早期断奶羔羊饲喂代乳料对其生长发育和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同配方代乳料对早期断奶羔羊生长发育和血清生化指标的影响.选取体重接近的30日龄杂交羔羊36只,随机分为3组,每组羔羊12只(公、母各半).对照组为自然哺乳,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组分别饲喂代乳料A、B.试验期60 d,其中预试期5d,正式试验期55 d.结果 显示,试验组羔羊采食量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)...     

羔羊早期断奶研究进展

目前,国内外对犊牛和仔猪的早期断奶及代乳料(MilkReplacer)和开食料(CalfStarter)的研究较多,相比之下,对羔羊的早期断奶及补饲效果,报道甚少。在我国,从20世纪60年代开始曾先后开展了犊牛早期断奶的试验研究并取得了一定的成绩。而对于羔羊的现代化、集约化的生产,要求全进全出,即羔羊进入育肥圈时的体重大致相似,若差异较大不便管理,影响育肥效果。因此,除采取同期发情,诱导产羔外,早期断奶是高效养羊业的一项重要技术措施之一。1实施羔羊早期断奶的必要性当前,我国各省市养羊业多采用常规养羊法,即:母乳喂养,3～4月龄断奶。该体制主要…     

不同断奶时间及代乳料对放牧羔羊生长的影响

试验设计3个不同断奶时间(30 d,45 d,60 d)和3个不同营养水平的代乳料,研究这两个因素对放牧条件下甘肃高山细毛羊羔羊生长性能的影响。结果表明:在45 d断奶时,饲喂代乳料Ⅲ的羔羊在60 d时体重比对照组高4.35 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01),该组平均每只羔羊比对照组的经济效益高27.58元;60 d断奶时,饲喂代乳料Ⅲ的羔羊在75 d时体重比对照组高5.26 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01),该组平均每只羔羊的经济效益比对照组高29.51元。     

羔羊早期断奶技术研究进展

羔羊早期断奶是利用羔羊代乳料代替母乳,人为缩短母乳哺乳时间。通过实施早期断奶,可促进羔羊生长,提高母羊生产力,获得更高的生产效益。文章就羔羊早期断奶时间、羔羊代乳料的研究现状、早期断奶应注意的问题几方面进行综述,以期为日后羔羊早期断奶技术的研究和生产实践提供参考。     

辽宁绒山羊羔羊早期断奶试验报告

将辽宁绒山羊初生羔羊按不同日龄进行分组,饲喂代乳粉和由羔羊颗粒料、玉米碴及绿豆秸、鲜苜蓿草、鲜羊草等组成的羔羊日粮。将75只羔羊分为3组,30日龄15只、45日龄30只,60日龄30只,作为试验组。对照组89只,120日龄断奶。试验结束后对羔羊增重和成活情况进行统计,发现对辽宁绒山羊羔羊用代乳料替代母乳,并不影响羔羊的成活率和生长发育,可以在实际生产中进行推广。     

代乳料饲喂羔羊早期断奶试验研究

研究用3个不同配方的代乳料对羔羊进行早期断奶,对羔羊体重、成活率、体尺等指标的影响。选择80只25日龄杂交羔羊(小尾寒羊和本地羊),随机分为4组进行试验。3个试验组5日龄内用代乳料逐渐代替母乳,另一组为对照组(自然哺乳)。结果表明:①试验1组、2组、3组的只均日增重分别为:203.25 g、238.45 g、241.50 g、高于对照组的150.60 g,差异显著(P0.05);②试验组羔羊体高、尻高、胸围、体长均高于对照组,试验组间无明显差异;③试验组成活率为100%,比对照组95%有所提高;④试验组羔羊断奶时每只均利润比对照组增加了40元以上。     

代乳料与早期断奶对甘肃仔马鹿生长发育的影响

为了探索科学的饲养管理方法,提高甘肃马鹿的养殖水平,本试验对仔马鹿进行了早期断奶及其代乳料的试验研究。试验采用单因子随机分组设计,将24只60日龄甘肃仔马鹿随机分为4组,其中A、B、D为试验组,C为对照组,自然哺乳。试验组于仔鹿60日龄断奶,进行了30 d饲养试验,结果表明,仔鹿60日龄早期断奶是可行的,试验期内断奶仔鹿未发生腹泻、下痢等疾病。60日龄断奶后,饲喂A、B两组代乳料的效果与自然哺乳C组相近;D组效果则不理想。     

小尾寒羊羔羊早期断奶对比试验

选择79只30日龄的小尾寒羊羔羊,分为试验A、B、C组和对照组。试验A、B、C组的羔羊分别在不同日龄断奶,然后喂给优质代乳料和优质饲草,对照组全期哺乳并补饲优质饲草。结果表明:30～90日龄平均日增重、90日龄平均体重,A组分别为(224.50±14.53)g、(21.96±2.52)kg,B组分别为(263.17±20.13)g、(24.32±2.41)kg,C组分别为(221.50±17.29)g、(21.85±2.34)kg,对照组分别为(185.83±23.94)g、(19.73±3.27)kg。A、B、C3个试验组30～90日龄平均日增重和90日龄平均体重均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。     

