequences were determined. The elevated antioxidant activity of Fr.A3 might be due to its high content of hydrophobic and aromatic amino acid residues (181.1 and 469.9 residues/1000 residues, respectively), small molecular sizes (3–6 peptides), low molecular weights (524.78 kDa), and amino acid sequences (antioxidant score 6.11). This study confirmed that a smaller molecular size, the presence of hydrophobic and aromatic amino acid residues, and the amino acid sequences were the key factors that determined the antioxidant activities of the proteins, hydrolysates and peptides. The results also demonstrated that the derived hydrolysates and fractions from skipjack tuna (K. pelamis) dark muscles could prevent oxidative reactions and might be useful for food preservation and medicinal purposes.     

Ameliorative Effects of Oyster Protein Hydrolysates on Cadmium-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxicant that can cause severe hepatic injury. Oyster protein hydrolysates (OPs) have potential effects on preventing liver disease. In this study, thirty mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control, Cd, Cd + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 100 mg/kg), and low/high dose of OPs-treatment groups (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg). After continuous administration for 7 days, the ameliorative effect of OPs on Cd-induced acute hepatic injury in Cd-exposed mice was assessed. The results showed that OPs significantly improved the liver function profiles (serum ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP) in Cd-exposed mice. Histopathological analysis showed that OPs decreased apoptotic bodies, hemorrhage, lymphocyte accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration around central veins. OPs significantly retained the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and decreased the elevated hepatic MDA content in Cd-exposed mice. In addition, OPs exhibited a reductive effect on the inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammation-related proteins (MIP-2 and COX-2) and the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. OPs suppressed the development of hepatocyte apoptosis (Bax, caspase-3, and Blc-2) and the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Cd-exposed mice. In conclusion, OPs ameliorated the Cd-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, as well as the development of hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating the ERK/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT-related signaling pathways.     

Intracerebroventricular Administration of Soy Protein Hydrolysates Reduces Body Weight without Affecting Food Intake in Rats

Some studies suggest that increased consumption of soy protein hydrolysates may cause body weight loss but the mechanism of action is unknown. The objective of this investigation was to determine whether intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of soy protein hydrolysates decrease food intake and body weight. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) received i.c.v. injections of soy hydrolysate I (SH I) or soy hydrolysate II (SH II) three times weekly for 2 weeks. Krebs solution and leptin were used as negative and positive controls respectively. SH I (6.5–20 kDa with a strong band at 14 kDa) was produced by hydrolysis with alcalase, and SH II (∼2 kDa) was obtained by hydrolysis and ultrafiltration. Leptin successfully reduced body weight (−1.60 g) 24 h (p = 0.0093) after the third injection. SH I caused significant (p = 0.0009) decreases in body weight (−1.70 g) 24 h after the third injection but not after 48 h. SH II showed a tendency to prevent body weight gain but this effect was short of statistical significance (p < 0.40). Food intake was not affected by any of the soy hydrolysate treatments but leptin injection did cause significant decreases in food intake (p < 0.05). Data suggest that soy alcalase hydrolysate can decrease, in the short term, the rate of body weight gain independently of food consumption. This preliminary data show that soy peptides may play a role on body weight regulation, possibly by increasing energy utilization.     

Two Novel Antioxidant Nonapeptides from Protein Hydrolysate of Skate (Raja porosa) Muscle

In the current study, the preparation conditions of neutrase hydrolysate (SMH) from skate (Raja porosa) muscle protein were optimized using orthogonal L₉(3)⁴ tests, and R values indicated that pH was the most important factor affecting HO· scavenging activity of SMH. Under the optimum conditions of pH 7.0, enzymolysis temperature 60 °C, enzyme/substrate ratio (E/S) 2%, and enzymolysis time 5 h, EC₅₀ of SMH on HO· was 2.14 ± 0.17 mg/mL. Using ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and RP-HPLC, two novel antioxidant nonapeptides (SP-A and SP-B) were isolated from SMH and their amino acid sequences were found to be APPTAYAQS (SP-A) and NWDMEKIWD (SP-B) with calculated molecular masses of 904.98 Da and 1236.38 Da, respectively. Both showed strong antioxidant activities. SP-A and SP-B exhibited good scavenging activities on HO· (EC₅₀ 0.390 and 0.176 mg/mL), DPPH· (EC₅₀ 0.614 and 0.289 mg/mL), and O₂⁻· (EC₅₀ 0.215 and 0.132 mg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner. SP-B was also effective against lipid peroxidation in the model system. The aromatic (2Trp), acidic (2Asp and Glu), and basic (Lys) amino acid residues within the sequences of SP-B might account for its pronounced antioxidant activity. The results of this study suggested that protein hydrolysate and peptides from skate muscle might be effective as food additives for retarding lipid peroxidation occurring in foodstuffs.     

