AM真菌对几种花卉生长发育的影响

试验研究了摩西球囊霉、地表球囊霉和幼套球囊霉等三种AM真菌对大丽花、孔雀草和金盏菊生长发育的影响。结果表明，接种AM真菌提高了花卉幼苗的移栽成活率，促进了植物的生长发育。另外，还可使植物体的叶绿素含量和N、P、K等营养元素的含量增加，植株生长量增加，开花期提前，蛊花期的着花数量增多，花期延长。     

西北制种基地成本提高对玉米种企的影响

通过对甘肃张掖、武威等地玉米制种基地的“亩产值”、制种面积和收获等情况的考察，结合2011-2020年的玉米制种面积、制种产量、种子库存、大田种植面积、产量等情况，对2021-2022年度玉米种业进行了判断和预测，并对种业同行提出了建议。     

小陇山野生观赏种子植物资源及其应用研究

小陇山是我国西北地区的一个重要山脉，拥有丰富的植物资源，其中不乏具有观赏价值的种子植物。文章系统调查和分析了小陇山野生观赏种子植物的资源状况、分布特征、生物学特性、利用现状和开发潜力，探讨了其开发和利用的途径和方法，包括引种驯化、组培快繁、杂交育种、风景园林建设等，指出存在的如资源退化、生态破坏、遗传污染等问题以及面临的挑战，提出了相应的对策和建议，旨在为保护和利用小陇山野生观赏种子植物资源提供科学依据及技术指导。     

2002—2022年国内外虎杖研究态势的文献计量分析

虎杖是国内外广泛分布的重要中草药和工业原料植物，准确把握其研究现状和发展态势对虎杖种植和利用有重要指导意义。该研究以2002—2022年CNKI中文期刊数据库、Web of Science核心数据库检索文献为基础数据，应用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件系统分析了虎杖研究现状、动态和前沿热点。2002年以来国内外对虎杖研究关注程度总体呈上升趋势，影响力最大的研究机构为中国科学院、中国农业科学院、四川大学等。从国际范围看，中国是虎杖研究合作影响力最高国家，发文量占全球的44.8%。国内外虎杖研究热点主题分别形成17个聚类，国内热点包括其药用价值、生长特性、离体培养，白藜芦醇、虎杖苷、大黄素、绿原酸、总蒽醌等功能成分提取、药效和利用等。国际热点包括蒽醌类、白藜芦醇等功能成分提取分析及其抗氧化、抑制细胞增生等医药健康用途、新活性物质鉴定、作用分子机理、合成生物学、能源和农药利用、生物入侵和生物控制等。研究确证了中国研究单位和研究者的优势和影响力，为深化虎杖研究提供了方向指导。     

甜茶微波浸提工艺的研究

该研究对微波辅助浸提技术在甜茶深加工中应用效果与常规水浸提取效果进行了比较，研究证实微波辅助浸提在提高产品得率、品质和工效等方面总体上具有明显优势的基础上，并对微波强度、浸提时间、茶水比等浸提技术参数进行了优化，筛选出了微波辅助浸提的最佳微波强度、最佳浸提时间和最佳茶水比等技术参数，为下一步浓缩茶汁和工业化生产奠定了基础。     

棉花抗红铃虫机制的研究

1984—1990年，采用各种不同的棉花种质设置24个试验。通过近等基因系分析、相关分析和多个基因型的比较分析，较系统地探讨了早熟性、结铃性、鸡脚叶、无蜜腺。窄卷苞叶，光滑、 ，多毛高棉酚和低棉酚阮腺体)等性状与棉花抗红铃虫的关系。证实早熟性，鸡脚叶，无蜜腺，光滑和高棉酚等性状对红铃虫表现一定抗性，而多毛和低     

加强新型种业体系建设 推进种业健康发展

建国以来，我国种子产业历经“四自一辅”、“四化一供”、“产业化经营”等几个主要阶段，取得了长足发展，有效地提升了农业产量，改善了农产品质量，为农业增效、农民增收、农村经济发展和农村社会稳定做出了重大贡献。特别是农业发展进入新阶段后，种子产业的快速发展，对农作物单位面积产量的再度跨越，对农产品质量安全状况的不断改善，对推进农业产业结构调整，确保粮食安全，提高农业生产的科技含量和效益，改善城乡居民膳食结构和生活水平等都发挥了更为突出的作用。     

不同品质玉米在烘干过程中破碎率和裂纹率指标的合理确定

本文系统地介绍了在粮食烘干过程中，因玉米的容重和原始水分不同、干燥介制裁温度不同、降水幅度要求不同等因素的影响，会不同程度地在烘后玉米的破碎率、裂纹率等指标上体现出来。建议在考核烘干机系统性能时，对烘后玉米破碎率、裂纹率等控制指标应用作相应的修改和调整，并简要阐述了提高玉米烘后品质的设想和建议。     

如何科学合理利用高大平房仓储粮

1998年以来，国家先后投资新建了几百亿千克仓容的中央直属储备粮库，这些粮库的建成，极大地改观了我国储粮条件落后的局面。所建仓房主要采用高大平房仓、浅圆仓和立筒仓等新仓型。这些新仓型具有跨度大、粮堆高、单仓容量大、占地少等特点。新仓型配备了新设备，并运用了四项储粮新技术，储粮功能发生了新的变化，应用高大平房仓储粮，遇到了一些新情况和新问题，只有科学合理地利用，才能发拭军其真正的作用，才有利于储粮安全。为此，我们进行了如下探索和改进。     

小麦籽粒颜色与抗氧化作用

以抗活性氧活力单位、抗超氧阴离子活力单位和总抗氧化活力单位为指标，研究了白、红、紫、深紫、紫黑、蓝等不同颜色小麦籽粒的抗氧化能力，并分析了其与色素、黄酮等抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化酶活性之间的关系。结果表明，小麦籽粒颜色与其抗氧化活性之间存在着非常密切的关系，蓝、紫黑、深紫、紫等黑粒小麦籽粒的抗氧化能力高于白粒和红粒小麦。黑粒小麦的总黄酮、氨基酸、Vc、类胡萝卜素等抗氧化物质含量和SOD等抗氧化酶活性高于普通白粒和红粒小麦；并且籽粒色素含量、总黄酮含量、总氨基酸含量以及SOD活性与3个抗氧化能力指标显著或极显著正相关，Vc和类胡萝卜素含量与3个抗氧化指标之一或之二显著或极显著正相关，说明色素、黄酮、SOD、Vc和氨基酸等是蓝、紫黑、深紫、紫等黑粒小麦的抗氧化能力强于白粒和红粒小麦的主要物质基础。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.