奶山羊羔羊代乳料的研制试验

<正> 关于奶山羊羔羊代乳料的研究,国外已有报道。据法国绵羊山羊技术研究所的资料表明:“羔羊生后吃初乳2天,常乳12天,从第9天开始喂代乳品至41天,13天开始补喂草、料”。国内,对此课题研究甚少。为了解决当地羔羊断奶过早(20～30天),又不注意用代乳料补充其营养,影响羔羊生长发育的问题,我们于1988年3月进行了奶山羊羔羊代乳料的研制试验。现报告如下:     

山羊羔羊早期断奶试验研究报告

选择114只30日龄左右的山羊羔羊,分为A、B、C3组,试验A、B组分别在30和60日龄断奶,然后喂给羊专用优质代乳料和优质饲草。对照C组90日龄断奶,同时补优质饲草料。结果表明,在120日龄时,A组30～120日龄平均日增重、120日龄平均体重分别为163.56±12.09g、20.96±2.25kg;B组30～120日平均日增重、120日龄平均体重分别为172.44±16.57g、21.83±2.41kg;C组30～120日平均日增重、120日龄平均体重分别为138.11±19.42g、18.65±2.79kg。A、B两组30～120日平均日增重、120日龄平均体重均显著高于C组(P<0.01)。     

饲喂代乳粉对羔羊生长性能和体组织参数的影响

研究饲喂代乳粉和母羊哺乳对羔羊生长性能和体组织参数的影响。选取18只日龄和体重相近、健康的杂交F1羔羊,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组9只。试验组饲喂代乳粉,对照组随母羊哺乳,饲养时间为90d。称取20、90日龄空腹体重,并于90日龄时每组随机选取4只屠宰,称量胴体、各胃室、小肠各段、内脏器官鲜重。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组羔羊平均日增重提高18.61%(P0.05);宰前活体重、胴体重分别提高22.28%、32.44%(P0.05),屠宰率提高6.67%(P0.05);复胃总重增加13.25%(P0.05),其中瘤胃鲜重增加25.92%(P0.05),皱胃鲜重提高6.74%(P0.05),网胃和瓣胃鲜重则有降低的趋势;回肠鲜重和长度分别增长75.28%(P0.05)和35.50%(P0.05);肺、肾脏、肝脏和脾脏鲜重提高22.29%、30.10%、28.86%和38.22%(P0.05)。结论:饲喂代乳粉后可提高羔羊生长性能,但对屠宰率无显著影响,可促进其瘤胃的发育,并影响部分内脏器官发育。     

代乳粉在犊牛早期断奶技术中应用的试验研究

22头体重相近的荷斯坦犊牛随机分为2组,试验组饲喂代乳料,对照组饲喂新鲜牛奶。经60d的饲喂试验发现,试验组增重比对照组多5.3kg/头,且差异极显著(P<0.01),日增重比对照组提高了88.3g/d,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

羔羊早期断奶方式与时间研究进展

羔羊早期断奶能缩短母羊繁殖周期,促进羔羊生长,有利于集约化饲养.文章综述了羔羊早期断奶的概念、理论依据及研究进展.     

Effects of feeding level of milk replacer on body growth,plasma metabolite and insulin concentrations,and visceral organ growth of suckling calves

The objective was to evaluate effects of feeding level of milk replacer on body growth, plasma metabolite and insulin concentrations, and allometric growth of visceral organs in suckling calves. Holstein bull calves (n = 8; 3–4 days of age) were fed either a low amount (average 0.63 kgDM/day, LM) or high amount (average 1.15 kgDM/day, HM) of high protein milk replacer until they were slaughtered at 6 weeks of age. Body weight (BW) at 4, 5, and 6 weeks of age, feed intake, average daily gain, and feed efficiency were higher in the HM than LM calves. The HM group had higher plasma glucose at 3 and 4 weeks of age and insulin levels after the age of 4 weeks compared with LM calves whereas no effect was detected on plasma nonesterified fatty acid or urea nitrogen concentrations. The HM calves had greater empty body weight (EBW), viscera‐free BW and most of the organs dissected than LM calves. Relative weights (% of EBW) of liver, spleen, kidneys, and internal fat were higher, whereas head and large intestine was lower in HM than LM calves. The results suggest that increased milk feeding levels would accelerate the growth of the body and specific organs.     