Physicochemical,Nutritional and In Vitro Antidiabetic Characterisation of Blue Whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) Protein Hydrolysates

Protein hydrolysates from low-value underutilised fish species are potential sources of high-quality dietary protein and health enhancing peptides. Six blue whiting soluble protein hydrolysates (BW-SPH-A_F), generated at industrial scale using different hydrolysis conditions, were assessed in terms of their protein equivalent content, amino acid profile and score and physicochemical properties in addition to their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and stimulate the secretion of insulin from BRIN-BD11 cells. Furthermore, the effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) on the stability of the BW-SPHs and their associated in vitro antidiabetic activity was investigated. The BW-SPHs contained between 70–74% (w/w) protein and all essential and non-essential amino acids. All BW-SPHs mediated DPP-IV inhibitory (IC₅₀: 2.12–2.90 mg protein/mL) and insulin secretory activity (2.5 mg/mL; 4.7 to 6.4-fold increase compared to the basal control (5.6 mM glucose alone)). All BW-SPHs were further hydrolysed during SGID. While the in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory and insulin secretory activity mediated by some BW-SPHs was reduced following SGID, the activity remained high. In general, the insulin secretory activity of the BW-SPHs were 4.5–5.4-fold higher than the basal control following SGID. The BW-SPHs generated herein provide potential for anti-diabetic related functional ingredients, whilst also enhancing environmental and commercial sustainability.     

Influence of Cultivation Conditions on the Sioxanthin Content and Antioxidative Protection Effect of a Crude Extract from the Vegetative Mycelium of Salinispora tropica

Due to their bioavailability, glycosylated carotenoids may have interesting biological effects. Sioxanthin, as a representative of this type of carotenoid, has been identified in marine actinomycetes of the genus Salinispora. This study evaluates, for the first time, the effect of cultivation temperature (T) and light intensity (LI) on the total cellular carotenoid content (TC), antioxidant activity (AA) and sioxanthin content (SX) of a crude extract (CE) from Salinispora tropica biomass in its vegetative state. Treatment-related differences in TC and SX values were statistically significantly and positively affected by T and LI, while AA was most significantly affected by T. In the S. tropica CE, TC correlated well (R² = 0.823) with SX and somewhat less with AA (R² = 0.777). A correlation between AA and SX was found to be less significant (R² = 0.731). The most significant protective effect against oxidative stress was identified in the CE extracted from S. tropica biomass grown at the highest T and LI (CE-C), as was demonstrated using LNCaP and KYSE-30 human cell lines. The CE showed no cytotoxicity against LNCaP and KYSE-30 cell lines.     

滑菇胞内多糖的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

为了探讨滑菇胞内多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化活性,本研究采用热水浸提的方法,在单因素试验结果的基础上,建立以滑菇胞内多糖得率为响应值的二次回归模型。结果表明:最佳提取工艺为浸提温度84℃,浸提时间1.5 h,液固比40:1 m L/g,测得滑菇胞内多糖提取得率为(34.020 8±0.043 3)%。同时以清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、ABTS自由基及还原能力为指标,对滑菇胞内多糖的抗氧化活性进行研究。结果显示,滑菇胞内多糖具有一定的抗氧化能力。本研究对滑菇胞内多糖的提取工艺及抗氧化活性进行研究,旨在为后续研究滑菇胞内多糖提供试验依据,为进一步综合开发和利用提供一定的理论支持。      

Salmon Protein Hydrolysate Potentiates the Growth Inhibitory Effect of Bicalutamide on Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines LNCaP and PC3 by Modulating Iron Homeostasis

Prostate cancer is a common cause of cancer death in men. In advanced stages of prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is initiated. Despite ADT, prostate cancers invariably progress to become androgen independent. A growing body of evidence implicates iron dysmetabolism in prostate cancer progression. A bioactive peptide-rich salmon protein hydrolysate (SPH) has previously been demonstrated to modulate iron homeostatic mechanisms. In the present study, the anticancer effect of SPH and bicalutamide co-treatment on LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell proliferation was investigated. Our results found that SPH potentiates the anti-proliferative effect of bicalutamide in a dose-dependent manner for both cell lines. In the presence of 160 µg/mL SPH, co-treatment with 1.0 µM bicalutamide decreased LNCaP cells’ relative colony survival from 25% (1.0 µM bicalutamide monotreatment) to 2% after culturing for 12 days. For PC3 cells, the relative colony survival diminished from 52% (10.0 µM bicalutamide) to 32% at an SPH concentration of 160 µg/mL. Gene expression profiling, employing quantitative real-time PCR, revealed that the inhibitory effects were related to significant FTH1 up-regulation with a concomitant TFRC down-regulation. In conclusion, our results provide in vitro evidence that SPH potentiates the growth inhibitory effect of bicalutamide on prostate cancer cells by modulating iron homeostasis mechanisms.     

大豆浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉加工现状及对鱼类影响

鱼粉价格上涨,饲料成本上升,严重制约着水产养殖业的可持续发展,开发新型饲料蛋白源、节约鱼粉蛋白成为亟待解决的重要问题。大豆浓缩蛋白(soy protein concentrate,SPC)是由豆粕经乙醇或甲醇提取后的大豆制品。它具有高蛋白质含量(65%～70%)、高消化率,较少的抗营养因子等特点,被广泛应用于鱼类配合饲料。本文概述了大豆浓缩蛋白的理化特性、产品分类、加工工艺及替代鱼粉对鱼类生长、消化、免疫、肠道组织、抗氧化、蛋白质代谢等方面的影响,为合理开发利用大豆浓缩蛋白,节约鱼粉蛋白,降低饲料成本提供理论依据。     

施氮对饲用杂交稻产量和蛋白质含量的影响及其机理研究

研究了氮肥用量和穗粒肥比例对饲用杂交稻威优５６产量和蛋白质含量的影响及其机理。结果表明：增施氮肥和增加穗粒肥比例,能提高叶片和籽粒的全氮、蛋白非蛋白氮含量,以及谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（ＰＥＰＣ）活性从而提高米蛋白质含量;氮肥施用过量,会抑制叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶（ＳＰＳ）活性和籽粒蔗糖合成酶（ＳＳ）及腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（ＡＤＰＧ－ＰＰａｓｅ）活性,不利叶片的蔗糖合成和籽     

Comparative Assessment of Nitrogen Concentration Effect on Microalgal Growth and Biochemical Characteristics of Two Chlorella Strains Cultivated in Digestate

Microalgae have been recently recognized as a promising alternative for the effective treatment of anaerobic digestion effluents. However, to date, a widely applied microalgae-based process is still absent, due to several constraints mainly attributed to high ammonia concentrations and turbidity, both hindering microalgal growth. Within this scope, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the performance of two Chlorella strains, SAG 211-11b and a local Algerian isolate, under different nitrogen levels, upon ammonia stripping. The experiments were performed on cylindrical photobioreactors under controlled pH (7.8 ± 0.2) and temperature (25 ± 2 °C). Cultures were monitored for biomass production and substrate consumption. After sampling at the beginning of the stationary phase of growth (12th day) and after the maturation of the cells (24th day), an analysis of the produced biomass was conducted, in terms of its biochemical components. The local isolate grew better than C. vulgaris 211-11b, resulting in 1.43 mg L⁻¹ biomass compared to 1.02 mg L⁻¹ under 25 mg NH₄-N L⁻¹, while organic carbon and nutrient consumption varied between the two strains and different conditions. Concerning biomass quality, a high initial NH₄-N concentration led to high protein content, while low nitrogen levels favored fatty acid (FA) accumulation, though the production of pigments was inhibited. In particular, the protein content of the final biomass was determined close to 45% of the dry weight in all experimental scenarios with adequate nitrogen, while proteins decreased, and the fatty acids approached 20% in the case of the local isolate grown on the substrate with the lowest initial ammonium nitrogen (25 mg NH₄-N L⁻¹). The novelty of the present work lies in the comparison of a microalga with industrial applications against a local isolate of the same species, which may prove to be even more robust and profitable.     