代乳粉对成年黔北麻羊瘤胃发酵及血浆生化指标的影响

基于笔者所在课题组前期对饲喂代乳粉可以改善黔北麻羊羔羊生产性能的研究结果,本研究进一步分析代乳粉对瘤胃发酵及血浆生化指标的影响,以期为生产实践中应用代乳粉提供基础数据。本研究采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,将健康无病,体重、年龄一致的成年黔北麻羊6只分为3组(对照组、试验1组、试验2组),每组两个重复,每个重复1只羊,单笼饲喂。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组、试验2组在基础饲粮基础上分别添加2.5%、5%代乳粉。试验持续45d,分3期,每期15d,包括14d预饲期和1d采样期。结果显示,1)代乳粉对瘤胃液pH、微生物蛋白产量影响均不显著(P0.05);试验1组氨态氮浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)各组间瘤胃微晶纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶及木聚糖酶活数值差异均不显著(P0.05),但试验1组、试验2组羧甲基纤维素酶活水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)试验1组、试验2组的瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及总挥发性脂肪酸显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验2组数值高于试验1组;乙酸/丙酸显著低于对照组(P0.05)。4)试验2组血浆葡萄糖显著低于试验1组(P0.05)、总蛋白显著低于对照组(P0.05),其余血浆指标差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,补饲代乳粉可改善黔北麻羊瘤胃发酵参数及部分血浆生化指标;综合来看,以5%水平较好。     

Effects of butyrate supplementation in antibiotic‐free milk replacer and starter on growth performance in suckling calves

The aim of this study was to evaluate butyrate supplementation of antibiotic‐free milk replacer and starter on growth performance in male Holstein calves. Twenty‐nine calves were divided into two groups. Group C (n = 13) was fed antibiotic‐free milk replacer without supplementation, and Group B (n = 16) was fed antibiotic‐free milk replacer supplemented with butyrate (1.6 % DM of Gustor BP70^®). Starter in Group B contained 0.3 % DM of Gustor BP70^®. The intake of milk replacer was lower in group B than in C (p = 0.07 for the treatment x week interaction). Body weight (BW) and heart girth (HG) in group B was higher than in C during the experimental period (p = 0.07 and 0.01 for the treatment × week interaction, respectively). The duration of the weaning period in group B was shorter than in group C (p = 0.02). β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) was higher in group B than in C (p = 0.04). Insulin like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) concentrations tended to be higher in group B than in C (p = 0.07 for treatment × week interaction). Our results show that butyrate supplementation in antibiotic‐free milk replacer and starter exerted positive effects on growth performance in suckling calves.     

延边黄牛犊牛代乳料饲喂效果的研究

选择16头初生重相近的延边黄牛犊牛随机分成4组,每组4头,对照组犊牛随母哺乳,试验组采用随母哺乳加补饲,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别补饲1、2、3号代乳料,进行增重效果和血液指标的比较。试验结果表明:各试验组的4月龄重、全期增重和日增重均高于对照组,其中试验Ⅲ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);体尺指标测定中,试验Ⅲ组的体长显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的腰角宽显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各组血液指标均在正常范围之内。综合评定,3号代乳料饲喂效果最好。     

蛋白水平及Lys/Met对早期断奶藏羔羊生长发育的影响

旨在研究藏羔羊早期断奶料蛋白水平及Lys/Met配比对其生长发育的影响。试验选取(55±2)日龄断奶、体重(10.85±0.65)kg藏羔羊98只,随机分为7组,每组14只,公母各半。分别饲喂不同蛋白水平和Lys/Met配比的藏羔羊早期断奶料,试验期20 d。结果:藏羔羊早期断奶料蛋白水平在15%～21%,随断奶料蛋白水平的提高,采食量和日增重增加、腹泻率降低、血清蛋白含量增加;18%蛋白,Lys/Met配比为3.1∶1的日粮最为合理,可以替代21%高蛋白断奶料;在15%蛋白水平的日粮,Lys/Met配比为3.1∶1最为合理,可以替代18%中蛋白断奶料。结果提示:早期断奶料营养水平影响藏羔羊早期的生长发育和血清指标,本试验推荐的早期断奶藏羔羊断奶料适宜的配比为18%蛋白水平和Lys/Met配比为3.1∶1。     

Effects of milk replacer and starter diet provided as creep feed for suckling pigs on pre‐ and post‐weaning growth

This study was aimed at investigating the long‐term effects of provision of liquid milk replacer (MR) and solid starter diet (SD) during lactation on post‐weaning (PW) growth of pigs. In experiment 1, 33 cross‐bred litters were allotted to four treatments: no supplement (CON), MR ad libitum, SD ad libitum and 100 g SD/litter/day from lactation day 4 through weaning at day 21 during late fall. In experiment 2, 40 litters received MR or none in July. PW pigs received commercial diets to marketing. In experiment 1, weaning weight (WW), pre‐weaning average daily gain (ADG) and mortality (2.4%) were not influenced by creep‐feeding MR or SD. ADG was greater (P < 0.05) in the MR group versus CON during days 21–54, but did not differ across the treatments during days 54–162. In experiment 2, ADG during lactation and WW were greater in the MR group versus CON, with mortality lower in the former (5.6 vs. 10.3%). However, PW ADG to day 175 did not differ between the two groups. Results suggest that creep‐feeding MR or SD has no effect on PW growth. However, it remains possible that MR reduces PW mortality during the hot season.