负载茶树精油的辣木籽渣蛋白乳液在槟榔保鲜中的应用

本研究以新鲜槟榔为实验材料,研究了常温贮藏条件下,负载茶树精油（0%、0.1%、0.3%和0.5%）的辣木籽渣蛋白乳液涂膜液对新鲜槟榔保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,负载0.1%、0.3%和0.5%茶树精油的辣木籽渣蛋白乳液对抑制槟榔的腐烂具有较好的效果,且随着浓度的增加（0%~0.3%）,抑制越显著,但高至0.5%时效果减弱,其中0.3%茶树精油涂膜可有效减少新鲜槟榔贮藏期内水分的蒸发,进而减缓质量损失,同时还能有效维持较高的硬度,减缓组织软化,可有效减缓槟榔表皮转黄,保持较好色泽形态,常温贮藏期达到11 d,且抑菌试验表明,负载0.3%茶树精油–辣木籽渣蛋白乳液对大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）的抑菌直径为(11.33±0.81) mm,对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）的抑菌直径为(13.38±0.88) mm。综上所述,负载0.3%茶树精油–辣木籽渣蛋白乳液涂膜效果最好,既能达到抑菌效果,同时也能最大程度保持槟榔外观品质和营养品质,可作为延长槟榔保鲜时间和贮藏品质的适宜处理条件。     

蛋白质在二倍体马铃薯中的分布及相关性分析

马铃薯蛋白质具有丰富的营养价值。以9个二倍体马铃薯品系(Solanum phureja-S.stenotomum杂种)为试验材料,采用盆栽的方式研究蛋白质在茎、叶、块茎中的分布及相关性。结果表明:以干、鲜重为基础的叶片蛋白质含量都极显著高于块茎和茎秆,茎秆含量最低;以干重为基础时,叶片与茎秆蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关,以鲜重为基础时,叶片与块茎和茎秆蛋白质含量都呈极显著正相关。     

高CO2浓度对水稻叶片膜脂过氧化和抗氧化酶活性的影响

 以4个栽培稻品种和2种野生稻为材料,比较了长期生长在高浓度CO₂(600 μL/L)和普通空气CO₂浓度(350 μL/L)下抽穗期水稻叶片抗氧化酶活性的变化以及对甲基紫精光氧化的响应。在自然条件下其抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT和POD)活性因品种和种性的不同而存在一定的差异。与生长在普通空气CO₂浓度的水稻相比,高浓度CO₂下叶片的膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量和POD活性都有不同程度下降,SOD和CAT活性则因品种的不同而呈不同的变化趋势。光氧化条件下,生长在普通空气CO₂浓度下的水稻叶片CAT活性增加了1.7～6.5倍,高浓度CO₂下则增加了1.0～3.8倍,而SOD和POD活性在光氧化条件下都降低。光氧化导致了水稻叶片的MDA含量的增加,高浓度CO₂下生长的水稻叶片MDA含量增加的幅度小于在普通空气CO₂浓度下生长的水稻,显示高浓度CO₂对光氧化损伤具防护效应。     

休闲期耕作对旱地小麦籽粒蛋白质形成及其相关酶活性的影响

为给旱地小麦高产优质栽培提供理论依据,通过大田试验研究了旱地小麦休闲期不同时间深翻、深松对0～300 cm土壤蓄水量、小麦籽粒蛋白质形成及其与氮代谢相关酶活性关系的影响.结果表明,休闲期深翻或深松均可提高旱地小麦播前0～300 cm土壤蓄水量,且欠水年效果明显,以前茬小麦收获后45 d深翻效果较好.休闲期耕作均显著提高了小麦蛋白质产量.耕作时间对籽粒蛋白质含量的影响因降雨年型不同而异,欠水年的休闲期耕作均显著降低了籽粒蛋白质含量;丰水年在麦收后15d耕作显著降低了籽粒蛋白质含量,而麦收后45 d耕作则显著提高了籽粒蛋白质含量,尤其显著提高了醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白含量,从而改善了品质.此外,丰水年麦收后45 d耕作可提高花后旗叶和籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性、旗叶和籽粒谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性,降低花后旗叶和籽粒谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性;籽粒蛋白质的累积在麦收后15d耕作条件下与籽粒GDH活性关系密切,而麦收后45 d耕作条件下与旗叶GS和GOGAT活性相关性较大.总之,旱地小麦休闲期耕作在不同降雨年型下均可起到良好的蓄水保墒作用,且欠水年效果较明显;耕作时间对土壤水分、小麦氮代谢酶活性、籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量具有较大的调控效应,休闲期雨后耕作有利于籽粒蛋白质形成,且深翻效果较好.     

醋制对黑豆蛋白含量及多肽ACE抑制活性的影响

为考察醋制对黑豆蛋白含量及多肽ACE抑制活性的影响,为对黑豆醋浸过程中蛋白组分及含量变化进行分析,并对相应ACE抑制肽活性进行测定。黑豆经醋浸不同时间后,采用顺序抽提法提取清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白,并采用凯氏定氮法及SDS-PAGE电泳进行定量和定性分析;各蛋白组分经胃蛋白酶水解,经超滤(截留分子量3 k D)后收集滤液,获得多肽组分,RP-HPLC法进行ACE抑制活性评价。结果表明:经醋浸14 d后,黑豆总蛋白含量变化幅度小于±0.5%;清蛋白含量由55.13%(0 d)降低至9.61%(14 d);球蛋白由7.04%(0 d)增加到20.34%(14 d);醇溶蛋白由0.81%(0 d)增加到1.72(14 d);谷蛋白由21.11%(0 d)增加到59.45%(14 d),含量最高。醋浸处理降低了清蛋白源多肽的ACE抑制活性,但提高了球蛋白、醇溶蛋白及谷蛋白多肽的ACE抑制活性,其中,谷蛋白多肽抑制率由18.18%(0 d)增加至37.58%(14 d),抑制活性升高。醋浸可改变黑豆各蛋白组分的含量和对应多肽的ACE抑制活性,其中,谷蛋白含量及其多肽ACE抑制活性均有增加。研究结果表明可进一步采用分离纯化技术从谷蛋白多肽中获得高活性降压肽。     

Limited Benefit of Marine Protein Hydrolysate on Physical Function and Strength in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Age-related muscle wasting can compromise functional abilities of the elderly. Protein intake stimulates muscle protein synthesis; however, ageing muscle is more resistant to stimuli. This double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial is one of the first registered studies to evaluate the effects of a supplement of marine protein hydrolysate (MPH) on measures of physical function and strength. Eighty-six older adults received nutritional supplements containing 3 g of MPH or a placebo for up to 12 months. Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), grip strength and gait speed were measured, and dietary intake was registered at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. No difference was found between the intervention and control groups in mean change in SPPB (independent sample t-test, p = 0.41) or regarding time trend in SPPB, grip strength, or gait speed (linear mixed model). The participants in our study were well functioning, causing a ceiling effect in SPPB. Further, they had sufficient protein intake and were physically active. Differences in physical function between those completing the intervention and the dropouts might also have created bias in the results. We recommend that future studies of MPH be carried out on a more frail or malnourished population.     

控释氮肥对杂交水稻糙米蛋白质品质和氮代谢关键酶活性的影响

以八两优100（杂交早稻）和威优46（杂交晚稻）为材料,研究了施用控释氮肥对稻米蛋白质含量、氨基酸含量及其组分以及叶片和籽粒中硝酸还原酶（NRase）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和蛋白水解酶活性的影响。结果表明,八两优100和威优46控释氮肥处理糙米蛋白质、复合蛋白含量均显著或极显著高于尿素处理,其中谷蛋白和谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值增幅明显。施控释氮肥的八两优100和威优46糙米氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和限制性氨基酸含量均较施用尿素的明显提高。在施用尿素和控释氮肥条件下,供试两组合叶片中NRase、蛋白水解酶、GS以及籽粒中的GS活性的动态变化一致。施用控释氮肥有利于功能叶中NRase、GS、蛋白水解酶以及籽粒中的GS活性维持较高水平。控释氮肥对杂交水稻功能叶氮代谢关键酶活性和籽粒中蛋白质合成及氨基酸积累均有明显的调节作用。这可能是控释氮肥能显著提高杂交水稻产量和蛋白质及氨基酸含量的生理原因之一。     

水稻籽粒蛋白质含量选择对杂交后代蛋白质含量及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响

 以籽粒蛋白质含量有显著差异的杂交后代及亲本为材料,分析了灌浆成熟过程中叶片蛋白水解酶和籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶活性以及籽粒可溶性蛋白质含量的变化动态。结果表明,在籽粒蛋白质含量相近的亲本衍生的杂交后代中,通过籽粒蛋白质含量的连续定向选择不仅可以获得籽粒蛋白质含量和叶片蛋白水解酶活性及籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶活性明显变高或变低的杂种后代,而且可获得蛋白质含量和酶活性超亲的后代;稻米蛋白质含量与灌浆过程中的叶片蛋白水解酶活性呈正相关, 籽粒可溶性蛋白质含量与籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶活性呈显著负相关。